Authors and their public in ancient times

by George Haven Putnam

INDEX.

• A
• Abernethy, Dr., the case of, [78]
• Abicht, cited, [86]
• Abu Simbel, temple of, [58]
• Açoka, the edicts of, [44]
• Agadê, discoveries in, [8]
• Aldus Manutius, of Venice, reintroduces Greek literature into Europe, [295]
• Alexander, correspondence of, with Aristotle, [81]; recites Euripides, [100]; buys books in Athens, [111]
• Alexandria, as a book-mart, [116]; literary activity of, under the Ptolemies, [127]; concentration of existing Greek manuscripts in, [131]; the writers of, [132]; advantageous position of, [139]; publishing methods of, [140]
• Alexandrian Canon, the, [134]
• Alexandrian Museum and Library, organization of, [128]; wholesale purchases for, [131]; publishing undertakings of, [141]
• Alexandrian School, literature of the, [129]
• Alexandrian school of theology, writers of the, [146]
• Alexis, writer of comedies, [96]
• Alphabet, invention of, in China, [23]
• American literature, relations of, with Great Britain, [172]
• Anaxagoras, charged with heresies, [97]; quoted by Socrates, [98]
• Andronicus of Rhodes, [117]
• Andronicus of Tarentum, the first Latin playwright, [176]
• Antigonus Gonatas sends scribes to Zeno, [113]
• Antioch, as a literary centre, [139]; the library of, dispersed, [140]
• Antipater, the Histories of, [180]
• Antiphanes of Rhodes, [103]
• Antiquarii, definition of, [183]
• Antoninus, Marcus Aurelius, the Meditations of, [260]
• Apellikon, a collector of books, [117]
• Appollonius, work of, on conic sections, [132]
• Apuleius, the writings of, [261]
• Arabian Nights, the, [49]
• Aratus, the astronomer, [132]
• Archilochus, [59]
• Aretades, the sophist, [69]
• Argiletum, the street the booksellers’ quarter, [239]
• Aristomenes, The Deceivers of, [103]
• Aristophanes, charged with plagiarism, [71]; The Frogs of, [71], [94]
• Aristophanes, the grammarian, [74]
• Aristotle, criticised by Cephisodorus, [80]; writings of, [80-82]; relations with Alexander, [81]; the library of, bequeathed to Neleus, buried by heirs of Neleus, sold to Apellikon, taken to Rome by Sylla, used by Tyrannion, [90], [117]
• Artemon, a grammarian, [96]
• Assyrian literature, preservation of, [152]
• Athanasius, [146]
• Athenæus, on libraries and book-collectors, [89]; cited, [89], [95], [96], [100], [142]
• Athens, the public library of, taken to Persia by Xerxes, restored by Seleucus, [89]; the book-shops of, [114]
• Attali, the rivalry of, with the Ptolemies in collecting manuscripts, [116]
• Atticus, sojourn of, in Athens, [117]; brings manuscripts to Rome, [118]; organizes a publishing establishment, [184]; issues Greek classics, [184]; relations with Cicero, [186], [190]
• “Attikians,” term given to editions issued by Atticus, [184]
• Attilius, put to death for permitting the Sibylline books to be copied, [244]
• Augustan Age, Writers of the, [202], [204]
• Augustus orders the pseudo-Sibylline books to be burned, [264]
• B
• Bark of trees used for writing by the Homeric Greeks, [155]
• Barthelémi, his Travels of Anacharsis cited, [76]
• Basil II., directs the writing of the Basilics, [287]; writes histories of Rome and Greece, [288]
• Berosus, translations by, [139]
• Birt, cited, [89], [104], [110], [130], [141], [142], [153], [155], [249], [256], [263]
• Boeckh, cited, [92], [97]
• Boëthius, described by Hodgkin, [280]; writings of, [280]
• Bologna, influence of the University of, in publishing undertakings, [295]
• Book collecting fashionable in Rome after the first century, [125]
• Bookmaking terms in Rome borrowed from Alexandria, [162]
• Book of Odes, the (in China), [23]
• Book of the Dead, the, [12-14]
• Books, in Alexandria, divisions of, [143]; ancient, materials used for, [149]; distribution and sale of, throughout the Empire, [255]; when considered injurious proceeded against under the criminal law, [267]; average duration of the copies, [271]
• Booksellers, crucified by Domitian, [244]; in Rome, principal customers of, [245]
• Bookselling in Athens, the business of, [102]; referred to in the comedies, [102]
• Book-shops in Rome, decrease of, after Constantine, [275]
• Book terminology, [149]
• Book-trade of Rome influenced by the removal of the capital, [276]
• Boustrophedon, the, [57]
• Brahmanic priests, the writings of the, [45]
• Breulier, A., on literary property in Greece, cited, [55], [90]
• Bruns, cited, [83]
• Buchsenschutz, cited, [97]
• Buddha, or Gautama, the work of, [45]
• Burckhardt, cited, [265], [266]
• Bursian, cited, [247]
• Byzantine Court, literary interests of, [283]; writers attached to the, [290]
• Byzantine literature, characteristics of, [289]; described by Gibbon, [290]
• Byzantine State, characterized by Lecky, [291]; character of, analyzed by Oman, [292]
• Byzantium, the scribes of, [290]
• C
• Cæcilius, comedies of, [179]
• Caligula, undertakes to suppress the writings of Homer, [264]; orders taken from the libraries the busts and the writings of Virgil and Livy, [264]
• Callimachus, poet and editor, describes the Alexandrian Library, [130], [137]
• Calvisius, pays high prices for scribes, [181]
• Carthage, the literary school of, [261]
• Cassiodorus, writings of, [279]
• Cato, the Origines of, [180]
• Caunus, inhabitants of, admirers of Euripides, [99]
• Cecrops, the Milesian, edits poems of Hesiod, [66]
• Censorship of books under the Emperors, [264]
• Cephisodorus, cited, [80]
• Cephisophon, slave of Euripides, [91]
• Chabas, discoverer of the Prisse papyrus, [15]
• Chaldea, early literature of, [5-9]; authors of, [8]
• Chaldean “books,” methods of preparing, [150]
• Chares, slave of Lycon, [115]
• Cheops, or Khufa, [12]
• China, beginnings of literature in, [22]; first use of written characters in, [23]; first printing in, [29]
• Chinese authors, rewards of, [37]
• Chinese classics, the early, [30]
• Chinese literature, the golden age of, [36]
• Chinese writing materials, [28]
• Church of Rome, influence of, on literary production and on the preservation of books, [274]
• Cicero, to Atticus concerning De Finibus, [79]; reference of, to Hermodorus, [79]; birth of, [180]; relations with Atticus, [186-190]; right to publish the works of, purchased by Dorus, [244]; Ad Quintum cited, [247]; De Finibus cited, [249]
• Clearchus, library of, [91]
• Clement, Paul, on literary property in Greece, cited, [54], [62], [77], [90]; on plagiarism in Greece, [77]
• Codex Argenteus, [284]
• Codex Parisinus of Demosthenes, authority for, [124]
• College, the Royal, of Constantinople, [286]
• Comedy, derivation of the term, [65]
• Comnena, Anna, writes the Alexias, [288]
• Comum, the library of, [246]
• Confucius, [24], [25], [27]
• Constantine orders the writings of Arius to be burned, [266]
• Constantine Porphyrogenitus, the writings of, [286]
• Constantinople, established as the capital of the Empire, [282]; literary production in, [282]; the Royal College of, [286]; the fall of, [292]; destruction of manuscripts in, [292]
• Cordus, the impecunious, [247]
• Corea, early printing in, [29]
• Corinth, capture of, [116]
• Crassus, Marcus, educates slaves as copyists, [183]
• Cratinus, The Mechanics of, [103]
• Cruttwell, cited, [252]
• Ctesias, cited, [158]
• Cyril, Bishop of Alexandria, [146]
• D
• Demetrius, the Cynic, [100]
• Demetrius Phalerius, reference of, to the Alexandrian Library, [130]
• Democritus, on the Science of Nature, [83]
• Demosthenes, [69], [109]
• Developments, the Book of, [24]
• Dieulafoy, work of, in Chaldea, [7]
• Diocletian, orders the destruction of works on alchemy, [265]; orders the books of the Manichæans to be burned, [265]; orders the Scriptures of the Christians to be destroyed, [266]
• Diogenes Akritas, [289]
• Diogenes Laërtius, cited, [88], [112-115], [119], [155], [263]
• Dionysius of Halicarnassus, [112]
• Diphtherai (dressed skins), use of, [138]
• Domitian, restores libraries burned by Nero, [247]; orders books from Alexandria, [247]
• Dorus purchases the “remainders” of the editions of Cicero, [244]
• Drumann, cited, [118]
• E
• Eckhard on the term “grammarians,” [136]
• Editions of Roman publications, [255]
• Edwards, Amelia B., version of the Tale of Two Brothers, [20]
• Egypt, early literature of, [10-20]
• Egyptian Märchen, [21]
• English dramatists, relations of, with French literature, [171]
• Ennius, the “father of Latin literature,” his Sicilian cookery-book, [178]
• Epaphroditus, the library of, [249]
• Ephesus, curious books burned in, [118]
• Etruscans, the inscriptions of, [57]
• Euclid, [132]
• Eudocia, the Empress, writings of, [283]
• Eudocia, wife of Romanus, writes treatise on the genealogies of the gods, [288]
• Eumenes II., furthers the production of parchment, [158]
• Euphorion, plagiarism of, [76]
• Eupolis, refers to booksellers, [104]
• Euripides, library of, [91]; popularity of the songs of, [99]; recitations from, by Alexander, [100]; the Bacchantes of, [101]
• Eusebius, on the duration of books, [271]
• Eustathius I., writings of, [288]
• F
• Fei-ke-mono-gatari, the (Annals), [42]
• Flood, the, Chaldean account of, [9]
• Folk-songs of India, [45]
• Freeman, on Athenian audiences, [86]
• French, the literary language of the eighteenth century, [171]
• Fronto, the writings of, [261]
• Fu-hi, the Emperor, [22]
• G
• Gaius on immaterial property, [269]
• Galen, cited, [124], [157]
• Gâthas, the hymns of Persia, [47]
• Gautama, or Buddha, the work of, [45]
• Gellius, Aulus, cited, [81], [89], [246]
• Géraud, on the influence of the priestly caste on literature, [56]; on the journey of Trajan, [164]
• Gibbon, on the Royal College of Constantinople, [285]; on the library of Photius, [287]; on the histories of Anna Comnena, [288]
• Gnosticism in Alexandria, [147]
• Golden Meadows, the, of El-Mesoudee, [49]
• Gospels, the Gothic version of, [284]
• “Grammarians,” the, of the Alexandrian Academy, [133]
• “Grammarians” as buyers of books, [248]
• Greece, the early literature of, [53]; introduction of the alphabet into, 56; reading and writing in early, [61]
• Greek books, costliness of, [93]
• Greek classics, distribution of, throughout the Empire, [262]
• Greek manuscripts, careless copying of, referred to by Strabo, [120]
• Greek language and literature, the knowledge of, throughout Europe furthered by the fall of Constantinople, [294]
• Greek, the literary language of early Rome, [116], [166]; the language of higher education in later Rome, [259]
• Greek written characters, first example of, [58]
• Greeks, the trained memories of, [106], [107], [108]
• Gutenberg and his printing-press, [295]
• H
• Hammer, von, cited, [49]
• Harpalus, friend of Alexander, [111]; purchases books in Athens, [111]
• Hebrew literature, the golden age of, [50], [52]
• Hebrews, early literature of, [49]
• Heeren, editor of the works of Stobæus, [287]
• Hercules, prefers cookery to poetry, [96]
• Hermann, cited, [98]
• Hermes Trismegistus, [11]
• Hermetic books of Egypt, [11]
• Hermodoros sells reports of Plato’s lectures, [78]
• Hermogenes of Tarsus killed by Domitian, [245]
• Herodotus, the Histories of, [84-86]; in Thurium, [85]; cited, [155]
• Hesiod, poems of, [66]; his Works and Days, [66]
• Hezar Afsaneh, the (the thousand fanciful stories), [49]
• Hezekiah, the age of, [50]
• Hoang-ti, the Emperor, invents decimal system, etc., [23]
• Hodgkin, T., his Theodoric the Goth cited, [281]
• Homeric poems, collected under Pisistratus, [66]
• Hommel, Fritz, work of, in Chaldea, [7]
• Horace, on the cost of learned slaves, [181]; on plagiarists, [202]
• Hostius, the Histories of, [180]
• Hwang-ti, the Emperor, issues an index expurgatorius, [33]; orders destruction of classic literature, [34]
• I
• Iliad, miniature copy of the, described by Pliny, [118]
• India, earliest literature of, [44]
• Indian monasteries, manuscripts in the, [46]
• Indian writers, compensation of, [46]
• Indian writing materials, [46]
• Iran and Turan, [48]
• Isaiah, cited, [145]
• Isocrates, price paid him for discourses, [77]; cited, [88]; his letters to Philip, [109]; the Parathenaicus of, [110]
• Italicus, the libraries of, [249]
• Izanaghi and Izanami, creators of the Japanese world, [40]
• J
• Japan, early literature of; early writing materials, [39], [40]
• Japan, the theatre of, [42]
• Japanese authors, the rewards of, [43]
• Jerome, controversial letters of, [267]
• Jevons, Hist. Greek Lit. cited, [58-63]
• Jewish law, the, against false words, [52]
• Johnson’s Universal Cyclopedia, cited, [156]
• Josephus, reference of, to the Alexandrian Library, [130]
• Judæa, early literature of, [49]
• Jurists of Rome on immaterial property, [267]
• Justinian, opinion in the Institutes of, on immaterial property, [269]
• Juvenal, cited, [247]; on the poet’s profession, [252]
• K
• Kallinus, the scribe, [115]
• Karpeles on early Egyptian literature, [12-16]; on literature in China, [23]
• Khufa or Cheops, [12]
• Kingsley’s Hypatia, [146]
• Kiriath Sepher, or the Quarter of the Grammarians, [136]
• Klostermann, on Roman jurisprudence, [268]
• Kang-Hi, the Emperor, interested in printing, [29]
• Krates, the Cynic, [114]
• L
• Labeo, the jurist, writings of, [255]
• Lamothe, cited, [75]
• Latin, the literary language of mediæval Europe, [171]
• Latin language, discontinuance of, in the Greek Empire, [285]
• Latin literature affected by the removal of the capital to Byzantium, [276]
• Layard, Sir Henry, discoveries in Chaldea, [5]; cited, [149]
• Lead, sheets of, used for public documents, [154]
• Legge, on early Chinese literature, [23]
• Leo the Isaurian, [285]
• Leo the Wise, writings of, [286]
• Libellous publications, punishments for the circulation of, [245]; when held to be treasonable, [267]
• Libraries, in Rome, [245]; in the public baths and in country houses, [249]; renewals of books in, [270]
• Library, of the Temple of Apollo, [245]; of the College in Athens, [247]
• Li-ki, the, or Book of Conduct, [32]
• Linen sheets, use of, for private records, [154]
• Linus, instructor of Hercules, [96]
• “Literary Emperors,” the, of Constantinople, [286]
• Literature, the beginnings of, [1]
• Livy, Histories of, published by Dorus, [196]
• Lollianus, Mavertius, [262]
• Lucian, cited, [84], [100]; criticises the bad work done by the Athenian publishers, [123]; works of, in demand thirty years after the author’s death, [250]
• Lucretius, on The Nature of Things, [196]
• Lucullus brings to Rome books from Athens, [116]
• Lün-yü, the, or Conversations, [32]
• Lycon, Peripatetic philosopher, [115]
• Lycophron, [132]
• M
• Ma, Egyptian goddess of truth, [11]
• Macedonia, book collectors in, [96]
• Mæcenas, his influence on literary production, [251]
• Mahaffy, on use of memory in Greece, [63]; on the writings of Hesiod, 66; on Athenian audiences, [86]; analyzes the character of Alexandrian literature, [135]; describes the Alexandrian University, [129]
• Manuscripts, destruction of, in Constantinople, [292]; taken by Greek scholars to Italy and Germany, [293]
• Man-yo-sin, the (collection of ballads), [41]
• Marcellinus, cited, [87]
• Martial, the library of, [250]; on plagiarism, [204]; on the compensation of authors, [233], [252]; on presentation copies, [208], [209], [210]; on the prices of his books, [214]; his four publishers, [216]; as an advertiser and as a blackmailer, [206], [253]
• Massilia, as a centre of higher education, [259]
• Maternus, Firmicus, the Mathesis of, [262]
• Meineke, cited, [103], [104], [156]
• Melanippides, the poetry of, [105]
• Ménant, cited, [151]
• Mencius, the work of, [28]
• Mengtsze, the, [32]
• Metamorphoses, the Book of the, [24]
• Mnaseas, father of Zeno, [111]
• Moore’s Lectures, cited, [134]
• Müller, on Aristophanes, cited, [94], [95]
• N
• Nepos, Cornelius, his Life of Atticus, [175]
• Niceratus, [106]
• Nichomachus, the arithmetician, [132]
• Nicocles pays Isocrates for discourses, [77]
• Nicophon refers to booksellers, [103]
• Nineveh, royal library of, [5]
• Notarii, definition of, [183]
• Nü Kiai, the, or Female Precepts, [35]
• O
• Oman, C. W. C., on Byzantine literary history, [285]; the Byzantine Empire, [286]
• Origen refers to the “swift writers of Alexandria,” [125]
• P
• Palimpsest, or codex rescriptus, [161]
• Pammachius attempts to suppress letters of St. Jerome, [266]
• Pan Chao, a female historian, [35]
• Papyrus, cost of, in Greece, [94]; monopoly of, in Alexandria, [138]; disappearance of, in Egypt, [144]; used for cordage, [154]; destructibility of, [270]
• Papyrus rolls, size of, [141]
• Parchment, invention of, [137]
• Paris, influence of the University of, in publishing undertakings, [295]
• Paul orders books burned in Ephesus, [118]
• Penta-on, the poem of, [17]
• Pergamentum, derivation of term, [138]
• Pergamum, as a literary centre, [138]; the royal library of, presented by Antony to Cleopatra, [89]; the library of, transferred to Alexandria, [140]
• Pericles reduces price of seats in theatre, [76]
• Persia, earliest literature of, [47]
• Persian priests, [48]; poets, [48]; minstrels, [48]; story-tellers, [48]; reciters, [49]; writing materials, [49]
• Peters, Jno. P., work of, in Chaldea, [7]; on the age of Hezekiah, [50], [51]
• Petronius, cited, [249]
• Phædon of Elis, [105]
• Philoxenus of Cythera, [105]
• Photius, cited, [91]; the library catalogue of, [287]
• Pi-Shing invents printing from movable type, [29]
• Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens, [65]; bequeaths his books to Athens, [89]
• Piso, the annals of, [180]
• Plagiarism, in Greece, [73]; in Alexandria, [74]; in Rome, [204]
• Plato, influence of, on the literary life of Athens, [77]; lectures of, [78]; the Timæus of, [72], [124]; reference of, to the book-trade of Athens, [97]; writer of comedies, [103]
• Plautus, earns money by his comedies, [179]; loses money as a miller, [179]
• Pliny, gives a library to Comum, [246]; on the service to literature rendered by Varro, [256]; on the importance of papyrus, [259]; on the duration of books, [271]; letters of, cited, [153], [249], [255], [265]
• Plutarch, the plagiarism of, [73]; cited, [84], [89], [110], [111], [116], [157]
• Porphyry of Tyre, writings of, [266]
• Priests of Egypt, connection with the Book of the Dead, [14]
• Printing, invention of, in China, [29]
• Priscus, poems of, on Germanicus and on Drusus, [251]; put to death by the Senate, [252]
• Prisse papyrus, the, [15]
• Procopius, writings of, [285]
• Proculus on immaterial property, [268]
• Prodicus, a poem of, [96]
• Pronapis initiates writing from left to right, [57]
• Protagoras, receives pay for instruction, [84]; writings of, burned as heretical, [119]
• Psammaticus, king, [58]
• Ptah-Hotep, the Precepts of, [14], [15]
• Ptolemies, rivalry of, with the Attali in collecting books, [116]
• Ptolemy Soter founds the Alexandrian Museum, [128]
• Ptolemy Philadelphus, develops the Alexandrian Museum into an Academy and University, [128]; prohibits export of papyrus, [138]
• Publishers of Greece do not associate their names with the works issued by them, [121]
• Q
• Quintilian, salary of, as state rhetorician, [254]
• R
• Ragozin, Story of Chaldea, [10], [151]
• Rameses II., Reign of, [17], [18]
• Rangabé, cited, [94]
• Rawlinson, George, summary of Egyptian literature, [18], [19]
• Rawnsley, H. D., Notes for the Nile, [15]; metrical versions of Egyptian hymns, [17]
• Reciting in Greece of literary productions, [64]
• Regulus, M. Aquilus, writes the memoir of his son, [255]
• Renouard, on Jewish plagiarism, [52]; cited, [244], [267]
• Rhapsodists, the, of Greece, [64]
• Rhodes, a centre of book production, [116]
• Ritsche, cited, [156]
• Ritter, cited, [117]
• Rolls, of papyrus, size of, [141]
• Roman authors, as “appropriators,” [166]; their difficulties in securing a public, [168]
• Roman jurists on immaterial property, [267]
• Roman literature, beginnings of, [163]
• Roman publishers, business connection of, with Alexandria, [170]
• Roman Republic gives no aid to literary undertakings, [174]
• Romances of chivalry in Byzantium, [289]
• Rome, becomes a literary centre, [146]; capture of, by Alaric, [278]; capture of, by Odoacer, [279]; capture of, by Theodoric, [279]; influence of Greece upon the early literature of, [165]
• Rozoir’s Dictionnaire, cited, [69]
• Rustem, the legend of, [48]
• Rusticus, Junius, Laudation by, [265]
• S
• Sabinus, Petronius, copies the Sibylline books, [244]
• Sabinus on immaterial property, [268]
• Sammoaicus, the library of, [249]
• Sanscrit literature, the earliest, [44]
• Sapor II. and the Avesta, [48]
• Sauppe on the Codex Parisinus of Demosthenes, [124]
• Scævola, the Annales Maximi of, [180]
• Schaefer, cited, [109]
• Schi-king, the, [32]
• Schmitz, W., on writers and booksellers in Greece, cited, [55], [90], [98], [111]
• Scholars of Byzantium scattered through Europe after the capture of the city, [293]
• Schöll, cited, [134]
• Schu, the, (“books,”) in China, [30]
• Schu-king, the, [31]
• Scribes, in Egypt, [20]; in Athens, [105]; in Alexandria, [137]
• Seneca, cited, [181], [244]
• Senecio, Herennius, the Laudation by, [265]
• Septuagint, the, begun in Alexandria 285 B.C., [136]
• Servus literatus, requirements for a, [182]
• Sibylline books, ownership in, claimed by the State, [234]
• Sigean inscription, [57]
• Simcox, cited, [163], [177], [178], [179], [245], [250-253], [255], [260], [261]
• Skytale, the, [60]
• Smith, George, work in London and in Chaldea, [5], [7], [150]
• Smyrna, the library of, [247]
• Solon, the laws of, [57]
• Songs (Chinese), the Book of, [24]
• Sophists, the, [65]
• Sosii, the, [202]
• Soto-oro-ime, Empress and poet, [41]
• Stahr’s Aristotle, cited, [90]
• Statius, the Thebaïd of, [254]
• Stella, his poem on the “Wars of the Giants,” [251]
• St. John, Second Epistle of, written on papyrus, [160]
• Stobæus, the writings of, [286]
• Strabo, refers to incorrect text of Greek manuscripts, [120]; refers to bookmaking in Alexandria, [137]; complains as to the inaccuracy of books, [182]
• Suetonius, his Life of Domitian, cited, [244], [247], [264]; his Ludicra, [260]
• Suidas, cited, [76], [154]; reference of, to Hermodoros, [79]; the Lexicon of, [288]; the plays of, [288]
• Susanoo arranges sounds into syllables, [40]
• Sylla, a collector of Greek books, [117]; purchases the manuscripts of Aristotle and Theophrastus, [117]
• Syria, under the Seleucids, a home of Hellenism, [139]
• T
• Tablets of baked clay, [149]
• Tablets of wax, known to Homer, in use with the Romans, [154]
• Tacitus, the Agricola of, cited, [265]
• Tacitus, the Emperor, orders the histories of his ancestor to be placed in the public libraries, [257]
• Tacitus, the historian, cited, [251]; education of, [257]; writings of, [258]
• Tagenistæ, the, of Aristophanes, [61]
• Telegraph, the London, employs George Smith in Chaldea, [6]
• Temple, the copyists of the, [52]
• Terence, translates plates from the Greek, [179]; receives pay for stage-rights, [225]
• Tertullian, the writings of, [261]
• Testament, the New, almost the only literary production of importance in Syrian Greek, [139]
• Theatre, in Greece, cost of admission to, [76]
• Theocritus, work of, in Alexandria, [132]
• Theognis, the Megarian, the device of, [61]
• Theological writings distributed without profit to their authors, [147]
• Theopompus, the Philippics of, [72]; refers to booksellers, [103]
• Thoth-Hermes, god of wisdom and literature, [11]
• Thucydides, listens to Herodotus, [86]; the daughter of, [87]
• Tiberius orders certain historical writings taken from the libraries, [264]
• Tibullus gives copies of his books to the Palatine Library, [246]
• Tibur, the library of, [246]
• Timon, [132]
• Tiron, the freedman and friend of Cicero, [184]
• Trajan, Asiatic expeditions of, [164]
• Tribonianus on immaterial property, [268]
• Trimalchio, the libraries of, [249]
• Tschun-tshien, the, [32]
• Tsengtze, the work of, [28]
• Type first used in China, [29]
• Tyrannion edits writings of Aristotle, [90], [120]
• Tzetzes, John, describes the Alexandrian Library, [130]; the Chiliads of, [288]
• U
• Ulfilas translates the Bible into Gothic, [284]
• Undertakers, the, of Egypt, the first booksellers, [13]
• V
• Varro, the writings of, [256]
• Vedas, the, [44], [45]
• Vendidad, the, [47]
• Virey, P., translation of Ptah-Hotep’s Precepts, [16]
• Virgil, the Æneid of, [198]
• Visparad, the, [47]
• Vitruvius, cited, [74]
• W
• Wade, Sir Thomas, cited, [36]
• Wang Pih-ho, compiles a horn-book, [36]
• Wilkinson, cited, [145], [152]
• Williams, S. Wells, quoted, [27-36]
• Women as scribes, [183]
• X
• Xenophon, home of, at Scillus, [88]; his method in the Anabasis, [88]; completes the Cyropædia, [88]; death of, [88]; literary undertakings of, [88]; reference of, to books saved from a wreck, [101]
• Y
• Yasna, the, [47]
• Yescht-Sade, the, [47]
• Yih, the councillor, [31]
• Y-king, the, or Book of the Metamorphoses, [24]
• Z
• Zeller, cited, [82]
• Zend-Avesta, the, [47]
• Zeno, the shipwreck of, [113]
• Zenodotus establishes the first grammar-school in Athens, [133]
• Zoroaster, or Zarathustra, [47]

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Story of Chaldea, 260.

[2] Revue Archæol., 1857.

[3] Rawnsley, Notes for the Nile. London and New York, 1892.

[4] Ancient Egypt, American edition, i., 106, 107.

[5] Karpeles, Gesch. der Litt. des Orient., i., 10.