[39] Jos. de Bel. lib. v. cap. iv. § 1. et passim.
[40] Ibid.
[41] Κυκλουμενον is the word used by Josephus; Whiston has translated it “encompassed;” L’Estrange, I think, translates it “passes along;” it means simply making a curve, either inward or outward, and so I have used it.
[42] Jos. de Bel. lib. v. cap. iv. § 2.
[43] Jos. de Bel. lib. v. cap. vi. § 2.
[44] In Antiq. lib. xix. cap. vii. § 2. is a short passage that seems to be opposed to this. It is probable that his predecessors contemplated such a wall, and made a commencement in one or two places; both Pompey (B. C. 63) and Herod (B. C. 37), when they came to attack Jerusalem, found this place quite naked, and made their assaults at once on the temple and the second wall at Acra. Tacitus, Hist. lib. v. cap. xii. has a passage bearing on this subject. “Moreover the covetous temper that prevailed under Claudius gave the Jews an opportunity of purchasing for money, leave to fortify Jerusalem; so they built walls in time of peace as if they were going to war, they being augmented in number by those rude multitudes of people that retired thither on the ruin of the other cities.” Claudius reigned from A. D. 41 to 54.
[45] Jos. de Bel. lib. v. cap. iv. § 2.
[46] Jos. de Bel. lib. v. cap. 6. § 2.
[47] See Luke xxiii. 49.
[48] Jos. de Bel. lib. vi. cap. 9. § 3.