Normania, 62 Fed. 469.
Kensington, 183 U. S. 263.
[13] See p. 181.
[14] Prior to the advent of steam navigation this was not the rule. A carrier, in order to discharge his liability, was obliged to deliver the cargo upon the usual wharf of the vessel, and give actual notice to the consignee, if he were known.
[15] See § 2, this chapter, infra.
CHAPTER VII
CONTRACTS OF AFFREIGHTMENT, BILLS OF LADING AND CHARTER PARTIES
1. Definitions.—
Contracts of affreightment are for the carriage of goods in vessels. This definition is sufficiently comprehensive to include contracts evidenced by bills of lading and charter parties. In practice the expression, "contracts of affreightment," is commonly used in a somewhat narrower sense to indicate those cases in which a vessel is operated by her owners on their own account, contracting directly with the shippers.
A bill of lading is the document issued for carriage of goods which form only a part of the cargo; it is both a receipt and a contract of carriage.