TWIN-SCREW CARGO STEAMER.
Length, 358 feet. Beam, 46 feet. Draft, 23 feet. Displacement, 8270 tons.
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U. S. TORPEDO-BOAT DESTROYER.
Length over all, 246 feet. Beam, 22 feet, 3 inches. Displacement, 489 tons.
Speed, 30 knots.
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A good designer has an easy task in drawing lines for a freighter in which the weight of hull, machinery and coals may be only 40 per cent. of the displacement, leaving 60 per cent. for earning space. Contrast this with an Atlantic flyer, where but 5 per cent. may remain for cargo. Here the designer’s problems are difficult indeed, and the chief way out of them is to enlarge his ship as much as he dares, for the bigger his vessel, its form and speed unchanged, the less will be its resistance as compared with displacement. But to an increase of size there are hard and fast bounds; first, those imposed by the shallowness of channels and harbors; while the depth of a ship is thus restricted, its length may be somewhat extended with safety and gain; to increase of beam there are distinct and moderate limits, to overpass them means that the ship will follow the wave contour of a heavy sea so closely as to have a quick, jerky and dangerous motion.
Cross-sections of ships