The Auxilia of the Roman Imperial Army

by George Leonard Cheesman

[505] Four were at Rome, one at Lugudunum, and one at Carthage.

[506] Marcus added II and III Italica to garrison Raetia and Noricum; Septimius Severus the three legiones Parthicae, of which I and III were stationed in Mesopotamia and II at Alba in Italy.

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APPENDIX II

This appendix is mainly designed to supplement the table on [p. 60], by giving a list of the auxiliary regiments grouped according to the provinces in which they were raised. I have also added for the sake of completeness a further section dealing with the cohortes civium Romanorum, and a few regiments of which we do not know the place of origin. The list thus contains, or is intended to contain, the names of all the auxiliary regiments known to us, and includes far more than existed at any one time. The greater part of this list is, of course, merely a repetition of that drawn up by Cichorius in his articles on ala and cohors contributed to Pauly-Wissowa, and in view of the admirable summary of the evidence there given I have restricted myself to appending to the title of each regiment the name of the province in which it was stationed, or, when this is unknown, a reference to a single inscription mentioning it. Only in cases where I have been able to add to the list a regiment unknown when Cichorius wrote have I added a note on the evidence. The whole may, in fact, be described as a summary of Cichorius’s articles, with a supplement bringing them up to date, and as such may, I hope, be of some value to students of this subject.

As in the list on p. [60], regiments raised before 70 and those of later date are divided into two groups, distinguished by the letters A and B.

Britain.
Alae.
A.	I Flavia Augusta Britannica M. C. R.[507]	Germania Superior—Pannonia Inferior.
	Brittonum V.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
Cohorts.
A.	I Britannica M. C. R.[508]	Pannonia—Dacia.
	I Brittonum M. E.	Pannonia—Dacia.
	II Brittonum M. C. R. P. F.	Dacia.
	II Brittonum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	III Britannorum	Raetia.
	III Brittonum	Dacia.
	III Brittonum V. E.	xi. 393.
	IV and V Brittonum supposed because of the existence of
	VI Brittonum	ii. 2424.
B.	I Flavia Brittonum	Dalmatia—Noricum.
	I Ulpia Brittonum M.	Dacia.
	I Aelia Brittonum M.	Noricum.
	I Augusta Nervia Pacensis Brittonum M.[509]	Dacia.
	I Aurelia Brittonum M.	Dacia.
	II Flavia Brittonum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Augusta Nervia Pacensis Brittonum M.	Pannonia Inferior.
Belgica.
Alae.
A.	Batavorum	Germania Inferior.
	I Canninefatium C. R.	Germania Superior—Pannonia Superior.
	Treverorum	Germania Inferior.
	Tungrorum Frontoniana	Dalmatia—Pannonia—Dacia.
	I Tungrorum	Britain.
B.	I Batavorum M.	Dacia.
Cohorts.
A.	I Batavorum C. R.	Britain.
	I-VIII Batavorum M.	The regiments which joined the rebellion of Civilis and were presumably disbanded.
	IX Batavorum M. E.	Raetia.
	I Belgarum E.	Dalmatia.
	I Belgica	Germania Superior.
	Cohortes Canninefatium	Joined the rebellion of Civilis and were presumably disbanded in consequence. Cf. Tac. Hist. iv. 19.
	I Frisiavonum	Britain.
	I Germanorum C. R.	Germania Superior.
	I Germanorum M. E.	Cappadocia.
	I Lingonum E.	Britain.
	II Lingonum E.	Britain.
	III Lingonum E.	xi. 5959.
	IV Lingonum E.	Britain.
	V Lingonum	Dacia.
	I Menapiorum	Britain.
	I Morinorum	Britain.
	Nemetum	Germania Superior.
	I Nerviorum	Britain.
	II Nerviorum	Britain.
	III Nerviorum C. R.	Britain.
	IV and V Nerviorum C. R. supposed on account of the existence of
	VI Nerviorum C. R.	Britain.
	I Sequanorum et Rauracorum E.	Germania Superior.
	I Sugambrorum V. E.	Moesia Inferior—Syria.
	I Claudia Sugambrorum	Moesia Inferior—Syria.[510]
	II and III Sugambrorum supposed on account of the existence of
	IV Sugambrorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Sunucorum	Britain.
	I Tungrorum M.	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	II Tungrorum M. E. C. L.	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	Cohortes Ubiorum	Germania Inferior, cf. Tac. Hist. iv. 28.
	I Ubiorum	Moesia Inferior—Dacia.
	Usiporum	Tac. Agr. 28.
	I Vangionum M. E.	Germania Superior—Britain.
B.	I Batavorum M.	Pannonia—Dacia.
	I Batavorum	Britain.
	II Batavorum M.	Pannonia.
	III Batavorum M.	Pannonia Inferior.[511]
	I Septimia Belgarum	Germania Superior.
	I Ulpia Traiana Cugernorum	Britain.
	I Nervana Germanorum M.	Britain.
	I Mattiacorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Mattiacorum	Moesia Inferior.
	I Treverorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Treverorum	Germania Superior.[512]
Lugdunensis.
Alae.
A.	Gallorum Flaviana	Moesia Inferior.
	Gallorum Indiana	Germania Inferior—Britain—Germania Superior.
	Augusta Gallorum Petriana M.	Germania Superior—Britain.
	Augusta Gallorum Proculeiana	Britain.
	Gallorum V.	Egypt.
	I Flavia Gallorum Tauriana[513]	Gaul.
	I Claudia Gallorum	Moesia Inferior.
	I Gallorum et Bosporanorum	Dacia.
	I Gallorum et Pannoniorum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Gallorum Sebosiana	Germania Superior—Britain.
	II Gallorum	Cappadocia.
The majority of the following regiments, which bear titlesderived from personal names, can be shown to have receivedrecruits from the Gallic provinces, where it is probable that allwere originally raised.
	Agrippiana	Germania Superior—Britain.
	II Flavia Agrippiana[514]	Syria.
	Apriana	Egypt.
	Atectorigiana	Moesia Inferior.
	Classiana	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	Longiniana	Germania Inferior.
	Patrui	ix. 733.
	Picentiana	Germania Superior.
	Pomponiani	Germania Inferior.
	Rusonis	Germania Superior.
	Sabiniana	Britain.
	Scaevae	x. 6011.
	Siliana C. R.	Africa—Pannonia.
	Sulpicia	Germania Inferior.
Cohorts.
A.	I Gallica C. R. E.	Tarraconensis.
	II Gallica	Tarraconensis.
	I Gallorum	Aquitania.
	I Gallorum Dacica	Dacia.
	II Gallorum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Gallorum Macedonica E.	Moesia Superior—Dacia.
	II Gallorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	II Gallorum E.	Britain.
	III Gallorum	Germania Superior—Moesia Inferior.
	III Gallorum	Spain.
	IV Gallorum	Moesia Inferior.
	IV Gallorum	Raetia.
	IV Gallorum	Britain.
	V Gallorum	Pannonia—Moesia Superior.
	V Gallorum	Britain.
	VI Gallorum	vi. 1449.
	VII Gallorum	Moesia Inferior.
	VIII, IX, and X Gallorum supposed on account of the existence of
	XI Gallorum[515]	Dalmatia.
Aquitania.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Aquitanorum V. E.	Germania Superior.
	I Aquitanorum	Germania Superior—Britain.
	II Aquitanorum E.	Germania Superior—Raetia.
	III Aquitanorum E. C. R.	Germania Superior.
	IV Aquitanorum E. C. R.	Germania Superior.
	I Biturigum	Germania Superior.
	II Biturigum	xiii. 6812.
Narbonensis.
Alae.
A.	Augusta Vocontiorum	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	Vocontiorum	Egypt.
Cohorts.
	None.
Alpes. (All the little Alpine provinces.)
Alae.
A.	Vallensium.	Germania Superior.
Cohorts.
A.	I Alpinorum	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Alpinorum E.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Alpinorum E.	Dacia.
	I Alpinorum	Britain.
	II Alpinorum E.	Pannonia Superior.
	III Alpinorum E.	Dalmatia.
	I Ligurum[516]	Alpes Maritimae—Germania Superior.
	II Gemina Ligurum et Corsorum	Sardinia.
	I Montanorum	Noricum—Pannonia—Dacia.
	I Montanorum C. R.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Montanorum	Palestine.
	Trumplinorum	v. 4910.
Raetia.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Helvetiorum	Germania Superior.
	I Raetorum	Raetia.
	I Raetorum E.	Cappadocia.
	II Raetorum C. R.	Germania Superior.
	II Raetorum	Raetia.
	Two cohorts III Raetorum supposed on account of the existence of
	IV Raetorum E.	Cappadocia.
	IV Raetorum	Moesia Superior.
	V Raetorum	viii. 8934.
	VI Raetorum	Germania Superior.
	VII Raetorum E.	Germania Superior.
	VIII Raetorum C. R.	Pannonia—Dacia.
	Raetorum et Vindelicorum	Germania Superior.
	I Vindelicorum M.	Dacia.
	II and III Vindelicorum supposed on account of the existence of
	IV Vindelicorum	Germania Superior.
B.	I Aelia Gaesatorum M.	Dacia.
Noricum.
Alae.
A.	Noricorum	Germania Superior.
Cohorts.
A.	I Noricorum	Pannonia Inferior.
Pannonia.
Alae.
A.	I Pannoniorum	Africa.
	I Pannoniorum	Moesia Inferior.
	I Pannoniorum Tampiana	Britain.
	II Pannoniorum	Dacia.
	Pannoniorum	Pannonia Superior.
B.	I Illyricorum[517]	Dacia.
	Flavia Pannoniorum[518]	Pannonia Inferior.
	Sarmatarum[519]	Britain.
Cohorts.
A.	I Breucorum	Raetia.
	II Breucorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	III Breucorum	ix. 4753.
	IV Breucorum	Britain.
	V Breucorum	Noricum.
	VI Breucorum[520]	Moesia Superior.
	VII Breucorum	Pannonia Inferior.
	VIII Breucorum	xiii. 7801.
	I Pannoniorum	Germania Superior—Britain.
	I Pannoniorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Augusta Pannoniorum	Egypt.
	I Pannoniorum et Dalmatarum	x. 5829.
	II Pannoniorum	Britain.
	III Pannoniorum	Britain.
	IV Pannoniorum	iii. 12631, ix. 3924.
	I Varcianorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Varcianorum	Germania Inferior.
B.	I Ulpia Pannoniorum M. E.	Pannonia Superior.
Dalmatia.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Dalmatarum	Britain.
	II Dalmatarum	Britain.
	III Dalmatarum	Germania Superior.
	IV Dalmatarum	Germania Superior.
	V Dalmatarum	Germania Superior.
	VI Dalmatarum E.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	VII Dalmatarum E.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
B.	I Dalmatarum M.[521]	Dalmatia.
	II Dalmatarum M.	Dalmatia.
	III Dalmatarum M. E. C. R.	Dacia.
	IV Dalmatarum M.	iii. 1474.
Moesia.
Alae.
A.	Bosporanorum[522]	Syria—Dacia.
B.	I Vespasiana Dardanorum	Moesia Inferior.
Cohorts.
A.	Bosporanorum M.	Cappadocia.
	I Bosporiana	Pannonia Superior
	II Bosporanorum	x. 270.[523]
B.	I Aurelia Dardanorum	Moesia Superior.
	II Aurelia Dardanorum M. E.[524]	Moesia Superior.
Dacia.
Alae.
B.	I Ulpia Dacorum	Cappadocia.
Cohorts.
B.	I Ulpia Dacorum	Syria.
	I Aelia Dacorum M.	Britain.
	II Augusta Dacorum	Pannonia.
	Dacorum	Syria.
	I Aurelia Dacorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Aurelia Dacorum	Pannonia Superior.[525]
Thrace.
Alae.
A.	Thracum Herculania	Syria.
	I Augusta Thracum	Raetia.
	I Thracum	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	I Thracum Mauretana	Egypt.
	I Thracum V. S.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Thracum Victrix	Pannonia Superior.
	II Augusta Thracum[526]	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	III Augusta Thracum S.	Pannonia Superior.
	III Thracum	Syria.
Cohorts.
A.	I Augusta Thracum E.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Thracum Germanica C. R. E.	Germania Superior—Pannonia Superior.
	I Thracum M.	Palestine.
	I Thracum S.	Dacia.
	I Thracum E.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Thracum Syriaca	Palestine—Moesia Superior.
	I Thracum	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	II Augusta Thracum	Pannonia Inferior.
	II Gemella Thracum	Africa.
	II Thracum Syriaca	Syria.
	II Thracum E.	Egypt.
	II Thracum E.	Britain.
	III Thracum V.	Raetia.
	III Thracum C. R.	Raetia.
	III Augusta Thracum E.	Syria.
	III Thracum Syriaca[527]	Syria.
	IV Thracum Syriaca	Syria.
	IV Thracum E.	Germania Superior.
	V Thracum supposed on account of the existence of
	VI Thracum	Germania Superior—Britain—Pannonia—Dacia.
B.	I Flavia Bessorum[528]	Macedonia.
	II Flavia Bessorum	Moesia Inferior.
Macedonia.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	Macedonum E.[529]	A. E. 1908. 58.
	I Cyrrhesticorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Cyrrhesticorum[530]	Dalmatia.
Galatia.
Alae.
A.	VII Phrygum[531]	Syria.
Cohorts.
B.	I Ulpia Galatarum	Palestine.
	II Ulpia Galatarum	Palestine.
	III Ulpia Galatarum[532]	Egypt.
	I Ulpia Paflagonum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Ulpia Paflagonum	Syria.
	III Ulpia Paflagonum	Syria.
Cilicia.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Cilicum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Cilicum supposed on account of the existence of
	III Cilicum[533]	Egypt.
B.	I Flavia Cilicum E.	Egypt.
Cyprus.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I, II, and III Cypria[534] supposed on account of the existence of
	IV Cypria	Dacia.
Crete and Cyrenaica.[535]
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Cretum	Moesia Superior.
	I Cyrenaica	Germania Superior.
	II Augusta Cyrenaica	Germania Superior.
	III Cyrenaica S.	A. E. 1896. 10.
	III Augusta Cyrenaica	Römische Mitteilungen, iii. 77.[536]
Syria.
Alae.
A.	Hamiorum[537]	Mauretania Tingitana.
	I Augusta Parthorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	Parthorum V.	xiii. 10024³⁵.
B.	I Commagenorum	Egypt—Noricum.
Cohorts.
A.	I Antiochensium	Moesia Superior.
	I Apamenorum S. E.	Egypt.
	I Chalcidenorum E.	Africa.
	II Chalcidenorum	Moesia Inferior.
	III and IV Chalcidenorum supposed on account of the existence of
	V Chalcidenorum	Syria.
	I Damascenorum	Palestine.
	I Hamiorum	Britain.
	II Hamiorum	viii. 10654.
	I Hemesenorum M. S. E. C. R.	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Sagittariorum	Germania Superior—Dacia (?).
	II Sagittariorum supposed on account of the existence of
	III Sagittariorum[538]	iii. 335, xiv. 3935.
	I Tyriorum[539]	Moesia Inferior.
B.	I Flavia Canathenorum M.	Raetia.
	I Flavia Chalcidenorum S. E.	Syria.
	I Flavia Commagenorum	Dacia.
	II Flavia Commagenorum	Dacia.
	III, IV, and V Commagenorum supposed on account of the existence of
	VI Commagenorum	Africa.
	I Flavia Damascenorum M. E.	Germania Superior.
	I Ulpia Sagittariorum E.	Syria.
	I Aelia Sagittariorum M. E.	Pannonia Superior.
	I Nova Surorum M. S.	Pannonia Inferior.
Palestine.
Alae.
A.	I Augusta Ituraeorum	Pannonia Inferior.
	Sebastenorum	Palestine—Mauretania Caesariensis.
Cohorts.
A.	I Ascalonitanorum Felix E.	Syria.
	I Augusta Ituraeorum S.	Pannonia—Dacia.
	I Ituraeorum	Germania Superior—Dacia.
	II Ituraeorum E.	Egypt.
	III Ituraeorum	Egypt.
	IV, V, and VI[540] Ituraeorum supposed on account of the existence of
	VII Ituraeorum	Egypt.
	I Sebastenorum M.	Palestine.
Arabia.
Alae.
B.	I Ulpia Dromedariorum M.[541]	Syria.
Cohorts.
B.	I Ulpia Petraeorum M. E.[542]	Syria.
	II Ulpia Petraeorum M. E.	xi. 5669.
	III Ulpia Petraeorum M. E.	Cappadocia.
	IV Ulpia Petraeorum[543]	Palestine.
	V Ulpia Petraeorum E.	Syria.
	VI Ulpia Petraeorum[543]	Palestine.
Egypt.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Thebaeorum E.	Egypt.
	II Thebaeorum	Egypt.
Africa.
Alae.
A.	Afrorum	Germania Inferior.
	Gaetulorum V.	Palestine.
B.	I Ulpia Afrorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Ulpia Afrorum	Egypt.
	I Flavia Gaetulorum	Moesia Inferior.
Cohorts.
A.	I Afrorum C. R. E.[544]	x. 5841.
	I Cirtensium supposed on account of the existence of
	II Cirtensium	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Cisipadensium	Moesia Superior.
	I Gaetulorum	viii. 7039.
B.	I Flavia Afrorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Flavia Afrorum[545]	Africa.
	I Ulpia Afrorum E.	Egypt.
	I Flavia Musulamiorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Flavia Numidarum	Lycia.
	II Flavia Numidarum	Dacia.
Mauretania.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.[546]
B.	Maurorum M.	Africa.
	Maurorum M.	Pannonia Inferior.
	Maurorum Quingenaria	Pannonia Inferior.
Tarraconensis.[547]
Alae.
A.	I Arvacorum	Pannonia Superior.
	II Arvacorum	Moesia Inferior.
	I Asturum	Britain.
	I Asturum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Asturum	Britain.
	III Asturum	xi. 3007.
	I Hispanorum Campagonum	Dacia.
	I Hispanorum	Germania Superior—Dacia.
	I Hispanorum Auriana	Noricum.
	I Lemavorum	Tarraconensis.
	I Hispanorum Vettonum C. R.	Britain.
B.	II Flavia Hispanorum	Spain.
Cohorts.
A.	I Asturum	Germania Superior—Britain.
	I Asturum	Noricum.
	II Asturum	Germania Inferior—Britain.
	III Asturum	Mauretania Tingitana.
	IV Asturum supposed on account of the existence of
	V Asturum	Germania Inferior.
	VI Asturum	ii. 2637.
	I Asturum et Callaecorum[548]	Mauretania Tingitana.
	II Asturum et Callaecorum	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Ausetanorum	ii. 1181.
	I Bracaraugustanorum	Moesia Inferior.
	II Bracaraugustanorum	vi. 1838.
	III Bracaraugustanorum	Britain.
	III Bracaraugustanorum	Raetia.
	III Bracaraugustanorum[549]	Palestine.
	IV Bracaraugustanorum	Palestine.
	V Bracaraugustanorum	Raetia.
	I Cantabrorum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Cantabrorum	Palestine.
	Carietum et Veniaesum	v. 4373.
	I Celtiberorum	Spain.
	I Celtiberorum	Britain.
	II Celtiberorum supposed on account of the existence of
	III Celtiberorum	Spain.
	I Hispanorum	Dacia.
	I Hispanorum V. E.	Moesia Inferior.
	I Hispanorum E.	Britain.
	I Hispanorum E.	Egypt.
	II Hispanorum	Germania Superior.
	II Hispanorum Scutata Cyrenaica	Dacia.
	II Hispanorum E.	Africa.
	II Hispanorum E.	Cappadocia.
	III Hispanorum	Germania Superior.
	IV Hispanorum	Dacia.
	V Hispanorum	Germania Superior—Moesia Superior.
	VI Hispanorum	xi. 4376.
	I Lucensium E.	Dalmatia—Syria.
	I Lucensium Hispanorum	Germania Inferior.
	II Lucensium	Moesia Inferior.
	III Lucensium	Spain.
	IV Lucensium	Syria.
	V Lucensium et Callaecorum	Pannonia Superior.
	I Fida Vardullorum M. E. C. R.	Britain.
	I Vasconum supposed on account of the existence of
	II Hispanorum Vasconum C. R. E.	Britain.
B.	I Flavia Hispanorum	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Flavia Hispanorum M. E.	Moesia Superior.
	I Flavia Ulpia Hispanorum M. E. C. R.[550]	Dacia.
	I Aelia Hispanorum M. E.	Britain.
Lusitania.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Augusta Praetoria Lusitanorum E.	Egypt.
	I Lusitanorum	Pannonia Inferior.
	I Lusitanorum Cyrenaica	Moesia Inferior.
	II Lusitanorum E.	Egypt.
	III Lusitanorum E.	Germania Inferior—Pannonia Inferior.
	IV and V Lusitanorum supposed on account of the existence of
	VI Lusitanorum[551]	Raetia.
	VII Lusitanorum E.	Africa—Raetia.
Sardinia and Corsica.
Alae.
	None.
Cohorts.
A.	I Corsorum C. R.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
	I Corsorum	Sardinia.
	I Sardorum	Sardinia.
	II Sardorum E.	Mauretania Caesariensis.
B.	I Gemina Sardorum et Corsorum	Sardinia.
	II Gemina Ligurum et Corsorum	Sardinia.

These last two regiments seem to have been formed by amalgamating the cohorts I Corsorum, I Sardorum, and I Ligurum, which appear in Sardinia in the pre-Flavian period, but not later.

Cohortes Voluntariorum and other Regiments of Roman Citizens.