Edward Johnson's estimate in his Wonder-working Providence supposes in 1643, a population in Massachusetts of about 15,000. There were then 31 towns in the Bay Colony, of which 10 were within the limits of the present Essex County. The population of these 10 towns was probably about 6,000. They were located for the most part along the shore line. The same geographical area in 1915 had a population of about 360,000, or exactly 60 times as great as the population in 1643, 272 years before.

16431915
Population6,000360,000
Increase in 272 years—60 times as great.
In 1643, 1 person in 60 was a criminal.
In 1915, 1 person in 600 was a criminal.
10 times more crime in 1643 according to population.
Murder (4), manslaughter (6), assault to murder (2)012
Arson07
Robbery, breaking and entering, etc.8165
Assault of various kinds1086
Drunkenness770
Illegal sale of liquor074
Sexual crimes, including bastardy, streetwalking, etc.671
Living from wife140
Non-support and desertion048
Profanity, reproachful speeches, evil speeches, etc.132
Extortion, oppression, shortweight, etc.75
Idle and disorderly322
Slander and libel13
Forgery03
Lying and perjury20
Breaking the Sabbath51
Misc. Putting oxen in field, absence from watch, neglect of a servant, etc.25—
Delinquency, cruelty to horse, adulterating drugs, automobile cases, junk dealers fines, etc.—39
————
Total101607
In 1643—7 were servants.
In 1915—251 were South European names and a large part of the remainder were Irish.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Plate No.
The Governor's "Fayre House," 1630 Colonial Village, Salem.1
English Merchant Vessel of about 1620.2
English Merchantman of 1655.3
Dutch Ship of about 1620.4
Governor John Endecott.5
Colonial Village of 1630, at Salem, Mass.6
English Wigwams.7
Framework of English Wigwams.7
Thatch-roofed Cottages.8
Interior of an English Wigwam.8
Front Entry and Stairs in the Governor's "Fayre House."9
Hall in the Governor's "Fayre House."10
Damme Garrison House, Dover, N. H.11
Corner of McIntyre Garrison House, York, Me.12
Corner of Bunker Garrison House, Durham, N. H.12
Fairbanks House, Dedham, Mass.13
Frame of the Fairbanks House, Dedham, Mass.14
Frame of the Whipple-Matthews House, Hamilton, Mass.15
Wattle and Daub in England.16
Corwin-"Witch House," Salem, Mass.16
Spencer-Pierce House, Newbury, Mass.17
Parson Capen House, Topsfield, Mass.18
Front Door of Parson Capen House.19
Front Entry and Stairs Parson Capen House.20
Overhang and Drops, Parson Capen House.21
John Ward House, Salem, Mass.22
Kitchen in John Ward House.22
Jethro Coffin House, Nantucket, Mass.23
Weatherboarding on Saxton House, Deerfield, Mass.24
Harvard College in 1726.25
Diamond-pane, Leaded Glass Sash.26
Crown Glass Window Sash.26
Framing Details, Moulthrop House, E. Haven, Conn.27
Wooden Latch of about 1710.28
Knocker, Latch and Bolt, Indian House, Deerfield.28
Wrought-Iron Door Latches.29
Parlor in John Ward House, Salem, Mass.30
Kitchen in John Ward House, Salem, Mass.30
Parlor in Parson Capen House, Topsfield, Mass.31
Kitchen in Parson Capen House, Topsfield, Mass.31
The Dash Churn.32
Court Cupboard of about 1660.33
Recessed Court Cupboard of about 1680.34
Oaken Chest on Frame of about 1655.35
Cane-Back Arm Chair, 1680-1690.36
Banister-Back Chair of about 1720.37
Leonard House, Raynham, Mass.[Page 52]
Quilting Party in the Olden Time.38
Counterpane made from a Blanket Sheet.39
Quilted Counterpane.40
Counterpane with Crewel-Work Decoration.41
John Winthrop, the Younger.42
Rev. Richard Mather.43
Doctor John Clarke.44
Mrs. Elizabeth (Paddy) Wensley.45
Mrs. Elizabeth (Clarke) Freake and Daughter Mary.46
Margaret Gibbs.47
Alice Mason.48
David, Joanna and Abigail Mason.49
Capt. Thomas Smith.50
Major Thomas Savage.51
Edward Rawson.[52]
Rebecca Rawson.53
Chief Justice Samuel Sewall.54
Rev. Cotton Mather.55
Nathan Fessenden and His Sister Caroline.56
Wellcurb at the John Ward House, Salem.57
The Sower.58
Tracing Seed Corn.59
A Farmyard Scene.60
Horses and a Rail Fence.61
Loading Hay on an Oxcart.62
Gundalow Loaded with Salt Hay.63
Brushing up the Hearth.64
An Old Hand Loom.65
Woman Smoking a Pipe.66
Title-Page of "The Day of Doom."67
Relief Portrait of Rev. Grindall Rawson.68
Gravestone of Mrs. Mary Rous, 1715.68
Gravestone of William Dickson, 1692.69
Gravestone of Capt. John Carter, 1692.69
Fire Back Cast in 1660.70
Price Sheet of Joseph Palmer.71
Weights and Values of Coins.72
Man using a Shingle Horse.73
An Old Basket Maker.74
Charcoal Burners Preparing a Kiln.75
Spinning with the Wool Wheel.76
Old-Time Hand Loom.77
Prospect of the Harbor and Town of Boston, 1723.78
View of Castle William and a Ship of War, 1729.79
View of Boston Light and an Armed Sloop, 1729.80
Ship "Bethel" of Boston, 1748.81
New England Shilling, 1650.82
Pine Tree Shilling, 1652.82
Willow Tree and Oak Tree Shilling, 1662.82
Massachusetts Paper Money of 1690.83
Massachusetts Parchment Money of 1722.84
Manufactory Bill of 1740.85
Massachusetts Paper Money of 1744.86
An Execution by Hanging.87
Seth Hudson's Speech from the Pillory.88
The Trial of Capt. John Quelch.89
Sermon on Some Miserable Pirates.90
John Bateman's House built in Boston in 1679.[Page 235]
Casement Window Frame and Sash.[Page 238]

SECTION
OF
ILLUSTRATIONS

The Governor's "Fayre House" in the 1630 Colonial Village at Salem

Plate 1