As the armies stood at time of surrender:

Federal soldiers 1,000,576
Confederate soldiers 272,025
Total enlistment of Federal army 2,778,304
Total enlistment of Confederate army 600,000

1. The State of New York with 448,850 and Pennsylvania with 337,936 Union soldiers aggregated 768,635 soldiers and outnumbered the entire Confederate army.

2. Illinois with 259,092, Ohio with 313,180, and Indiana with 196,363 soldiers aggregated 768,635 soldiers and outnumbered the Confederate army.

3. New England with 363,162 and the 316,424 Union soldiers of the slave States aggregated 679,586 soldiers and outnumbered the Confederate army.

4. The States west of the Mississippi River, exclusive of Missouri and the other Southern States, enlisted 319,563, Delaware, New Jersey, and the District of Columbia 105,632, and the negro troops enlisted in the Southern States and not before counted were 99,337—an aggregate of 514,532 soldiers.

These facts, taken from the war records, show that there were four Union armies in the field, each of which was as large as the Confederate army.

The following list of killed and wounded (exclusive of prisoners) in the nineteen great battles of the war was compiled by Lieut. Col. G. F. R. Henderson, C.B., in his most excellent book of two volumes styled “Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War.” I am glad that some neutral party has so truthfully recorded the facts as they are. He came to the United States after the war in order to investigate and write for the benefit of an impartial public a true history. He was given every facility for that purpose and had access to the reports of both sides, with the personal interviews of both Federal and Confederate officers who had participated from the beginning to the close of the war. After much labor and time spent, he made the following report, touching the killed and wounded of both armies in the battles named, which report received the full indorsement of Field Marshal the Right Honorable Viscount Wolseley, commander in chief of the Army of Great Britain. Taken, then, as such, it should be accepted as impartial and true.

List of Killed and Wounded (not Including Prisoners) in the Great Battles of the War between the States, 1861 to 1865.
Name of Number of Troops Engaged Killed and Wounded Tot Pct of
Battle Date Cfd Fed Cfd Fed Total Pct Vic
Manassas* 1861 18,000 18,000 1,969 1,584 3,553 9 10
Perryville 1862 16,000 27,000 3,200 3,700 6,900 16 ···
Shiloh 1862 40,000 58,000 9,000 12,000 21,000 20 20
Seven Pines 1862 39,000 51,000 6,134 5,031 11,165 12 9
Gaines Mill* 1862 54,000 36,000 8,000 5,000 13,000 14 14
Malvern Hill 1862 70,000 80,000 5,500 2,800 8,300 5 3
Cedar Run* 1862 21,000 12,000 1,314 2,380 3,694 11 6
Second Manassas* 1862 54,000 73,000 9,000 13,000 22,000 17 16
Sharpsburg* 1862 41,000 87,000 9,500 12,410 21,910 17 23
Fredericksburg* 1862 70,000 120,000 4,224 12,747 16,971 8 6
Chickamauga* 1863 71,000 57,000 18,000 17,100 35,100 27 25
Chancellorsville* 1863 62,000 130,000 10,000 14,000 24,000 12 17
Gettysburg 1863 70,000 93,000 18,000 17,000 37,000 24 20
Chattanooga 1863 33,000 60,000 3,000 5,500 8,500 8 9
S. River or M’boro* 1862 -63 33,000 60,000 9,500 9,000 18,500 24 20
Wilderness* 1864 61,000 118,000 11,000 15,000 26,000 14 18
Spottsylvania C. H.* 1864 50,000 100,000 8,000 17,000 25,000 16 16
Cold Harbor* 1864 58,000 110,000 1,700 10,000 11,700 6 3
Nashville 1864 39,000 55,000 3,500 3,000 6,500 6 5
(Cfd ＝ Confederate; Fed ＝ Federal; Vic ＝ Victor)
* Indicates battles won by Confederates.
Confederates victorious, 12; Federals victorious, 7.

It will be seen from the report that the per cent of casualties (killed and wounded) at Chickamauga is greater than any other battle of the war—to wit: twenty-seven per cent. The next in order are Gettysburg and Murfreesboro, with twenty-four per cent each. It will be remembered, too, that at Gettysburg the combined armies engaged aggregated 163,000, while at Chickamauga the combined armies engaged numbered 128,000. The killed and wounded at Gettysburg numbered 37,000, while at Chickamauga the killed and wounded numbered 35,100—a difference of 35,000 in the aggregated strength of the two armies and only a difference of 1,900 in the number of killed and wounded. Gettysburg and Chickamauga were the two great battles of the war, as I have before remarked, the one in the East and the other in the West. In these engagements the Confederate army had its greatest strength and enthusiasm. After these two battles they fought with some degree of success to the last. The North continued to gather strength, while the South had no resources to draw upon. “The cradle and the grave” had made their liberal contributions, and for the soldier who fell in action there was no one to supply his place.