[389] It is sometimes replaced by the scarf (focale).
[390] Arrian, op. cit. 34.
[391] I agree with Mr. Curle that the passage in Arrian (ἴσα πάντη τοῖς προσώποις πεποίηται τῶν ἱππέων) refers to helmets of this kind. See his discussion of the Newstead example, A Roman Frontier-post, Pl. 24, 27, 29, 30.
[392] Von Domaszewski and Petersen, Die Marcussäule, Pl. 27, 52.
[393] An Ala Gallorum et Pannoniorum catafractata existed in the reign of Hadrian, xi. 5632.
[394] Hofman, Fig. 46. (Cf. iii. 4316.) He assigns it to the third century.
[395] Hofman, Fig. 23. The deceased is represented shooting very dexterously at a target.
[396] Arrian, Tactica, 4. It appears from this passage that in the reign of Hadrian the cavalry did not carry spears of two sizes for thrusting and throwing in the time of Josephus (see above), but one or more of medium length suitable for both purposes. The contarii were a special class of regiments; the best known of which was the Ala contariorum miliaria stationed in Pannonia (see [Appendix]).
[397] Cichorius, Pl. 44, 45.
[398] Haverfield, Catalogue of Inscribed Stones in Grosvenor Museum, no. 137.