APPENDIX II
MANUAL OF THE LAWS OF WAR ON LAND
PREPARED BY THE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED AT ITS MEETING AT OXFORD ON SEPTEMBER 9, 1880[496]
PART I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
1. The state of war admits of the performance of acts of violence on the part only of the armed forces of the belligerent states.
Persons not forming part of a belligerent armed force must abstain from the performance of such acts.
A distinction being implied in the above rule between the individuals of whom the armed force of a state is composed and other subjects of a State, it becomes necessary to define an "armed force."
2. The armed force of a state comprehends—
§ 1. The army properly so called, including militia.
§ 2. National Guards Landsturm, and all corps which satisfy the following requirements: