IX 18. Culicidæ: the true gnats or mosquitoes; 5 genera, 18 native species; three common, including Culex pipiens; larvæ abundant about marshy land and everywhere in water from which fish are absent, even in brackish water, but particularly in the stagnant water of small pools and vessels.
X 19a. Dixidæ: a few small and gnat-like flies; larvæ aquatic.
XI 21. Ptychopteridæ: larvæ in shallow muddy pools.
XII 23. Limnobidæ: 32 genera and more than 100 species; generally marsh and fen slender flies, large and small, rather resembling "crane-flies"; the larvæ live some in decaying vegetable matter, some in fungi, some are aquatic, and some are unknown; two species called "winter-gnats," genus Trichocera, are very common.
XIII 24. Tipulidæ: true crane-flies or daddy-long-legs; about 60 species; larvæ (leather-jackets) underground in turf, or in decadent matter.
XIV 8. Rhyphidæ: three native species; slender and of medium size; larvæ in rotting vegetable matter.
XV 28. Stratiomyidæ: 12 genera, 40 or more species; proboscis imperfect; wings rather small in comparison with the body, which is free from hairiness; a few are those large and conspicuously bright-coloured flies, which are called "soldier-flies"; the larvæ of the genus Stratiomys are known as "star-tailed" maggots.
XVI 30. Tabanidæ: breeze-flies; ocelli absent; the short well-developed proboscis of the blood-sucking female pierces the skin of mammalia; the abdomen is somewhat pubescent, never hairy; semi-blind; larvæ in damp earth, predaceous.
XVII 31, 37. Leptidæ: a family of few species resembling some Empidæ rather than the flies of any preceding family. Leptis scolopacea is a large fly, common in meadows, yellowish body with black spots.
XVIII 40. Asilidæ: the "robber-flies," which are more boldly voracious than any other raptorial flies, preying on winged insects, large and small; terrestrial predaceous larvæ.