Penal Methods of the Middle Ages: Criminals, Witches, Lunatics

by George Burnham Ives

[673]. Andrew Halliday, Lunatic Asylums, p. 10. London, 1828.

[674]. W. A. F. Browne, What Asylums were, p. 105.

[675]. J. Conolly, Treatment of the Insane, p. 7.

[676]. See M. Esquirol, Mémoire sur la Maison Royale de Charenton, p. 10.

[677]. D. H. Tuke, Hist. p. 52.

[678]. W. Besant, London in the Time of the Stuarts, p. 237.

[679]. J. B. Tuke, art. “Insanity,” Ency. Brit. ninth ed.

[680]. Many asylums were built under the Act of 1808, but before that the pauper patients had been “crowded into the damp dungeons of our public workhouses, or shut up in houses of detention and ill-regulated prisons.”—A. Halliday, Lunatic Asylums, p. 10.

[681]. Treatment of the Insane.

[682]. Oscar Wilde, Ballad of Reading Gaol, p. 24.