CHAPTER III.
MEMBERS OF THE HELLENIC AGGREGATE, SEPARATELY TAKEN. — GREEKS NORTH OF PELOPONNESUS.
Amphiktyonic races. — Non-Amphiktyonic races. — First period of Grecian history — from 776-560 B. C. — Second period — from 560-300 B. C. — Important differences between the two — the first period preparatory and very little known. — Extra-Peloponnesian Greeks (north of Attica) not known at all during the first period. — General sketch of them. — Greeks north of Thermopylæ. — Thessalians and their dependents. — Thessalian character. — Condition of the population of Thessaly — a villein race — the Penestæ. — Who the Penestæ were — doubtful. — Quadruple division of Thessaly. — Disorderly confederacy of the Thessalian cities. — Great power of Thessaly, when in a state of unanimity. — Achæans, Perrhæbi, Magnêtes, Malians, Dolopes, etc., all tributaries of the Thessalians, but all Amphiktyonic races. — Asiatic Magnêtes. — The Malians. — The Œtæi. — The Ænianes. — Lokrians, Phocians, Dorians. — The Phocians. — Doris — Dryopis. — Historical Dryopes. — The Ætolians. — The Akarnanians. — Ozolian Lokrians, Ætolians, and Akarnanians, were the rudest of all Greeks. — The Bœotians. — Orchomenus. — Cities of Bœotia. — Confederation of Bœotia. — Early legislation of Thebes. — Philolaus and Dioklês.
CHAPTER IV.
EARLIEST HISTORICAL VIEW OF PELOPONNESUS. DORIANS IN ARGOS AND THE NEIGHBORING CITIES.
Distribution of Peloponnesus about 450 B. C. — Continuous Dorian states. — Western Peloponnesus. — Northern Peloponnesus — Achaia. — Central region — Arcadia. — Difference between this distribution and that of 776 B. C. — Portions of the population which were believed to be indigenous Arcadians, Kynurians. Achæans. — Emigrant portions — Dorians, Ætolo-Eleians, Dryopes, Triphylians. — Legendary account of the Dorian emigration. — Alexandrine chronology from the return of the Herakleids to the first Olympiad. — Spartan kings. — Herakleid kings of Corinth. — Argos and the neighboring Dorians greater than Sparta in 770 B. C. — Early settlements of the Dorians at Argos and Corinth — Temenion — Hill of Solygeius. — Dorian settlers arrived by sea. — Early Dorians in Krete. — The Dryopians — their settlements formed by sea. — Dorian settlements in Argos quite distinct from those in Sparta and in Messenia. — Early position of Argos — metropolis of the neighboring Dorian cities. — Pheidôn the Temenid — king of Argos. — His claims and projects as representative of Hêraklês. — He claims the right of presiding at the Olympic games. — Relations of Pisa with Pheidôn, and of Sparta with Elis. — Conflict between Pheidôn and the Spartans, at or about the 8th Olympiad, 747 B. C. — Pheidôn the earliest Greek who coined money and determined a scale of weight. — Coincidence of the Æginæan scale with the Babylonian. — Argos at this time the first state in Peloponnesus. — Her subsequent decline, from the relaxation of her confederacy of cities. — Dorians in the Argolic peninsula — their early commerce with the Dorian islands in the Ægean. — From hence arose the coinage of money, etc., by Pheidôn. — Pheidonian coinage and statical scale — belong originally to Argos, not to Ægina.
CHAPTER V.