The law of the sea
George L. Canfield; J. Y. Brinton; George W. Dalzell
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  • Abandonment, of cargo on disaster, [75]
    • to creditors, [114]
    • to insurers, [123]
    • to underwriters, [113]
    • of seamen, [197], [252]
  • Accounting, compellable by part owners, [30]
  • Acts of Congress:
    • June 26, 1884 (23 St. at L.), [70], [116]
    • August 19, 1890 (26 St. at L. 320), [63]
    • September 4, 1890 (26 St. at L. 425), [158]
    • February 13, 1893 (27 St. at L. 445), [70], [72]
    • February 18, 1895 (28 St. at L. 667), [252]
    • December 21, 1898 (30 St. at L. 755), [196], [249]
    • March 3, 1899 (30 St. at L. 1151), [206], [209]
    • April 22, 1908 (35 St. at L. 65), [57]
    • March 4, 1909 (35 St. at L. 1088, 1142), [196]
    • April 5, 1910 (36 St. at L. 291), [57]
    • June 24, 1910 (36 St. at L. 629), [141], [200]
    • August 1, 1912 (37 St. at L. 242), [187]
    • August 24, 1912 (37 St. at L. 560), [229]
    • August 18, 1914 (38 St. at L. 698), [229], [246]
    • March 4, 1915 (38 St. at L. 1164), [56], [245], [247]-252
    • September 7, 1916 (39 St. at L. 729), [231], [260], [261]
    • June 7, 1918 (40 St. at L. 602), [258]
    • February 9, 1920, [16], [219]
    • March 30, 1920, [83], [84], [157], [250]
    • June 5, 1920, [12], [17], [18], [19], [27], [64], [79], [128], [130], [131], [135], [141], [200], [214], [232], [238]-240, [250], [261], [263]-289
    • See also Revised Statutes: Compiled Statutes, 1916; Bills of Lading Act; Harter Act; Loss of Life Act; Panama Canal Act; Merchant Marine Act; Ship Mortgage Act; Stand-by Act.
  • Acts of God, [89]
  • Adjuster, in general average, [191]
  • Admiralty. For specific subjects, see particular titles
  • Admiralty Courts. See Courts
  • Admiralty Law, sources, general, [1]
    • in United States, [1]
  • Admiralty remedies. See Remedies
  • Admiralty Rules, general, [14]
  • Advances of wages (see also Wages), [247], [248]
  • Advances on bottomry, [141]
  • Adventure. See Frustration of adventure
  • Affreightment, contract of, defined, [77], [78]
    • reciprocal obligations of ship and cargo, [34], [35]
    • See also Contracts of affreightment
  • Agency, of master, right to delegate, [49]
    • for temporary owner or charterer, [33]
  • Agent, managing, responsibility of owner for, [31]
  • Alaska Railroad, under Merchant Marine Act, [277]
  • Alaska, trade with, coastwise, [14]
    • under Merchant Marine Act, [277]
  • Aliens, defined, in Merchant Marine Act, [288]
    • sales of Shipping Board vessels to, under Merchant Marine Act, [266], [267]
  • American Bureau of Shipping, under Merchant Marine Act, [276]
  • Anchorage, [215], [216]
  • Anchors, included in sale, [23]
  • Antitrust laws, marine insurance associations exempt from, under Merchant Marine Act, [278]
  • Antwerp, York-Antwerp Rules, [7]
  • Appurtenances, what included in sale, [23]
  • Arbitration clause, not enforceable, [107]
  • Arrest of passengers, [42]
  • Arrival and discharge, [76]
  • Arrived ship, [106]
  • Arson, maritime, [196]
  • Articles, shipping. See Shipping articles
  • Assaults, [196]
    • on seamen, [61]
  • Association, defined, in Merchant Marine Act, [278]
  • Attorneys, employment by Shipping Board, under Merchant Marine Act, [265]
  • Austrian vessels, sale of, under Merchant Marine Act, [266]
  • Average. See General average
  • Bankruptcy, of shipbuilder during construction, [11]
  • Bare boat charter, [101]
  • Barges, inspection of, [255]
    • whether ships, [3]
  • Barratry, [199], [200], [252]
  • Bathhouse, floating, a ship, [3]
  • Berths, separate for seamen, [249]
  • Bills of lading, Chapter VII, [86]-111
    • holder's claim to goods, [76]
    • liability of owner for cargo not received, [31]
    • limitations on, [76]
    • limitation of master's authority to bind owner, [41]
    • limitation on master's right to issue, [45]
    • not contracts of affreightment, when, [34]
  • Bills of sale, not required for documentation, [236]
    • recording, [237], [238]
    • recording, under Merchant Marine Act, [278], [279]
    • requirements, [236]
  • Blockade, violation of, [195]
  • Boats, included in sale, [23]
  • Boilers, included in sale, [23]
  • Bonds. See Mortgages and bonds for release of ship, [220]
    • for safe return, when compellable, [28], [29]
  • Bottomry bond, defined, [138]
    • nature and incidents of, [138]-140
  • Bowsprit, included in sale, [23]
  • Breach of charter, [106], [107]
  • Breakage, exception of, [99]
  • Breakdown clause, [102], [103]
  • Builder's lien, [136]
  • Bunkers, liability for, during temporary ownership, [33]
  • Cables, included in sale, [23]
  • Captain. See Master
  • Capture. See Prize of war
  • Cargo. See Affreightment, contracts of; Lien, etc.
    • damage to, in collision, [152], [156]
    • deck, in general average, [191]
    • discharge of (see Arrival and discharge)
    • injury to, personal liability of master, [41]
    • loading and stowage of, [72]-75
    • master's relation to, [44]-47
    • not involved in forfeiture, when, [195]
    • on wreck, owner's rights, [206]
    • out and back, [91]
    • reciprocal obligations of ship and cargo, [34], [35]
    • shipper must disclose character, [72], [73]
    • unlawful, annuls charter, [107]
  • Cargo vessels, provision of Merchant Marine Act, [276]
  • Carpenter, master. See Master carpenter
    • ship's, lien for wages, [62]
  • Carpenter's certificate, [232]
  • Carriage by sea, Chapter VI, [69]-84
  • Carriers, common and private, defined, [69]
    • liability of, [69], [70]
  • Certificate. See Carpenter's certificate, Surveyor's certificate, Inspection certificate
  • Cesser clause, [103]
  • Changes, in structure, to be reported, [16]
  • Charter parties, Chapter VII, [86]-111
    • effect on lien, [133]
    • master must not alter, [45]
    • notice to creditor, when avoids lien, [33]
  • Charter rates, Emergency Act, repeal of, in Merchant Marine Act, [263], [264]
  • Charterer, agent of, may create lien, under Merchant Marine Act, [285]
    • liability, [113]
    • liability as temporary owner, [33]
    • may create lien on vessel, when, under Merchant Marine Act, [285]
  • Chartering Executive Committee, [86]
  • Chartering of vessels, authority of Shipping Board, under Merchant Marine Act, [267]
  • Chronometer, included in sale, [23]
  • Circuit Court of Appeals. See Courts
  • Citizens, who are, [25]
    • defined in Merchant Marine Act, [288]
  • Citizenship, of owner (see also Corporations), [12], [13], [25], [27]
    • of master, [25], [39]
    • of pilots, [13]
    • of watch officers, [13]
  • Claim, notice of, [100]
  • Classification of Shipping Board vessels under Merchant Marine Act, [276]
  • Clearance. See Entry and clearance
  • Coastwise trade, Alaska, under Merchant Marine Act, [277]
    • corporate owner, stock control, [28]
    • forfeiture for violation, [195]
    • insular possessions, executive control, under Merchant Marine Act, [274]
    • investigation of ports, etc., by Shipping Board, under Merchant Marine Act, [268]
    • Philippine Islands, not, under Merchant Marine Act, [274]
    • provisions of Merchant Marine Act, [277]
    • restrictions, [231], [232]
    • vessels to engage in, [13], [277]
    • via foreign port, under Merchant Marine Act, [277]
    • voyages, wages on, [247]
    • what is, [13], [14]
  • Code, Federal Criminal, [196]
  • Collector of Customs, duties with respect to recordation, under Merchant Marine Act, [279], [280]
  • Collision, Chapter XI, [148]-158
    • assistance in case of, [252]
    • investigation of, [244]
    • personal liability of master, [41]
    • responsibility of pilot, [175]
    • when a peril of the sea, [89]
  • Commanding officer. See Master
  • Commerce, Department of, representation on American Bureau of Shipping, under Merchant Marine Act, [276]
    • routes to be established by Shipping Board, under Merchant Marine Act, [267]
    • Secretary of, authority to regulate recordation of mortgages, etc., under Merchant Marine Act, [286]
    • may remit certain fines, under Merchant Marine Act, [276]
  • Commissioner of Navigation (see also Navigation), [259]
  • Commissioners. See Shipping commissioners
  • Common carriers. See Carriers Compass, included in sale, [23]
  • Compensation, just, under Merchant Marine Act, Law. See Workmen's Compensation Law, [264]
  • Competition, Shipping Board to make rules, under Merchant Marine Act, [272]
  • Compiled Statutes 1916:
    • 4554, [63]
    • 7707, [25]
    • 7778, 7779, [143]
    • 7981, [173]
    • 7990-7994, [187]
    • 8020-8027, [115]
    • 8029-8035, [93]
    • 8036, [52]
    • 8204-8208, [173]
    • 8287-8297, [63]
    • 8300-8314, [63]
    • 8315-8337-A, [64]
    • 8343-8376, [66]
    • 9920, [206]
    • 10419-10444, [193]
    • 10445-10462, [193]
    • 10462-10469, [193]
    • 10470, [203]
    • 10470-10483, [193]
  • Congress, Acts of. See Acts of Congress, Revised Statutes
  • Consignee, right to goods, [76]
  • Construction loan, fund under Merchant Marine Act, [269]
    • by Shipping Board, under Merchant Marine Act, [260]
  • Construction, title by, [10]
  • Contract, maritime, defined, [4]
    • status of ship mortgages, [141], [142]
    • shipbuilding, [10]
      • not maritime, [11], [12]
    • liens arising out of, [126]
    • of master, liability of owner, [31]
      • liability of temporary owner, [33]
    • seaman's, [55]
    • under Emergency Shipping legislation, validated by Merchant Marine Act, [263], [264]
  • Contracts of affreightment, Chapter VII, [86]-111
    • See also Affreightment, contracts of
  • Contribution, in collision cases, [155]
  • Contributory negligence, none in admiralty, [156]
  • Control of ownership, effect on registry, [12], [25]
    • See also Corporations
  • Corporal punishment, forbidden, [56], [197], [252]
  • Corporate owners, privity or knowledge of, [118]
  • Corporation, as owner, citizenship and stock control of, [13], [25], [27], [28], [123]
    • oath for documentation, [235]
    • under Merchant Marine Act, [288], [289]
  • Costs, in admiralty, [221]
  • Courts, United States:
    • Circuit Court of Appeals, jurisdiction, [2]
    • district, jurisdiction, [2]
    • extent of judicial power, [2]
    • state courts, jurisdiction, [2]
    • Supreme Court, U. S., jurisdiction, [2]
  • Court of Claims, suits for just compensation under Merchant Marine Act [263], [264]
  • Crew, majority owners may employ and discharge, [28]
    • See also Seamen
  • Crimes at sea, Chapter XIV, [193]-201
    • offenses of seamen, [251], [252]
  • Criminal Code, Federal, [196]
  • Cruelty to seamen, [60]
  • Customs duties. See Treaties
  • Damage, caused by pilot, [175]
    • division of, [155], [156]
    • in collision cases, [151]-157
    • in towage cases, [168]-170
    • to goods, liability for, under charter, [104]
  • Day, work, [248]
  • Dead freight. See Freight
  • Deadweight tonnage. See Register tonnage
  • Death of seaman, [250]
    • seaman's right of action under Merchant Marine Act, [287]
  • Deck cargo, in general average, [191]
  • Deck load, [73], [75]
  • Deck officers, [245]
  • Delay in voyage, [78]
  • Delivery of ship, title by, [10]
  • Demise of ship, when charter is, [33], [91], [101]-113
    • where, liability for damaged goods, [104]
  • Demurrage (see also Freight and demurrage), [105], [106]
    • defined, [77]
    • lien for, [127]
    • when recoverable, [78]
  • Depreciation, on sale of Shipping Board vessels, under Merchant Marine Act, [266]
  • Derelicts. See Wrecks and derelicts
  • Desertion, [55], [60], [251]
  • Despatch money, [106]
  • Destruction of vessel before completion, [11]
  • Deviation, master's duty, [45], [51]
    • warranty against, [88], [89]
  • Diligence of lienor, rules of, [127], [128]
  • Directors of corporations, powers of, [28]
  • Disaster, master's duties on, [51]
    • seaman's duties on, [58]
  • Discharge (See Arrival and discharge)
    • of seamen, [60]
  • Disobedience, [251]
  • Displacement. See Register tonnage
  • Dissolution of charters, [107]-110
  • District courts. See Courts
  • Division of damages. See Damages
  • Docks, German port facilities turned over to Shipping Board by Merchant Marine Act, [271]
    • insurance of, under Merchant Marine Act, [269]
    • investigation of, by Shipping Board, under Merchant Marine Act, [268]
  • Documentation of vessels, procedure for, [232]-235
    • See also Registry
  • Documents, surrender and reissue of, [236], [239]
  • Domicile of owner, for registry, [14]
    • See also Citizenship, Nationality, Corporation
  • Dredge, subject to admiralty jurisdiction, [2]
  • Drydock, floating, not a ship, [3], [180], [181]
    • insurance of, under Merchant Marine Act, [269]
    • maritime lien for use of under Merchant Marine Act, [285]
  • Duties, customs. See Treaties
  • Effects, seamen's, [66]
  • Embezzlement, [197]
  • Emergency Fleet Corporation, [261]
    • provisions of Merchant Marine Act with reference to, [288]
  • Emergency Legislation Rate Act repealed, [264]
    • Shipping Act repealed, [263], [264]
    • validation of agreements, [263]
  • Enemy port facilities, turned over to Shipping Board under Merchant Marine Act, [270], [271]
  • Engineer, when an officer, [246]
  • Engines, included in sale, [23]
  • Enrollment, defined, [12]
    • form of, [231]
    • when to be made, [12]
  • Entry and clearance, [241]
  • Equipment, managing owner to direct, [36]
  • Exceptions in bills of lading, [99]
  • Excess profits tax, proceeds of sale exempt, under Merchant Marine Act, [275]
    • vessels exempt, under Merchant Marine Act, [275]
  • Exchange, title by, [10]
  • Executors, sales by, [18], [19]
  • Explosives, [73]
    • on passenger ships, offense, [197]
  • False lights, [197]
  • Fares, through, on American ships, under Merchant Marine Act, [277]
  • Federal Compensation Act, [57]
  • Federal Criminal Code, [196]
  • Fees, navigation, [258]
  • Fellow servant, master not, [250]
  • Felony, defined, [193]
  • Fighting ships, forbidden, [79]
    • provision of Merchant Marine Act, [273]
  • Finders, rights of, [207], [208]
  • Fines, Secretary of Commerce may remit certain, under Merchant Marine Act, [276]
  • Fire, [89], [90], [115], [116]
  • Fire insurance on vessels purchased from Shipping Board, under Merchant Marine Act, [269]
  • Firemen, hours of labor, [248]
  • Flag, [229]
    • transfer of, [17], [23]
  • Floats, whether ships, [3]
  • Flogging, abolished, [42], [59]
  • Flotsam, [202]
  • Fog, collision in, precautions against, [149], [150]
  • Foreclosure of mortgages, [145]-147
    • under Merchant Marine Act, [283]
  • Forfeiture, [195]
    • on sale to alien, [17]
    • under Merchant Marine Act, priority of mortgage lien, [284]
  • Forfeitures and punishments of seamen, [55], [56]
  • Foreign built vessels (see also Vessels, Registry, Coasting trade), may engage in coasting trade, when, under Merchant Marine Act, [274]
  • Foreign laws, Shipping Board to make rules to meet, under Merchant Marine Act, [272]
  • Foreign liens, [136]
  • Foreign market prices to be considered in sale of Shipping Board vessels, under Merchant Marine Act, [266]
  • Foreign ships, American-built recording of, [16]
  • Foreign trade, regulations governing shipping in, under Merchant Marine Act, [272]
    • Shipping Board to establish new routes, under Merchant Marine Act, [267]
  • Foreign vessels, right to coast repealed by Merchant Marine Act, [277]
  • Foreigners, sale of vessels to, provisions of Merchant Marine Act, [266], [267]
  • Frauds, of temporary owner, when owner liable, [34]
  • Freight, defined, [43], [77], [86]
    • dead, [91]
    • lien for, [78], [127]
    • loss of in collision, [162]
    • master's lien upon, [43]
    • when earned, [91]
  • Freight and demurrage, [77]
  • Freight rates, export, on American vessels, under Merchant Marine Act, [277]
    • import, under Merchant Marine Act, [277]
    • investigation by Shipping Board, under Merchant Marine Act, [268]
    • through reduced, restricted by Merchant Marine Act, [277]
    • unfair, [79]
    • War Emergency Act repealed, [264]
  • Frustration of adventure, [107], [108]
  • Fuel, lien for, [125]
  • General average, [189]-192
    • origins, [7]
    • preferred maritime lien for, under Merchant Marine Act, [280], [283]
  • German vessels, turned over to Shipping Board, [266]
    • sale of authorized by Merchant Marine Act, [266], [267]
  • Gift, title by, [10]
  • Great Lakes Rules, [150]
  • Guam, registry of vessels trading with, [12]
  • Guardians, may be owners, [25]
  • Harter Act, [70], [72], [119]-122
    • public vessels entitled to benefit of, under Merchant Marine Act, [266], [267]
  • Hawaii, foreign vessels may carry passengers from, to United States under permit, under Merchant Marine act, [274], [275]
    • trade with coastwise, [14]
  • Hawsers, length of, [254]
  • Heat, exception of, [99]
  • Home port, [233], [234]
    • defined, [12]
    • fixed by registry, [14], [15]
    • limitation on manager's authority when vessel in, [37]
    • maritime lien for supplies furnished in, under Merchant Marine Act, [285]
    • persons authorized by Merchant Marine Act to create liens in, [285]
  • Hospital accommodations for seamen, [250]
  • Hours of labor at sea, [248]
  • Houses, sale of, by Emergency Fleet Corporation, authorized by Merchant Marine Act, [270]
  • Housing law repealed by Merchant Marine Act, [270]
  • Husband, ship's, defined, [36]
  • Import rates, provisions of Merchant Marine Act, [277]
  • Income tax, vessels in foreign trade exempt from under Merchant Marine Act, [275]
  • Individuality of ship. See Personality, Vessel
  • Injuries. See personal injuries Passengers, Seamen
  • Inspection, certificate of outstanding, [235]
    • of vessels, [244], [255], [259]
  • Insurance, charter provision for, [102]
    • effect of limitation of liability on, [123]
    • in collision cases, [157]
  • Insurance, fire, on vessels purchased from Shipping Board under Merchant Marine Act, [269]
  • Insurance, marine, associations exempt from antitrust laws by Merchant Marine Act, [278]
    • purchaser of Shipping Board vessel to provide, [268]
    • Shipping Board vessels, fund for, under Merchant Marine Act, [269]
  • Insurance company, marine, defined in Merchant Marine Act, [278]
  • Insurance of cargo, [75]
  • Interest, on mortgages, [239]
    • on preferred mortgages under Merchant Marine Act, [281]
    • on purchase price of vessels under Merchant Marine Act, [266]
  • Interlocutory sales, [221]
  • International Rules, [150]
  • Interstate Commerce Commission, [261]
    • power over, through rate rule under Merchant Marine Act, [277]
  • Intervenors, [221]
  • Investments of Shipping Board, under Merchant Marine Act, [270]
  • Jetsam, [202]
  • Jettison, [190], [191]
    • master's duty, [46]
  • Joint rates, provisions of Merchant Marine Act, [277]
  • Judicial power, extent of. See Courts
  • Jurisdiction, Admiralty. (See also Courts), [218], [219]
    • concurrent, over crimes, [197], [198]
    • criminal, [193], [194]
    • ships subject to, [2]
    • ships under construction not subject to, [2], [11], [12]
    • shipbuilding contracts not territoriality of vessels for subject of, [11], [12]
      • purposes of, [15]
    • waters subject to, [3], [4]
    • wrecks subject to, [204]
    • of foreclosure, under Merchant Marine Act, [283], [284]
    • of injuries to seamen, [58]
    • of offenses under Merchant Marine Act, [282]
  • Jury trial, seaman's right to, under Merchant Marine Act, [287]