GEORGE BRYCE.

Birmingham, December 1909.

CONTENTS AND LIST OF MAPS

I.[Parry’s Expedition of 1827]
II.[Kane’s Expedition (1853, ’54, ’55)]
III.[Expedition commanded by Dr. Hayes in 1860−61]
IV.[The German Expedition (1869−70)]
V.[Voyage of the Polaris (1871−73)]
VI.[The Austro-Hungarian Expedition (1872−74)]
VII.[The British Expedition of 1875−76]
VIII.[The Voyage of the Jeannette (1879−81)]
IX.[Greely’s Expedition (1881−84)]
X.[The Norwegian Polar Expedition (1893−96)]
XI.[Sverdrup’s Expedition (1898−1902)]
XII.[Italian Expedition (1899−1900)]
XIII.[Peary’s Expeditions (1886−1909)]
XIV.[Dr. Cook’s Expedition (1907−9)]

MAPS

1.[The Arctic Regions]
2.[Chart of Smith Sound and Kennedy Channel]
3.[Chart of Part of East Greenland]
4.[Kaiser Franz-Josef Land in 1874]
5.[Chart of Greenland and Ellesmere Island]
6.[Franz-Josef Land]
7.[Chart of Sverdrup’s Discoveries]
8.[Chart of Northern Part of Greenland]
9.[Chart of North Polar Regions]

GLOSSARY OF ARCTIC TERMS

Beset, so enclosed by floating ice as to be unable to navigate.
Bore, to force through loose or recent ice.
Calf, detached mass from berg or glacier, rising suddenly to the surface.
Crow’s nest, a look-out place attached to the topgallant-masthead.
Dock, an opening in the ice, artificial or natural, offering protection.
Drift ice, detached ice in motion.
Field ice, an extensive surface of floating ice.
Floe, a detached portion of a field.
Hummocks, ridges of broken ice formed by collision of fields.
Ice-blink, a peculiar appearance of the atmosphere over distant ice.
Ice-foot, the ice which adheres to the coast above the ordinary level of the sea.
Lane or lead, a more or less navigable opening in the ice.
Nip, the condition of a vessel pressed upon by ice on both sides.
Pack, a large area of floating masses of ice driven together more or less closely.
Palæocrystic ice, the name given by Nares to the old ice of the Polar Sea.
Polynia, a Russian term for an open-water space.
Rue-raddy, a shoulder-belt to drag by.