[441] McGee, "The Siouan Indians," XV. Rep. of Bureau of Eth., 178.
[442] Dorsey, "Siouan Sociology," ibid., 225. Among the Siouan Omahas, "when a man wishes to take a second wife he always consults his first wife, reasoning thus with her: 'I wish you to have less work to do, so I think of taking your sister, your aunt, or your brother's daughter for my wife. You can then have her to aid you with your work.' Should the first wife refuse, the man cannot marry the other woman. Generally no objection is offered, especially if the second woman be one of the kindred of the first wife. Sometimes the first wife will make the proposition to her husband.... The first wife is never deposed."—Idem, "Omaha Sociology," III. Rep. of Bureau of Eth., 261.
[443] Souza, "Tratado Descriptivo do Brazil," Revist. Inst. Hist., XIV (1851), 311 ff. Compare Martius, Ethnographie, 104-06, 108, 109, notes; idem, Rechtszustande, 53, 54, 57, 58.
[444] On these modifications see Spencer, Principles of Sociology, I, 694-96; Wake, Marriage and Kinship, 196, 197, 186 ff., 210. "The phases of this custom [wives of different grades] may be practically divided into (a) those in which all a man's wives have equal rights, (b) and those where there is a superior wife (or wives) and inferior ones, the latter being sometimes legal wives, and at others slave wives or concubines."—Wake, 197. "The Siamese occupy the almost unique position of having four classes of wives, of which, however, the slave wife answers to the concubines of other forms of polygyny."—Ibid., 197. Cf. further, Grosse, Die Formen der Familie, 109; Waitz, Anthropologie, III, 328; Hellwald, Die mensch. Familie, 368, 382 (China), 414; Avery, "The Indo-Pacific Oceans," Am. Antiquarian, VI, 366.
[445] "I have known many who kept the same wife all their lives. But if any Abipon marries several women, he settles them in separate hordes, many leagues distant from one another, and visits first one, then the other, at intervals of a year."—Dobrizhoffer, Account, II, 210.
[446] Westermarck, Human Marriage, 442-50; cf. Starcke, Primitive Family, 261, 262.
[447] This is the view of Westermarck, op. cit., 482, as opposed to that of Chervin, Recherches médico-philosophiques sur les causes physiques de la polygamie dans les pays chauds (Paris, 1812), 38; and he is sustained by Goehlert, "Die Geschlechtsverschiedenheit der Kinder in den Ehen," ZFE., XIII, 127. See also Spencer, Principles of Sociology, I, 689, 690; Wake, Marriage and Kinship, 204, 205.
[448] Wake, op. cit., 205; Westermarck, op. cit., 482; Goehlert, loc. cit.
[449] Spencer, op. cit., I, 684, 689, 690; Wake, op. cit., 205; Catlin, North American Indians, I, 118.
[450] Spencer, op. cit., I, 689, 690.