[1102] Friedberg, Eheschliessung, 79, 260, 261.
[1103] Ibid., 71-74; Salis, op. cit., 11, 12.
[1104] Friedberg, op. cit., 62 ff., 499; Salis, op. cit., 9, 11, 12.
[1105] Theiner, op. cit., II, 316; Salis, op. cit., 9; Friedberg, op. cit., 110.
[1106] "Coniugia, que (quae) clam contrahuntur, non negantur esse coniugia, nec iubentur dissolui, si utriusque confessione probari poterunt: uerumtamen prohibentur, quia mutata alterius eorum uoluntate, alterius professione fides iudici fieri non potest. Unde publice, cum alterius uota in alteram partem se transtulerint, pro priore coniugio, quod iudici incertum est, sentencia ferri non poterit."—Gratian, Decreti sec. pars causa xxx, quest. v, c. ix: Richter-Friedberg, Corpus juris can., I, 1107. The passage is also quoted from different text by Salis, op. cit., 6, who adds the statement of the cardinal of Lothringen at the Council of Trent: "Clandestinum matrimonium est causa disjunctionis conjugum; tales enim cum nullos habeant testes matrimonii contracti, pro libito possunt separari."—Ap. Theiner, op. cit., II, 314.
[1107] The document, of which a part is translated in the text, will be found in Friedberg, op. cit., 72, 73. On the kinds of clandestine marriage see Salis, op. cit., 5, 6; Bohn, Pol. Cyc., III, 320; Esmein, Le mariage en droit canonique, I, 181 ff.; Lyndwood, Provinciale, 276.
[1108] For Scotland see Geary, Marriage and Family Relations, 534 ff.; Friedberg, op. cit., 57, 58, passim; Jeaffreson, Brides and Bridals, II, 259, 260.
[1109] Friedberg, op. cit., 36-57, 317, 335, 344, 355. Secret marriages are censured by Cranmer, Misc. Writings, 82, 159; Hooper, Later Writings, 137, 149; Latimer, Sermons, II, 243. Consent of parents is urged by Sandys, Sermons, 50, 281, 325, 326, 455; Becon, Catechism, 355, 358, 371, 372; idem, Prayers, 199, 532; Tyndale, Early Writings, 169, 170, 199; Jeaffreson, Brides and Bridals, II, 104-14; I, 113 ff., discusses clandestine marriages, mainly after the Reformation.
[1110] Friedberg, op. cit., 39, 40. This appears plainly from the constitution of Stratford, 1343, against clandestine marriages; as well as from that of Zouche, 1347: Johnson's Canons, II, 395-97, 410, 411.
[1111] Miles Coverdale, The Christen State of Matrimonye (1st ed., 1541), xlviii, xlviiii.