The case against evolution

by George Barry O'Toole

Taxonomy: The science of classification.

Tertiary Period: A geological time-division corresponding to the rock-system that comprises the greater part of the Cenozoic group. It is made up of four series, namely, the Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene. Its close marks the beginning of the Glacial or Pleistocene epoch.

Tissue: A layer of uniform cells specialized for the same function.

Tissue Cell: One of the somatic cells of which a tissue is composed.

Troglodytic: Resembling the chimpanzee and the gorilla.

Woods Hole: The seat of the Marine Biological Laboratory. It is a watering-place on the New England coast opposite Martha’s Vineyard.

Zygote: The synthetic cell formed by the union of two gametes and giving rise by division either to a new multicellular organism, or to a rejuvenated cycle of unicellular forms.

INDEX TO AUTHORS

• Adami, J. G., [57].
• Aeby, Christoph Theod., [274].
• Æsop, [246].
• Alsberg, Moritz, [317].
• Altman, Richard, [141].
• Aquinas, St. Thomas, [32], [73], [268], [343].
• Aristotle, [133], [155], [172], [174], [192], [196], [197], [200], [202], [214], [215], [227], [230].
• Armstrong, H. E., [190].
• Arrhénius, Svante, [166], [167], [182], [183], [184].
• Augustine, St., [32], [73], [74], [75].
• Bach, Alexis, [145], [146].
• Bacon, Francis, [86], [87].
• Bagg, H. J., [266].
• Balfour, Arthur James, [358].
• Ballou, W. H., [318].
• Bardon, L., [330].
• Bastian, Charlton, [165].
• Bateson, Wm., [1], [5], [12], [13], [16], [17], [18], [20], [21], [25], [28], [30], [43], [44], [73], [84], [85], [88], [145], [146], [334].
• Bather, F. A., [3], [40], [76], [77], [86], [87], [90], [91], [92], [93].
• Baudlisch, Oscar, [148].
• Baur, E., [88].
• Beddoe, [333].
• Bergson, Henri, [262].
• Bernouilli, Jacques, [248].
• Bey, Pruner-, [324].
• Binet, Alfred, [220].
• Biot, Jean Baptiste, [135].
• Blackwelder, Eliot, [117].
• Blake, C. Carter, [324].
• Blakeslee, Albert F., [17], [21], [22], [23].
• Blanford, Wm. Thomas, [95].
• Boule, Marcellin, [332].
• Bouvier, E. L., [239], [260], [261], [265].
• Bouyssonie, A. J. & P., [330].
• Boveri, Th., [139].
• Branco, W., [344].
• Breuil, Abbé Henri, [290], [342].
• Brown, Barnum, [270], [310].
• Bryan, Wm. Jennings, [1], [343].
• Buffon, C. L., [305].
• Bühler, Karl, [218], [220].
• Bumüller, J., [273], [274].
• Burroughs, John, [244].
• Burton-Opitz, Russel, [299].
• Calkins, Gary N., [39], [40], [161].
• Campbell, Marius Robinson, [107] note
• Carazzi, D., [304].
• Castle, W. E., [43].
• Caullery, Maurice, [12], [28], [29], [277].
• Chamberlain, T. C., [125].
• Chetverikov, S. S., [115], [116].
• Chiesa, Luigi, [210].
• Clausen, Roy Elwood, [26].
• Clemont, [324].
• Clifford, Wm. Kingdon, [237].
• Cohn, Ferd. Jul., [182].
• Coleman, Arthur P., [113], [114], [115].
• Comte, (Isidore) Auguste, [225], [226].
• Conklin, E. G., [270].
• Copernicus, Nicholas, XII, XIII.
• Coulter, John Merle, [24].
• Creighton, J. E., [238].
• Croll, James, [290].
• Crookes, Sir Wm., [183].
• Cuvier, Georges, [67], [72], [76], [90], [91], [102].
• Dana, James Dwight, [111], [114], [117], [270].
• Darwin, Charles, [9], [10], [11], [12], [16], [24], [30], [32], [65], [68], [75], [81], [152], [191], [194], [236], [238], [245], [246], [269], [277], [286], [287], [288], [290], [295], [296], [297], [298], [302], [305], [307], [338], [349], [352], [353], [360].
• Da Vinci, Leonardo, [257].
• Davis, Bradley Moore, [25], [26], [27], [28].
• Davis, J. Barnard, [324].
• Dawson, Sir John William, [345].
• Dawson, Charles, [320].
• Deaver, J. B., [295].
• De Chardin, Teilhard, [320].
• De Geer, Gerard, [289].
• Delage, Yves, [127], [150], [151].
• De Mattos, Alexander Teixeira, [247] note.
• De Puydt, Marcel, [326].
• Descartes, René, [172], [197], [198], [202], [231], [249].
• De Vires, Hugo, [16], [17], [20].
• Dewey, John, [350].
• Dorlodot, Canon Henri de, XII, [31], [34], [47], [70], [74].
• Dreisch, Hans, [12], [70], [172], [174], [190], [202], [244], [252].
• Dubois, Eugène, [313], [314], [316], [318].
• Du Bois-Reymond, Emil, [11], [268], [277], [352].
• Dumas, Jean Baptiste, [135].
• Duponceau, Pierre Étienne, [338].
• Dupont, André Hubert, [326].
• Dwight, Thomas, [36], [51], [59], [274], [275], [278], [285], [303], [304], [309], [319], [320], [328], [336], [337].
• Ecclesiastes, [192].
• Ehrlich, Paul, [57].
• Eimer, Th., [7].
• Eliot, Charles W., [358].
• Evans, Sir Arthur, [339].
• Ezekiel, [89].
• Fabre, J. H., [240], [247] note, [249], [251], [252], [254], [258], [260], [263], [264], [265], [266].
• Fechner, Gustav Theodor, [149].
• Fenton, Henry John H., [146].
• Fischer, Emil, [145].
• Fleischmann, Albert, [12].
• Flemming, W., [137].
• Fontaine, T., [208].
• Fraipont, Julien, [327].
• Fuhlrott, C., [323].
• Galiani, [11].
• Galilei, Galileo, XII, XIII.
• Garbowski, Thad., [284].
• Gaskell, Walter Holbrook, [293], [294].
• Gatenby, J. B., [140].
• Geikie, Sir Archibald, [96], [97], [107] note.
• Gerard, John, S.J., [82].
• Goodrich, Edwin S., [15], [62].
• Goodspeed, T. H., [26].
• Grabau, Amadeus, Wm., [335].
• Grassi, B., [66].
• Gray, Henry, [299].
• Gregory, W. K., [270], [309], [310], [311], [318], [348].
• Grignard, Victor, [209].
• Gruender, Hubert, [233] note.
• Gummersbach, Joseph, [247] note.
• Guyer, M. F., [15], [266].
• Haacke, Joh. Wilh., [275], [317].
• Haeckel, Ernest, [33], [48], [89], [138], [186], [237], [275], [277], [278], [345].
• Hamann, Joh. Georg, [149].
• Handlirsch, Anton, [115].
• Hartmann, Karl Robert Eduard von, [358].
• Harvey, William, [155].
• Haswell, Wm. A., [316], [317].
• Hauser, O., [329].
• Hayes, Charles Willard, [107] note.
• Heilprin, Angelo, [120], [121].
• Heim, Albert, [107] note.
• Helmholtz, Herman von, [182], [298].
• Henderson, Lawrence J., [6], [153], [175], [176], [179].
• Hertwig, Oskar, [284].
• Hertwig, Richard, [315].
• Holmes, Oliver Wendell, [127].
• Holworth, Sir Henry, [98].
• Horace, [54], [109].
• Howe, John Allen, [104], [105].
• Howell, Wm. H. [299].
• Hrdlička, A., [316], [318], [319], [322], [323], [325], [328], [329], [331], [332].
• Hubrecht, Ambrosius Arnold William, [309], [317].
• Hume, David, [198].
• Huxley, Thomas H., [20], [67], [76], [98], [111] note, [236], [237], [314], [325], [333].
• Jaggar, T. A., Jr., [346], [347], [348].
• James, William, [205], [206], [212], [249].
• Jennings, H. S., [250].
• Johnson, Dr. George, XVI.
• Jordan, David Starr, [4], [18], [28].
• Jörgensen, J., [146], [147].
• Judd, J. W., [94].
• Kammerer, Paul, [14], [266].
• Kant, Immanuel, [198].
• Keen, W. W., [48].
• Keith, Arthur, [319], [322], [328], [332], [336], [337].
• Kellogg, Vernon I., [46] note, [53] note, [350], [351].
• Kerr, J. Graham, [280], [282], [284].
• Keyser, C. J., [204].
• Kidd, F., [146].
• Klaatsch, A., [308], [309], [312], [317], [326], [328], [330].
• Koenen, C., [326].
• Kofoid, Charles A., [118], [162].
• Kohlbrugge, J. H. F., [274], [275], [277], [285], [308].
• Kölliker, Rudolph Albert, [7].
• Kollman, Julius, [285], [286], [317].
• Kramberger, K. Gorjanović, [320], [333].
• Lamarck, Jean Baptiste, [8], [9], [16], [30], [32], [65], [286], [290].
• Lankester, E. Ray, [186].
• Laplace, Pierre Simon, [181].
• Lebedeff, [183].
• Le Conte, Joseph N., [345].
• Lee, [333].
• Leydig, Franz, [137].
• Linné, Carl von, [4].
• Loeb, Jacques, [159], [249], [250], [252], [264].
• Lohest, Maximin, [326].
• Lotsy, J. P., [25].
• Lucretius, [30].
• Lull, Richard S., [115].
• Macalister, R. A. S., [342].
• MacCurdy, George Grant, [317], [326], [329], [331], [332].
• MacDowell, E. C., [266].
• MacManus, T., [359].
• Macnamara, N. C., [314], [325].
• Manouvrier, L., [316], [333].
• Marx, Karl, [360].
• Mathews, Albert, [293], [294], [302].
• Maxwell, J. Clerk, [183].
• McCann, Alfred W., [31], [32], [33], [34], [47], [50], [51].
• McConnell, R. G., [107], note, [109].
• McGregor, J. H., [315], [316], [317], [320], [322].
• Melanchthon, Phillip, [197].
• Mendel, Gregor Johann, [3], [24], [27], [28], [32].
• Mendeléef, Dimitri Ivanovitch, [56].
• Mercier, Désiré Cardinal, [204], [205], [208].
• Meyer, Ludwig, [302], [324].
• Michael Angelo, [257].
• Miller, Arthur M., [97], [98].
• Miller, Gerrit, [321].
• Minchin, E. A., [5].
• Moore, Benjamin F., [150], [165], [166], [167], [168], [170].
• Morgan, C. Lloyd, [233] note, [234] note, [237].
• Morgan, Thomas Hunt, [12], [16], [36], [44], [64], [85], [86], [88], [89], [276], [278], [306], [334].
• Morton, Dudley J., [270].
• Muckermann, H., S.J., [325].
• Müller, Fritz, [48], [275], [278].
• Müller, Max, [338].
• Nägeli, Karl Wilhelm, [7], [186].
• Newman, John Henry, [354].
• Newell, Bro. Matthias, [347].
• Newton, Sir Isaac, XIII.
• Nicholson, Henry Alleyne, [97], [272].
• Nicomachus, [196].
• Obermaier, Hugues, [289], [290], [324], [327], [329], [342].
• Occam, William of, [67], [349].
• Osborn, Henry Fairfield, [2], [33], [65], [70], [76], [88], [89], [90], [170], [289], [290], [309], [318], [342].
• Paley, William, [11].
• Parker, G. H., [9], [233] note, [295].
• Parker, T. Jeffery, [316], [317].
• Pasteur, Louis, [135], [181].
• Paulsen, Friederich, [206].
• Pawlow, Ivan, [242], [249], [266].
• Pearson, Karl, [310].
• Peckham, Geo. W. and Eliz. G., [265].
• Perrier, Remy, [296].
• Pfizenmayer, E., [91], [92].
• Pictet, Amé, [143].
• Pirrson, L. V., [107] note, [109].
• Plato, [172], [197].
• Poulton, Edward B., [186].
• Price, George McCready, [97], [98], [99], [100], [104], [105], [107], [109], [110], [120].
• Price, T. S., [167].
• Quatrefages De Breau, Jean Louis Armand de, [276].
• Ranke, J., [271], [272], [273], [274], [324].
• Rautert, [326].
• Ray, John, [5], [20].
• Redi, Francesco, [134], [136], [137].
• Reinke, J., [345], [346].
• Renner, O., [16].
• Richter, Herm. Eberh., [182].
• Riddle, Oscar, [300].
• Robinson, James Harvey, [190], [194], [195], [236].
• Rösch, Joseph, [318].
• Rothpletz, Aug., [107] note.
• Russell, Bertrand, [204].
• Santayana, George, [350].
• Sapir, Edward, [338].
• Schaaffhausen, D., [150], [325], [333].
• Schäfer, E. A., [58], [165], [179], [184], [185].
• Schleiden, Matthias J., [136].
• Schmidt, H. D., [260].
• Schoetensack, Otto, [318], [319].
• Schroeder, Ch. F., [251].
• Schuchert, Charles, [97], [98], [104] note, [106], [109], [110].
• Schultze, F. E., [218].
• Schultze, Max, [137], [138].
• Schwalbe, Gust. Alb., [286], [317], [324], [325], [333].
• Schwann, Theodor, [136].
• Scott, Wm. B., [78], [96], [103], [119], [120].
• Sedgwick, A., [95].
• Sellars, R. W., [233] note.
• Sewall, Anna, [236].
• Smith, G. Elliot, [289], [341].
• Smith, John Talbot, [355].
• Smith, William, [102].
• Snell, Karl, [308].
• Sollas, W. J., [289].
• Spallanzani, Lazzaro, [134], [136].
• Spencer, Herbert, [10], [12], [98], [102], [103], [148], [166], [179], [360].
• Starling, Ernest H., [57], [299], [301].
• Stockard, Charles R., [62].
• Stoll, A., [146].
• Taylor, J., [340].
• Tertullian, [346].
• Thayer, Wm. Sydney, [135].
• Tholuck, Fried. Aug., [338].
• Thompson, Sir Wm., [182].
• Thorndyke, Edward L., [237].
• Tilden, Sir Wm., [151], [192].
• Titchener, Edward Bradford, [205], [209], [274].
• Tredgold, A. F., [15] note.
• Tuccimei, Giuseppe, XIII, [360], [361].
• Tyndall, John, [149].
• Vallisnieri, Antonio, [134].
• Van Loon, Hendrick Willem, [190].
• Vegard, Lars, [183] note.
• Vicari, E. M., [266], [267].
• Virchow, Rudolph, [137], [273], [316], [317], [324], [346].
• Vogt, Carl, [276], [324].
• Waagen, W., [16] note.
• Warner, H., [274].
• Walkhoff, O., [317].
• Walsh, James J., [336].
• Ward, James, [163].
• Wasmann, Erich, S.J., XII, [11], [33], [46], [47], [48], [49], [49] note, [67], [70], [134], [247] note, [261], [262], [277], [312], [313], [325], [333].
• Waterston, David, [322].
• Watson, John B., [198], [204], [250].
• Wayland, John Walter, [357].
• Weismann, August, [10], [13], [16], [25], [65], [186], [267].
• Weber, Ernest Heinrich, [227].
• Weld, H. P., [253], [255].
• Welday, J. O., [357].
• Wells, H. G., [1], [33], [190].
• Wenstrup, Edward, O.S.B., XVI.
• Werner, Abraham Gottlob, [99], [102], [103].
• Wheeler, Geo. C. and Esther H., [261].
• Wiedersheim, Robert, [292].
• Wilder, Harris Hawthorne, [300], [301].
• Williams, H. S., [96].
• Willis, Bailey, [107] note.
• Willstätter, R., [146], [147].
• Wilson, Edmund B., [6], [12], [13], [140], [141], [143], [160], [164], [168], [170], [200], [201], [211].
• Windle, Bertram C. A., [134], [341].
• Wirth, Edmund J., [205].
• Wissler, Clark, [344].
• Woodruff, Lorande Loss, [39], [115].
• Woods, Henry, [77], [78], [79], [80], [86], [118], [119].
• Woodward, A. Smith, [321], [322], [340], [341].
• Woodworth, Robert S., [198].
• Wright, C. F., [289].
• Wundt, Wilhelm, [197], [205], [206], [209], [212], [236], [237], [238].
• Zahm, J. A., [268].
• Zeno, [226].
• Zittel, Karl A. von, [313], [345].

INDEX OF SUBJECTS