[16]Cross, Whitman, Lavas of Hawaii and their Relations: U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 88, p. 25, 1915.
[17]Powers, Sidney. Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 28, p. 512, 1925.
[18]Stearns, H. T., Origin of Haleakala Crater, Maui, Hawaii: Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 53, pp. 1-14, 1942.
[19]Degener, O., Plants of Hawaii National Park, p. 101; Flora Hawaiiensis, Family 68, 1946.
[20]Degener, O., Plants of Hawaii National Park, pp. 142-148.
[21]Basic data for this section prepared under the supervision of D. Elmo Hardy, Entomologist, University of Hawaii, to whom grateful acknowledgement is made.
[22]Perkins, R. C. L., Ent. Monthly Magazine, 32:195, 1896.
[23]Myrick, E., Fauna Hawaiiensis, vol. 1, p. 145, 1899.
[24]Swezey, O. H. and Degener, Otto. Insect fauna of the silversword and greensword. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 7(1): 183-195, 1928.
[25]Fauna Hawaiiensis; being the Land Fauna of the Hawaiian Islands. Edited by David Sharp. Vols. I-III. Cambridge, England. 1899-1913.