Handbook of Railroad Construction; For the use of American engineers. / Containing the necessary rules, tables, and formulæ for the location, construction, equipment, and management of railroads, as built in the United States.

by George L. Vose

Note.—If we multiply the interior surface of a tube by the intensity of heat applied, and divide the product by the exterior surface, we shall have the intensity at the outside. We also apply more heat to the outside of a tube, which, passing to the inner surface, augments in intensity per unit of area.

The area of the inner fire-box is not all available for heating, but requires to be reduced as follows:—

For the fire-door.

For the ferrule area.

For the top stays.

For the side stay bolts.

The area is, therefore,

Sides, twice length by height, less stay bolts.

Back, height by width, less fire-door.

Front, height by width, less ferrule area.