[Lectures], Plato’s revealed solution of difficulties, an untenable hypothesis, i. [401];
differ from dialogues in being given in his own name, [402];
of Protagoras, ii. [301];
contrasted with cross-examination, [277], [303];
dialectic a test of the efficacy of the expository process, i. [358];
worthless for instruction, ii. [136], [233 n.], iii. [33-5], [49], [52], [54], [337 n.];
difference in Timæus and Kritias, [53].
[Leges], authenticity, i. [304], [306], [338], iv. [325 n.], [389 n.], [429];
date, i. [313], [315], [324], iv. [272], [413 n.];
scene and persons, [272], [277];
change in Plato’s circumstances and feelings, [273], [320];
analogous to Euripides’ Bacchæ and Aristophanes’ Nubes, [277];
Xenophon compared, i. [244];
Plato’s purpose, to remedy all misconduct, iv. [369];
no evidence of Plato’s study of practical working of different institutions, [397];
large proportion of preliminary discussions and didactic exhortation, [281];
soul prior to and more powerful than body, [386], [419];
the good and the bad souls at work in universe, [386];
all things full of gods, [388];
Manichæanism in, [389 n.];
good identical with maximum of pleasure and minimum of pain, [292-297], [299-303];
at least an useful fiction, [333];
justice a good per se and from its consequences, [294];
what constitutes injustice, [367-9];
no man voluntarily wicked, [365], [367];
three causes of misguided proceedings, [366];
punishment, to deter or reform, [ib.], [408];
threefold division of good, [428];
virtue fourfold, [417];
the four virtues the highest, and source of all other, goods, [428];
unity of state’s end to be kept in view, [417];
the end is the virtue of the citizens, [ib.];
Nocturnal Council to comprehend and carry out this end, [416], [418], [425], [429];
and enforce orthodox creed, [419];
training of counsellors in Epinomis, [420], [424];
basis of Spartan institutions too narrow, [282];
Plato’s state, a compromise of oligarchical and democratical sentiment, [333], [337];
historical retrospect of society, [307-315];
frequent destruction of communities, [307];
difficulties of government, seven distinct natural titles to, [309];
view of the lot, [310];
imprudent to found government on any one title only, [ib.];
illustrated by Argos, Messênê, Sparta, [ib.];
Persia and Athens compared, [312];
monarchy and democracy the mother-polities, [ib.];
bad training of king’s sons, [ib.];
the Magnetic community, origin of, [274 n.];
its ὑπόθεσις, [328 n.];
site and settlers, [320], [329], [336];
circular form, unwalled, [344];
defence of territory, rural police, [335];
Spartan Kryptia compared, [336];
test of laws, goodness of ethical purpose and working, [284];
general coincidence of Platonic and Attic law, [363 n.], [374], [374 n.], [403], [406], [430];
many of Plato’s laws are discharges of ethical antipathy, [411];
state’s laws, with their proëms, [321];
the proëms, didactic or rhetorical homilies, [322];
Cicero on, [ ib. n.];
to serve as type for poets, [323];
training of the emotions through influence of the Muses, Apollo and Dionysus, [290], [347];
endurance of pain in Spartan discipline, [285];
drunkenness forbidden at Sparta, how far justifiable, [286];
citizens tested against pleasure, [285];
Dionysiac banquets, under a sober president, [289];
elders require stimulus of wine, [297];
precautions in electing minister of education, [338];
age, and matter of teaching, [348], [350];
the teaching simple and common to both sexes, [351];
music and dancing, [291];
three choruses, youths, mature men, and elders, [296], [305];
elders, by example, to keep up purity of music, [297];
prizes at musical and gymnastic festivals, [292], [337];
but object of training, war, not prizes, [358];
importance of music in education, [305];
musical and literary education, fixed type, [292], [338], [349];
poets to conform to ethical creed, [292-7];
change for worse at Athens after Persian invasion, [313];
this change began in music, [314];
contrast in Demosthenes and Menexenus, [315 n.], [318];
dangers of change in national music, doctrine also of Damon, [315];
Plato’s aversion to dramatic poetry of Athens, [316], [350];
peculiar to himself, [317];
value of arithmetic, [330 n.];
purpose of teaching astronomy, [354];
planets, Plato’s idea of motions of, [ib.];
circular motion best, [388], [389];
hunting, meaning of, [356];
hunting, how far permitted, [355];
for religion, oracles of Dodona and Delphi to be consulted, [325], [337];
temples and priests, [337];
number of sacrifices determined by lawgiver, [357];
only state worship allowed, [378];
contrast with Sokratic teaching, iii. [148];
Milton on, iv. [379 n.];
necessity of enforcing state religion, [378];
ὕβρις to divine things or places, [375];
proëm to laws against, [383];
impiety, from one of three heresies, [376];
punishment, [376-9];
majority of Greek world would have been included in one of the three varieties, [381];
first heresy confuted, [386];
argument inconsistent and unsatisfactory, [388];
second confuted, [389];
the third the worst, [384];
confuted, [391];
incongruity of Plato’s doctrine, [393];
dissent of Herodotus and Sokrates, [394];
opposition to Plato’s doctrine in Greece, [395];
general Greek belief, [392], [394];
division of citizens and land, twelve tribes, [329];
four classes, property qualification for magistracies and voters, [331];
perpetuity of lots of land, [326], [360];
Aristotle on, [326 n.];
succession, [328];
number of citizens, [326], [328];
Aristotle on, [326 n.];
syssitia, [344], [359];
same duties and training for women as men, [195];
family ties mischievous, but cannot practically be got rid of, [327];
to be watched over by magistrates, [328];
marriage, [ ib.], [332], [342], [344], [359], [405], [406];
board of Matrons, [345];
divorce, [406];
treatment of infants, [346];
orphans, guardians, [404], [406];
limited inequality tolerated as to movable property, [330];
modes of acquiring property, [397];
length of prescription for ownership, [415];
no private possession of gold or silver, no loans or interest, [331];
slavery, [342], [400];
Aristotle differs, [343 n.];
distribution of annual produce, [361];
each artisan only one trade, [ib.];
retailers, regulations about, [ib.], [401];
punishment for fraud, [402];
Benefit Societies, [399];
Metics, [362];
strangers and foreign travel of citizens, [414];
electoral scheme, [333];
thirty-seven nomophylakes, [332];
assisted by select Dikasts, [362];
many details left to, [341];
the council, and other magistrates, [335];
limited power of fining, [360];
military commanders and council, [332];
monthly military muster of whole population, [358];
oaths for dikasts, judges, and electors only, [413];
penal ties against contentious litigation, [410];
judicial duties, public and private causes, [339];
public, three stages, [340], [415];
witnesses, [409];
distinction of damage and injury, [365];
sacrilege and high treason the gravest crimes, [363];
abuse of public trust, [412];
evasion of military service, [412];
homicide, penalties, [370];
varieties of, [370-2];
wounds and beating, [372], [373], [408];
poison and sorcery, [407];
neglect of parents, [ib.];
lunacy, [ib.];
libels, [409];
theft, [364], [409];
suretyship, [415];
mendicants, [409];
funerals, [415];
compared with earlier works, [275], [280];
Cyropædia, [319];
Protagoras, [301];
Gorgias, ii. [362], iv. [301-2], [324];
Phædrus, [ib.];
Philêbus, [301];
Republic, [298 n.], [302], [319], [327], [390], [429];
Timæus, [389 n.]
[Lehrsch], iii. [308 n.], [309 n.]
[Leibnitz], interdependence of nature, ii. [248 n.];
agreement with Plato’s metaphysics, [ ib.];
pre-existence of soul, [ ib.];
natural significant aptitude of letters, iii. [313 n.];
on a philosophical language, [322 n.]
[Lenormant], iii. [306 n.]
[Leukippus], i. [65], [66], iii. [243 n.]
[Lewis, Sir G. C.], ancient astronomy, iv. [355 n.], [424 n.]
[Liberty], excess of, at Athens, iv. [312].
[Libraries], ancient, i. [270], [278 n.], [280], [286];
copying by librarii and private friends, [281 n.], [284 n.];
official MSS., [ib.];
see [Alexandrine], [Lykeum], [Academy].
Lichtenstädt, iv. [256 n.]