[752] Willcox, The Divorce Problem (2d ed.), 16-19, and Appendix.
[753] According to Willcox, "A Study in Vital Statistics," Pol. Sci. Quart., VIII, 78, the "number of persons divorced (not the number of divorces) to every 100,000 of the population" is as follows for various countries, the date being 1886 unless otherwise stated: Ireland, 0.28; Italy (1885), 3.75; England and Wales, 3.79; Canada, 4.81; Australia (including New Zealand and Tasmania), 11.14; German Empire, 25.97; France, 32.51; Switzerland, 64.49; United States, 88.71; Japan, 608.45. "In the year 1886," he adds, "there were in Japan 315,311 marriages and 117,964 divorces, more than one divorce to every three marriages and more than four and a half times as many divorces as there were in the United States, although the population of Japan was only about two-thirds as great."
[754] Willcox, op. cit., 92-96.
[755] Wright, Report, 158-63: Willcox, op. cit., 74, 75; Bertillon, Étude démographique du divorce, 54-57; and Statistik der Ehescheidungen der Stadt Berlin, vi, vii, showing that for each 10,000 married persons living in Berlin in 1867 29.85 divorces were granted, while in 1894 the rate had risen to 37.93.
[756] Willcox, op. cit., 73 ff., 93 ff. Cf. Wright, Report, 145, 146. Within this group the New England states show a small decrease in the divorce rate; "while in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania as a whole it has slightly increased, the two offsetting each other."
[757] Dike, in Rep. of Nat. League for Protection of the Family (1901), 6, 11. But in 1902, for the state, the ratio was 1 divorce to 7.6 marriages; ibid. (1903), 10.
In 1896 the number of marriages celebrated to one divorce granted was 19.2 in Massachusetts, 15.7 in Vermont, 14.9 in Connecticut, 9.2 in Rhode Island, and only 8.3 in Maine. In 1901 the ratio in Rhode Island had fallen to 8.2; while it had risen in Connecticut to 15.8 and in Massachusetts to 20.2: Registration Report (Me., 1896), 91; ibid. (Vt., 1896), 96; Dike in Report (1901), 11. In 1902 the number of marriages to one divorce was sixteen in Massachusetts; 8.4 in Rhode Island; 10 in Vermont; and only about six in Maine; while in 1901 it was 8.3 in New Hampshire: Dike, op. cit. (1903), 9, 10.
[758] For these facts see the parliamentary Return of the Number of Divorces in Foreign Countries (Part I, being Misc. No. 4, 1895), 3-5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16. See also Bertillon, Étude démographique du divorce, 58 ff., 74 ff.; the table in Statistik der Ehescheidungen der Stadt Berlin, vi, vii, giving figures (1867-94) for German and other lands as well as for the city; Oettingen, Die Moralstatistik, 134-62, passim; Rubin and Westergaard, Statistik der Ehen (relating chiefly to Denmark and particularly to Copenhagen); Cadet, Le mariage en France (containing many statistical tables for marriage and divorce); Naquet, Le divorce (giving two tables for marriage and divorce, 1840-74); Woolsey, Divorce and Divorce Legislation, 181-93; Muirhead, "Is the Family Declining?" Internat. Jour. of Eth., Oct., 1896, 33 ff.; Mayo-Smith, Statistics and Sociology, 101 ff., 124; Wright, Report, 981 ff.; and the mass of marriage statistics in Cauderlier, Les lois de la population et leur application à la Belgique.
[759] Bryce, Studies in Hist. and Jurisp., 841.
[760] Mill, Prin. of Pol. Econ. (Boston, 1848), I, 413.