[7] Mormon leader and preacher, died in 1877, leaving seventeen wives.
[8] The establishment of bona fide membership of either of the above-mentioned religious societies (inter alia) by a "conscientious objector" was recognized by Military Service Tribunals (acting under official instructions) as sufficient cause for a verdict of exemption.
[9] "Rationalism in Europe," 1913 edition, p. 167.
[10] "Conscience, its Origin and Authority" (1915).
[11] "Conscience, its Origin and Authority," p. 150.
[12] "Orthodoxy," p. 137, quoted by G. L. Richardson.
II THE VALIDITY OF MORAL JUDGMENTS
Any investigation of the phenomenon of moral conduct, and of its interpretation, brings us face to face with two sets of conflicting theories. These may, for convenience, be roughly divided into the two principal schools of thought which have been termed respectively the "Moral Sense" or "Intuitive" schools and the "Rationalistic schools of ethics." Certain writers in their search for the springs of moral conduct have attempted to place the issue between Naturalism or Determinism (by no means synonymous or necessarily connected) on the one side, and Theism on the other[13]; and, in their eagerness to discredit the former to the advantage of the latter, imagine they demolish Determinism (at any rate in the ethical sphere) by "pushing it to its logical conclusion" and by showing that it "has connected completely and indissolubly, as far as observation can carry us, mind with matter; it has established a functional relation to exist between every fact of thinking, willing or feeling, on the one side, and some molecular change in the body on the other side, and man, with all his ways and works, is simply a part of nature, and can, by no device of thought, be detached from or set above it."[14]