[87]. “The lord exercised ... jurisdiction in civil and criminal suits which, with all the profits—for in early times the pecuniary interests of justice formed no small part of the advantages of judicial power—was conferred on him by the original gift.”—Stubbs, Const. Hist. i. p. 102, and Holdsworth, 13, 14.
[88]. See Maitland, Domesday Book, p. 33.
[89]. Ibid. p. 83.
[90]. “So intimate is the connection of judicature with finance under the Norman kings, that we scarcely need the comment of the historian to guide us to the conclusion that it was mainly for the sake of the profits that justice was administered at all.”—Stubbs, Const. Hist. i. p. 438.
[91]. After Henry II. “a crime is no longer regarded as a matter merely between the criminal and those who have directly suffered by his crime; it is a wrong against the nation.”—Maitland, Const. Hist. p. 109, ed. of 1898.
[92]. L. O. Pike, History of Crime in England, i. p. 130.
[93]. In the period of the Civil War, however, the barons had made their castles robbers’ caves, from which they raided the unhappy English. Vide The Saxon Chronicle for the year 1137.
[94]. See Stubbs, Charters, p. 143.
[95]. The expenses for gaols at Canterbury, Rochester, Huntingdon, Cambridge, Salisbury, Malmesbury, Aylesbury, and Oxford are detailed in the Roll of 1166.
[96]. See John Lingard, Hist. Eng. ii. p. 619. London, 1849.