Dubuque was the first miner in the lead-mines under the Spanish grant. He built his own sepulchre, and raised a cross over it, on a beautiful bluff, overlooking the river, forty years ago, where it now stands.
331. River Bluffs, magnificent view, Upper Mississippi.
332. Fort Snelling, at the mouth of St. Peter’s, U. S. Garrison, seven miles below the Falls of St. Anthony, Upper Mississippi.
333. Prairie du Chien, 500 miles above St. Louis, Upper Mississippi, United States Garrison.
334. Chippeway Village and Dog Feast at the Falls of St. Anthony; lodges built with birch-bark: Upper Mississippi.
335. Sioux Village, Lake Calhoun, near Fort Snelling; lodges built with poles.
336. “Coteau des Prairies,” head-waters of St. Peter’s. My companion, Indian guide, and myself encamping at sunset, cooking by our fire, made of buffalo-dung.
337. “Pipestone Quarry,” on the Coteau des Prairies, 300 miles N. W. from the Falls of St. Anthony, on the divide between the St. Peter’s and Missouri.
The place where the Indians get the stone for all their red pipes. The mineral, red steatite, variety differing from any other known locality—wall of solid, compact quartz, grey and rose colour, highly polished as if vitrified; the wall is two miles in length and thirty feet high, with a beautiful cascade leaping from its top into a basin. On the prairie, at the base of the wall, the pipeclay (steatite) is dug up at two and three feet depth. There are seen five immense granite boulders, under which there are two squaws, according to their tradition, who eternally dwell there—the guardian spirits of the place—and must be consulted before the pipestone can be dug up.
338. Sault de St. Mary’s—Indians catching white fish in the rapids at the outlet of Lake Superior, by dipping their scoop nets.