The Appendix furnishes lists of verbs, tables of conjugation, rules for capitals and marks of punctuation, a summary of important rules of syntax, and a brief history of the English language.

The Exercises ([pp. 227–290]) are collected at the end of the text, so as not to break continuity. References prefixed to each, as well as page-numbers in the Table of Contents, enable the teacher to attach them, at will, to the topics which they concern. The passages for parsing, analysis, etc., have been carefully selected from a wide range of eminent British and American writers. The name of the author is often appended to the quotation, when the passage is particularly noteworthy either for its contents or its form. In most cases, however, this has not been done; but the student may always feel confident that he is occupying himself with specimens of English as actually composed by distinguished authors. The constructive exercises call particular attention to those matters in which error is especially prevalent.

An advanced grammar must aim to be serviceable in two ways. It should afford the means for continuous and systematic study of the subject or of any part of it; and it should also be useful for reference in connection with the study of composition and of literature. With this latter end in view, many notes and observations have been included, in smaller type, to show the nature and development of the various forms and constructions, and to point out differences between the usage of to-day and that which the student observes in Shakspere and other English classics. The fulness of the index makes it easy to find anything that the volume contains.

In accordance with the desire of many teachers, certain topics of importance have been treated with unusual thoroughness. Among these may be mentioned the uses of shall and will, should and would, the infinitive and the infinitive clause, conditional sentences, indirect discourse, and the combination of clauses in sentences of different kinds.

The authors are indebted to several teachers for suggestions and criticism. Particular acknowledgment is due to Mr. Theodore C. Mitchill, of the Jamaica High School, New York, and Mr. C. L. Hooper, of the Chicago Normal School.

CONTENTS

[The numbers in the first column refer to the pages of the text; those in the second column to the pages of the Exercises.]

[INTRODUCTION]
TEXTEXERCISES
Language and Grammar[xi]
Grammar and Usage[xv]
Summary of General Principles[xvii]
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
PART ONE—THE PARTS OF SPEECH IN THE SENTENCE
The Sentence—Subject and Predicate[1][227]
Kinds of Sentences[2][227]
The Eight Parts of Speech Defined[3][228]
The Same Word as Different Parts of Speech[9][229]
Infinitives and Participles[11][229]
Comparative Importance of the Parts of Speech[13]
Simple and Complete Subject and Predicate[14][230]
Compound Subject and Predicate[15][230]
Substitutes for the Parts of Speech[16][231]
Phrases—Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverbial[16][231]
Clauses—Independent and Subordinate[16][232]
Compound and Complex Sentences[17][232]
Compound Complex Sentences[18][232]
Clauses as Parts of Speech[19][232]
Summary of Definitions[21]
PART TWO—INFLECTION AND SYNTAX
[CHAPTER I—INFLECTION]
Inflection in General[25]
Summary of Inflections[26]
[CHAPTER II—NOUNS]
Classification—Common Nouns and Proper Nouns[27][233]
Special Classes—Abstract, Collective, Compound[29][234]
Inflection of Nouns[30][235]
Gender[31][235]
Number[34][235]
Person[39][236]
Case[40][237]
Nominative Case[41][237]
Possessive Case[43][238]
Objective Case[47][239]
Parsing of Nouns[54][240]
[CHAPTER III—PRONOUNS]
Personal Pronouns[55][241]
Gender and Number of Personal Pronouns[56][241]
Case of Personal Pronouns[57][241]
The Self-Pronouns (Compound Personal Pronouns)[60][241]
Adjective Pronouns—Demonstratives[62][243]
Adjective Pronouns—Indefinites[64][243]
Relative Pronouns[66][244]
The Relative Pronoun What[71][246]
Compound Relative Pronouns[72][246]
Interrogative Pronouns[73][246]
Parsing of Pronouns[74][247]
[CHAPTER IV—ADJECTIVES]
Classification of Adjectives[75][248]
Adjectives—the Articles[77][248]
Comparison of Adjectives[79][249]
Irregular Comparison[81][249]
[CHAPTER V—ADVERBS]
Classification of Adverbs[83][250]
Relative and Interrogative Adverbs[86][251]
Comparison of Adverbs[87][252]
Use of the Comparative and Superlative[88][252]
Numerals—Adjectives, Nouns, Adverbs[89][252]
[CHAPTER VI—VERBS]
Classification of Verbs[91][253]
Auxiliary Verbs—Verb-Phrases[91][253]
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs[92][253]
Copulative Verbs[93][253]
Inflection of Verbs[94][254]
Tense of Verbs[94][254]
Present and Past Tenses[94][254]
Weak (Regular) and Strong (Irregular) Verbs[95][254]
Person and Number[97][254]
The Personal Endings[97][254]
Conjugation of the Present and the Past[98][254]
Special Rules of Number and Person[100][254]
The Future Tense—Shall and Will[102][256]
Complete or Compound Tenses[106][258]
Voice—Active and Passive[107][258]
Conjugation of the Six Tenses[108][258]
Use of the Passive Voice[110][258]
Progressive Verb-Phrases[113][260]
Emphatic Verb-Phrases[114][260]
Mood of Verbs[115][261]
Indicative Mood[115][261]
Imperative Mood[116][261]
Subjunctive Mood—Forms[118][261]
Uses of the Subjunctive[119][261]
Potential Verb-Phrases (Modal Auxiliaries)[124][262]
Special Rules for Should and Would[127][264]
The Infinitive[132][266]
The Infinitive as a Noun[134][266]
The Infinitive as a Modifier[136][266]
The Infinitive Clause[137][267]
Participles—Forms and Constructions[140][268]
Nominative Absolute[144][269]
Verbal Nouns in -ing (Participial Nouns)[145][269]
[CHAPTER VII—PREPOSITIONS]
List of Prepositions[148][270]
Special Uses of Prepositions[149][270]
[CHAPTER VIII—CONJUNCTIONS]
Coördinate (or Coördinating) Conjunctions[151][270]
Subordinate (or Subordinating) Conjunctions[153][270]
Correlative Conjunctions[153][270]
[CHAPTER IX—INTERJECTIONS]
Interjections[155][272]
Exclamatory Expressions[155][272]
[CHAPTER X—CLAUSES AS PARTS OF SPEECH]
Clauses as Parts of Speech[157][272]
Adjective Clauses[157][272]
Adverbial Clauses[158][272]
Noun (or Substantive) Clauses[159][272]
[CHAPTER XI—THE MEANINGS OF SUBORDINATE CLAUSES]
Clauses of Place and Time[163][272]
Causal Clauses[164][272]
Concessive Clauses[164][272]
Clauses of Purpose and Result[166][274]
Conditional Sentences[167][274]
Forms of Conditions[169][274]
Present and Past Conditions[170][274]
Future Conditions[171][274]
Clauses of Comparison[173][275]
Indirect Discourse[173][277]
Shall and Will, Should and Would in Indirect Discourse[177][278]
Indirect Questions[179][280]
Shall and Will, Should and Would in Indirect Questions[182][281]
PART THREE—ANALYSIS
[CHAPTER I—THE STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES]
Analysis—the Elements[183][282]
Simple Sentences[184][282]
Compound Sentences[185][282]
Complex Sentences[186][282]
Compound and Complex Clauses[186][287]
Compound Complex Sentences[187][283]
[CHAPTER II—ANALYSIS OF SENTENCES]
Simple Sentences[188][283]
Compound Sentences[188][283]
Complex Sentences[189][283]
Compound Complex Sentences[190][283]
[CHAPTER III—MODIFIERS]
Modifiers in General[191][283]
Modifiers of the Subject[192][283]
Modifiers of the Predicate[196][284]
[CHAPTER IV—COMPLEMENTS]
Use of Complements[200][285]
The Direct Object[201][285]
The Predicate Objective[202][285]
The Predicate Nominative[202][285]
The Predicate Adjective[203][285]
[CHAPTER V—MODIFIERS OF COMPLEMENTS AND OF MODIFIERS]
Modifiers of Complements[205][286]
Modifiers of Other Modifiers[207][286]
[CHAPTER VI—INDEPENDENT ELEMENTS]
Four Kinds of Independent Elements[209][286]
Parenthetical Expressions[209][286]
[CHAPTER VII—COMBINATIONS OF CLAUSES]
General Principles[210][287]
Coördination and Subordination[210][287]
Clauses—Simple, Compound, Complex[211][287]
Complex Sentences[186][282]
Simple Sentences with Compound Subject or Predicate[212][287]
Compound and Complex Sentences[213][287]
Compound Complex Sentences[215][287]
Varieties of the Complex Sentence[216][287]
Special Complications in Complex Sentences[220][288]
Special Complications in Compound Complex Sentences[222][288]
[CHAPTER VIII—ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES]
Ellipsis in Clauses and Sentences[224][288]
Varieties of Ellipsis[225][288]
Examples of Elliptical Constructions[226][288]
[EXERCISES]
Exercises on Part One [227]
Exercises on Part Two [233]
Exercises on Part Three [282]
[APPENDIX]
Lists of Verbs [291]
Conjugation of the Verb to be [300]
Conjugation of the Verb to strike [301]
Use of Capital Letters [305]
Rules of Punctuation [306]
Rules of Syntax [311]
The English Language [316]
[Index] [321]