20. The thumb contains a nose in length.
21. The inside of the arm, from the place where the muscle disappears, which is connected with the breast (called the pectoral muscle,) to the middle of the arm, four noses long.
22. From the middle of the arm, at the top, to the beginning of the head, five noses.
23. The longest toe is one nose.
24. The outermost parts of the paps, and the pit between the collar-bones of a female, form an equilateral triangle.
The knowledge of the preceding proportions, are as mere rudiments essential to the delineation of the human figure; but they relate to a body in a quiescent state only. The more difficult task remains to become thoroughly acquainted with its actions. To obtain this, a rudimental and even an intimate acquaintance with the skeleton, and assiduous and incessant practice are necessary.
However, the lectures delivered to the Royal Academy have furnished us with the probable extent to which the motions of the human frame may be carried.
First, premising that the motions of the head and trunk of the body are limited by the several joints of the spine.
2. The motion of the body upon the lower limbs takes place at the hip-joints, at the knees, and at the ancles.
3. Those limbs, called great limbs (the whole frame being technically divided, and denominated the upper and lower extremities), have rotatory motions at their junctions with the trunk, by means of a ball and socket joints, at the shoulders and the hips. The analogy of parts between the upper and lower extremities is not carried through the structure of those limbs in the body.