Handbook of Railroad Construction; For the use of American engineers. / Containing the necessary rules, tables, and formulæ for the location, construction, equipment, and management of railroads, as built in the United States.

by George L. Vose

e, the short, and h, the long pipe.

H, the discharge pipe.

G, discharge valve.

I, counter weight for discharge pipe.

K, wheel for weight rope.

L, scale showing amount of water in the tank.

The heater shown in the cut is made of a coil of two inch pipe of iron. The short pipe descends from within six inches of the bottom of the tank to within two or three feet of the floor; then bending four or five times around spirally, turns up through the centre of the coil, and runs three or four feet into the tank. A small grate is placed in the lower part of the coil, and the whole apparatus is cased in sheet iron. By such an arrangement of pipe, circulation is obtained, and the water in the tank is kept quite warm. The following rules and tables may be found convenient.

392. The velocity of water in any pipe necessary to discharge a given quantity, in a fixed time, is expressed by

144C
a.

Where C is the number of cubic feet per hour, and a the area of the pipe.