In Germany all silver manufactures are placed under Imperative control, and lower standards than those given in the table, under their respective heads, cannot be worked. The German style is similar to that of the French, but the former manufacture an unusually large quantity of filigree articles, very light in construction, tasteful, and cheap; and the possession of these advantages enables them to export to England and other countries their wares at a cheap rate. They are commonly sold by weight, and not so much per article; in many cases the charge does not exceed 12s. 6d. per ounce. In filigree work the Germans cannot equal the taste and variety displayed in Indian workmanship. In India the natives have definite designs, but the Germans are too fond of a variety of colours in their wares, which do not always harmonize with their particular kind of work.
In Austria silver manufactures are commonly ornamented by enamel, niello, &c., which gives them a very pleasing appearance. They are usually light and showy, and something after the style of French work. The laws affecting the Austrian silver workers are the same as those of Germany.
The English style of work is strong and solid; and is undoubtedly superior to that of all Continental manufacturers as regards substantial workmanship, careful manipulation, and durability. It is, moreover, capable of a higher finish, and possesses more evenness of surface, together with a combination of strength, that admirably suits it for articles and utensils for daily use, and which causes it to be preferred before that of any other nation; and while France, Germany, and other countries may exhibit greater ingenuity, to England belongs the credit of producing the best finished and the most durable work of any nation in the world.
Acids, vegetable, [10]
Action of acids on copper, [44]
of silver under heat, [8]
Acts of the Legislature, [189]
on licences, [186]
clause on, [193], [194]
Advantages of scorification, [20]
Air in furnace, [33]
Alkalies, caustic, [10]
Allowed, remedy in fineness, [72]
Alloy, [41]
Clark’s patent, [172]
commonly used, [63]
for cupel quantity, [35]
for hall-marking, [62]
for plate, [71]
for silver-wares, [72]
French, for coinage, [69]
French, for plate, [69]
French, for silver-ware, [69]
German, for coinage, [71]
instructions in preparing, [70]
new, [205]
Nos. 1 to 8, [64-67]
of the highest quality, [62]
silver dissolving, [202]
standard, [61]
white, [172]
Alloy, with copper, [68]
with palladium, [173]
with platinum, [172]
Alloys of common silver, [167-170]
characteristics of, [173], [174]
imitation, [166-173]
imitation, uses of, [173]
of nickel, [46]
of silver, [42]
of tin with gold, [49]
of tin with silver, [49]
silversmith’s, [40], [197]
Aluminium alloy, [205]
solder, [206]
Amalgam, [41]
Amalgamation of zinc, [153]
America, [11]
American supply of silver, [12]
Ancient method of assaying, [37]
workers in tin, [48]
Ancients, [6]
Annealing silver, [109]
Anthracite, [21]
Art in soldering, [90]
in the silver trade, [122]
Articles, hand-made, [54]
of silver common, [147]
Art of soldering, [74]
Arts, metals employed in, [41]
Assay crucible, [16]
charge for, [17]
English system, [39]
fluxes, [16]
of silver ores, [16]
scorification, [19]
weighing of, [30]
Assayer’s muffle, [28]
Assaying, borax, use of, in, [22]
Dr. Lamborn on, [38]
of silver ores, [16]
Austrian style of work, [211]
Battery, Bunsen’s, [152]
constant, [150]
exciting mixture, [151]
for plating, [150]
solution, [151]
Bean-shot copper, [44]
Best crucibles, [95]
Birmingham, [52]
Black cyanide, [157]
Blowpipes, [89]
Boiling-out mixture, [144]
pan, [143]
pickle, [93]
Bone-ash, [32]
cupel, [33]
Borax, [22]
sprinkle, [92]
Breaking-down rollers, [112]
Brightening, [29]
British Isles, [11]
Brown colour on silver goods, [146]
Burning of lemel, [104]
of polishings, [179], [180]
Burnished silver work, [124]
Burnishing silver work, [161], [162]
Calculated alloys, various, [80]
Calculating the qualities of silver, [64]
Carbonate of soda, [16], [102]
Casting-mould, [18]
Cause of inferior work, [74]
Caustic alkalies, [10]
Cement for chasers, [121]
Chain bracelets, [128]
Chain solder, [85]
Characteristics of imitation alloys, [173], [174]
of metals, [41]
Charcoal, [99]
Charge and flux for crucible, [23]
for assay, [17]
for scorification assay, [20]
Chief places for filigree, [53]
of filigree manufacture, [8]
uses of silver, [9]
Chinese filigree, [56]
silver, [170]
Chloride of silver, [183]
Christianity and tin, [48]
Clark’s alloy, [172]
Cleaning plate, [198]
powder for plate, [206]
Coinage, [69]
alloys for, [71]
English, [61]
French, [69]
German, [71]
Collecting-vessels, [184]
Colour-improving, [149]
Common articles of silver, [147]
easy solder, [85]
silver alloy, [167-173]
silver solder, [84]
solder, [85]
solders, [81]
Composition for solder, [81]
Conducting-wires, [154]
Connections for soldering, [77]
Constant battery, [150]
Continental cheap labour, [54]
method of assaying, [22]
silversmiths, [208]
Copper, [42]
action of acids on, [44]
bean-shot, [44]
characteristics of, [43]
chemical name, [44]
dissolving, [202]
for alloying, [68]
powder for, [199]
protoxide of, [44]
solder with, [76]
Cost of silver alloys, [64], [67]
of silver-rolling, [112]
Cronstedt, [45]
Crucible, dimensions, [16]
for lemel, [106]
mixture for, [104]
pouring lemel from, [107]
weighing metal for, [95]
Crucible assay, [16]
fluxes for, [16]
process of, [19]
Crucibles, [95]
best to employ, [95]
action with fluxes, [96]
testing soundness, [97]
Cupel, defects in, [33]
mode of manufacture, [26]
mould, [27]
quantity of alloy for, [35]
tongs, [28]
withdrawal of silver, [34]
Cupellation, [26]
of silver ores, [31]
purity of silver, [37]
Cup-fusing, [19]
Currents of air to furnace, [33]
Cyanide solution, [156]
black, [157]
Defects in bone-ash cupel, [33]
Density of nickel, [45]
of silver, [7]
of tin, [48]
Dimensions of crucible, [16]
Dipping-mixture, [199]
Directions on melting, [94]
in preparing solders, [88]
Discoverer of electro-plating, [149]
Dissolving silver, [202]
copper, [202]
impurities, [103]
soft solder, [202]
silver solder, [202]
sealing-wax, [202]
tin, [48]
Dissolution of silver, [9]
Dr. Lamborn, [38]
Drawbacks to hall-marking, [63]
Draw-bench, [114], [115]
Drawing fine wire, [116]
Draw-plate, [114]
Draw-tongs, [115]
Drossy solders, [88]
Drum for wire-drawing, [115]
Ductility of nickel, [45]
of silver, [6]
of tin, [49]
of zinc, [48]
East Indian silversmiths, [141]
Easy solders, [79]
for chains, [85]
silver solder, [80]
solder, [81]
solder, for filigree work, [84]
solder, common, [85]
Economical processes, [175]
Economy, [1]
Education, technical, [2]
Electro-plate, [46]
Electro-plating, [147]
discoverer of, [149]
soft solder, [202]
Elements, metallic, table of, [50]
Employed metals, [41]
Enamelling, [131]
England, alloy commonly used, [63]
English and foreign workmen, [2]
coinage, [61]
filigree workers, [91]
silversmiths, [63]
standard for silver, [60]
style of work, [211]
system of assay, [39]
Enriching the surfaces of silver, [139]
Exciting mixture for battery, [151]
Experts, Government, [73]
Filigree manufacture, [8]
method of making, [57]
of China and Japan, [56]
of Norway and Sweden, [56]
silver work, [127]
wire, new, [59]
work, [5], [40], [52]
working, [56]
Filed solders, [76]
Flatting of twisted wire, [59]
Flux and charge for crucible, [23]
for soldering, [77]
in pouring, [101]
Fluxes for assay, [16]
their action on crucibles, [96]
employed in melting, [96]
Foreign silver currency, [13]
silver standards, [207], [8]
workmen, [2]
French alloy for silver ware, [69]
alloy for coinage, [69]
alloy for plate, [70]
French duty, [208]
standards, [69]
style of work, [209]
Fusibility of nickel, [45]
of tin, [48]
of silver solders, [80]
Fusing-cup, [19]
Galvanic ring, [129]
German coinage, [71]
standards, [72]
style of work, [210]
Gold alloyed with tin, [49]
mode of soldering, [88]
removing, from silver, [198], [205]
Goods, silver, brown colour of, [146]
Government experts, [73]
Gravity, specific, of zinc, [47]
Great Britain, [11]
Guarantee mark, [73]
Hall-marking, alloy for, [62]
drawbacks, [63]
Hand-made articles, [54]
Hard silver solders, [79]
solder, best, [81]
Hardest silver solder, [78]
silver solder, [79]
Hardness of silver, [8]
Hawk-sparrow, [119]
Heating power of silver, [7]
Hollow silver work, [131]
Imitation silver alloys, [166], [173]
alloys, characteristics of, [173]
alloys, uses of, [173]
silver, [166], [197]
Improving colour of electro-plate, [149]
Impurities, dissolving, [105]
Indian filigree workers, [5]
Indian filigree silversmiths, [141]
mode of whitening, [142]
Industrial arts, [41]
Inferior plating solution, [159]
Ingot-mould, [100]
Instructions in preparing alloys, [68]
Irregularities in rolling-mills, [110]
Japanese filigree, [56]
Jewellery trade, state of, [12]
Law on silver wares, [73]
Lead, [103]
Legislature, Acts of, [186]
Lemaille solder, [91]
Lemel, [104]
burning, [104]
crucible, [106]
melting, [104-106]
pot for, [104]
pouring from crucible, [107]
Licence question, [191]
Licences, [190]
Litharge, [17]
Loss, working, [175]
real, [175]
total working, [176]
Making filigree, [56]
Malleability of nickel, [45]
of silver, [6]
of tin, [49]
of zinc, [48]
Maltese filigree, [55]
Manner of removing litharge, [35]
Manufacture of cupels, [26]
inferior, [73]
of filigree, [53]
of silver wares, [72]
Mark, guarantee, [72]
Marking, hall, [62]
Marking, hall, drawbacks of, [63]
Material, bad working, [98]
Mechanical uses of silver, [52]
Medium solders, [82]
silver solder, [79]
Melting, crucible for, [99]
directions on, [94]
fluxes employed, [96]
imitation alloys, [166]
points of metals, [51]
solders, [86]
tongs for, [100]
Mercury, [15]
Metal, fusible, [98]
pure, [56]
Metallic elements, table of, [50]
Metals, [41]
their characteristics, [41]
Method of assaying, [22]
for whitening, [139]
of calculating qualities, [64]
of preparing filigree, [59]
Mills, rolling, [110]
Kemp’s, [111]
Mine, richest, [12]
Mining, [11]
Mixing metals for melting, [97]
Mixture, boiling-out, [144]
dipping, [199]
for washing-out, [138]
stripping, [200]
Mixtures for whitening, [147]
for battery, [152]
nitrate of silver, [148]
Modes of melting lemel, [105]
of preparing ring, [130]
of whitening, Indian, [142]
of whitening, our, [145]
Molten metal, [99]
lemel, [103]
Mould-casting, [18]
Mould cupel, [27]
Mould ingot, [100]
Muffle assayers, [28]
Native silver, [11]
Necessity for pure metal, [56]
New alloy, [205]
method for filigree, [59]
Nickel, [45]
Nitrate of silver, [8]
of silver, mixture, [148]
Nitre, [10]
Norway filigree, [56]
Old method of filigree, [57]
Oldest method of whitening, [140]
On the melting of silver, [94]
working of silver, [108]
Ores of silver, [9]
Our mode of whitening, [145]
Oxidizing silver work, [163]
Palladium alloy, [173]
Pallion solder, [89]
Parliament, Acts of, [190]
Perchloride of iron, [205]
Physical properties of metals, [51]
Plain solid work, [127]
Plate, [4]
alloy for, [70]
cleaning powder, [206]
electro, [46], [150]
French, [70]
manufacture, [190]
powder, [202]
Plating, battery for, [150]
discoverer of, [149]
electro, [150]
fluid silver, [206]
soft solder, [201]
solution, [157]
Plating solutions, recovery of silver, [160]
Platinum alloy, [172]
Plumbago, crucible for melting, [99]
Polished silver, [7]
Polishing, [135]
lathe, [137]
Polishings, burning of, [179]
Pouring off lemel, [107]
Powder for silver, [200]
Precious metal, [1]
Precipitation of silver, [183]
Preparation for assay, [17]
of bone-ash, [32]
of plating solution, [155]
of solders, [87]
Present state of silver trade, [128]
Press, [127]
stamping, [132]
Price of silver, [9]
Principal alloys of silver, [42]
metals, [51]
Process, scorification, [18]
advantages of, [20]
details of, [23]
of silver recovery, [180-183]
Producing various shades, [165]
Production of surface, [135]
Protect polish of metals, [200]
Protoxide of copper, [44]
of zinc, [102]
Pure silver, [3]
Purity of silver, [37]
Qualities used by silversmiths, [64]
Quantity of alloy for cupel, [35]
Quick-running solder, [85]
Raised work, [120]
Raising, [122]
Recovery of silver from waste, [160]
of silver from waste waters, [183], [185]
Refining surface of silver, [146]
Remarks on silver solders, [80]
Remedy in fineness, [72]
Removal of litharge, [35]
Removing gold from silver, [198]
gold from silver-wares, [205]
Resist varnish, [202]
Ring, galvanic, [129]
preparing wire for, [130]
Rollers, slitting, [112]
breaking-down, [112]
Rolling, silver, [108]
mills, [110]
silver, [112]
wire, [113]
Sal-ammoniac, [103]
Saving waste, [177]
Scientific name for tin, [49]
Scorification process, [18]
assay, [20]
Scorifier, [19]
special form, [19]
Scrap silver, [102]
Scratch-brushing, [161]
brush lathe, [161]
Scriptural testimony, [37], [38]
Sealing-wax, dissolving, [202]
Sediment, [185]
Separation of silver, [21]
Shades, [165]
Shop floors, [177]
Shot copper for alloying, [44]
Silver a precious metal, [1]
action under heat, [8]
alloy, dissolving, [202]
alloy for coinage, [72]
alloy, standard, [61]
alloyed with tin, [49]
alloys, Chinese, [170]
alloys, common, [167], [172]
alloys, imitation, [167], [172]
Silver alloys, No. 1, [64]
No. 2, [64]
No. 3, [65]
No. 4, [65]
No. 5, [66]
No. 6, [66]
No. 7, [67]
No. 8, [67]
American supply, [12]
and aqua-regia, [8]
and mercury, [15]
annealing, [109]
articles, [194]
articles, common, [147]
assay, [14]
British, chief sources, [13]
British yield, [11]
burnishing, [162]
characteristics of, [5]
chief alloy of, [30]
chloride, [183]
commercial, [9]
currency, [6]
currency, foreign, [13]
density of, [7]
dissolution of, [9]
dissolving, [202]
ductility of, [6]
easily tarnished, [129]
European supplies, [12]
filigree work, [125]
for filigree work, [5]
fusibility of, [7]
goods, brown colour, [146]
hardness of, [8]
heating power of, [7]
imitation, [198]
known to the ancients, [6]
law on, [73]
lead and tin in, [103]
malleability of, [6]
mechanical uses of, [52]
Silver, method of calculating, [63]
mining, [11]
native, [11]
nitrate of, [8], [148]
ores, [9]
ores, assay of, [16]
oxidizing, [163], [198]
plating fluid, [206]
polished, [7]
powder, [199], [200]
powder for copper, [199]
precipitating, [183]
principal alloys, [42]
pure, [3]
purity of, after cupellation, [37]
recovery of, [160]
recovery, [177], [178]
rolling, [109]
rolling, table of cost, [112]
solders, [81]
solder, dissolving, [202]
solder, easy, [82]
solder, hardest, [79]
solder, medium, [82]
solder, zinc in, [46]
solders, fusibility of, [80]
standards, foreign, [207]
stripping mixture, [200]
surface, improving, [139]
tarnished, [7]
test for, [6]
trade, art in, [123]
uses of, [9]
various qualities, [52]
ware, [69], [195]
ware, French, [69]
ware, German, [71]
wares, alloys for, [72]
wares, removing gold, [205]
wares, testing, [203]
weighing, [30]
whitening of, [140]
Silver work, burnished, [124]
work, hollow, [131]
yield of, [13]
Silversmiths, [63]
alloys, [40], [197]
continental, [209]
East Indian, [141]
working, [2]
Skittle-pot, [25]
for lemel, [104]
Slitting-rollers, [112]
Snarling-tools, [122]
Soda, carbonate of, [16], [102]
Soft solder, [90], [202]
dissolving, [202]
plating, [202]
Solder, composition for, [81], [98]
best hard, [81]
common, [83], [85]
common easy, [86]
dish, [89]
easy, [79], [82], [86]
filed, [76]
for aluminium, [206]
for chains, [85]
for filigree, [84], [91]
hard, [77]
Lemaille, [91]
medium, [76], [82]
pallion, [88]
quick running, [85]
very common, [87]
with arsenic, [86]
with copper and silver, [76]
with zinc, [76]
Soldering, art of, [74], [90]
alloy, dissolving, [202]
connections, [77]
mode of, [88]
fluid, [201]
flux, [77]
Solders containing tin, [75]
Solders, drossy, [88]
for enamelling, [84]
melting of, [83]
preparations of, [87]
remarks on, [80]
tin in, [49]
Solid plain work, [127]
Solution for battery, [151]
cyanide, [156]
for plating, [157], [158]
for precipitation, [184]
inferior, [159]
No. 1, [163]
No. 2, [164]
No. 3, [164]
Soundness of crucibles, [97]
Spain, [11]
Sparrow-hawk, [119]
Special soldering flux, [92]
Specific gravity of zinc, [47]
Spelter, [46]
used by jewellers, [47]
Spinning, [134], [135]
Sprouting, [29]
Stamped work, [126]
Stamping-press, [132]
Standard alloy for hall-marking, [62]
alloys of the highest quality, [62]
Standards, English, [60]
French, [70]
German, [71]
State in which silver is found, [14]
State of silver trade, [128]
State of the jewellery trade, [12]
Stone, Water-of-Ayr, [136]
Strength of solution, [152]
Stripping silver, [201]
Style of work, Austrian, [211]
English, [211]
French, [209]
Style of work, German, [210]
Indian, [210]
Surface, refining of silver, [145]
Swedish filigree, [56]
System of assaying, [39]
Table of cost of silver-rolling, [112]
of metallic elements, [50]
of various duties, [90]
Tarnishing of silver, [7]
of zinc, [47]
Tax or licence, [196]
Technical education, [2]
Test for pure silver, [6]
Testing crucible, [97]
silver wares, [203]
Testimony, Scriptural, [37], [38]
Test-ring, [31]
Tin, [48]
alloyed with gold, [49]
alloyed with silver, [49]
ancient workers, [48]
and Christianity, [48]
density of, [48]
dissolving, [48]
ductility of, [49]
fusibility of, [48]
in solders, [49], [76]
malleability of, [49]
scientific name, [50]
tenacity of, [49]
vapours, [49]
Tongs, draw, [115]
Tongs for melting, [100]
Total working loss, [176]
Trade, silver, state of, [128]
useful information for, [197]
Treatment, economical, [1]
in furnace, [18]
of waste, [179]
Treatment of waste liquids, [180]
Twisting wires, [58]
Unjustly assessed tax, [195]
Uses of silver, [9]
borax, [22]
for imitation alloys, [173]
of lathe, [58]
silver, mechanical, [52]
Vapours of tin, [49]
Various qualities of silver, [52]
duties, table of, [190]
metals, mixing, [95]
Varnish, resist, [1]
Wares, ornamental, [4]
law on, [73]
removing gold from, [205]
silver alloy for, [72]
silver, [197]
testing purity, [203]
Washing-out mixture, [138]
Waste, saving, [178]
liquids, treatment of, [180]
treatment of, [181]
waters, [182-185]
water, precipitation in, [184]
Water-of-Ayr stone, [139]
Weighing of silver assay, [30]
Whitening, old method, [140]
Indian mode of, [142]
our mode of, [145]
powder, [147]
Wire for filigree, [59]
rolling, [112]
drawer’s drum, [115]
drawer’s punch, &c., [117]
drawing, fine, [117]
Wires, conducting, [154]
Withdrawal from cupel, [34]
Work, Austrian style, [211]
burnishing, [162]
English, style, [211]
filigree, [5], [40], [125]
French duty on, [208]
French style, [209]
German style, [210]
hollow, [131]
Indian style, [210]
silver, burnishing, [124]
solid, [127]
stamped, [132]
Workers, Indian, [5]
Working filigree, [56]
loss, [175]
material, bad, [98]
silversmiths, [2]
total, [176]
Workmen, English and Foreign, [2]
Workmanship, process of, [55]
Wrought work, [118]
Yield of silver, [11], [13]
Zinc, [46]
a fusible metal, [98]
amalgamation, [153]
annealing, [47]
ductility of, [48]
gravity of, [47]
in silver solder, [46], [76]
malleability of, [48]
on floors, [178]
tarnishing of, [47]
tenacity of, [48]
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.