An Advanced English Grammar with Exercises

by George Lyman Kittredge; Frank Edgar Farley

[A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G] [H] [I] J [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] X [Y] Z

• A for on (a-fishing), [147], [149].
• A or an, [77] ff.;
  • distributive, [79].
• About, with infinitive, [105], [135].
• Absolute construction, [144]. See [Nominative].
• Absolute use of transitive verbs, [92].
• Abstract nouns, [29] f.
• Accusative, [52].
• Action, nouns in -ing, [145] ff.
• Active voice, [107] ff. See [Passive].
• Adjective, [5], [75] ff.;
  • descriptive and definitive, [5], [75] f.;
  • proper, [75];
  • compound, [75];
  • pronominal, [76] (cf. [62] ff.);
  • attributive, appositive, predicate, [76] f.;
  • articles, [77] ff;
  • comparison, [79] ff., [88] f.;
  • numerals, [89] f.;
  • noun as adjective, adjective as noun, [9], [78];
  • participle as, [143];
  • adjective in exclamations, [155] f.;
  • as modifier of subject, [192] f.
  • See [Adjective pronoun], [Predicate adjective].
• Adjective clauses, [20], [66], [86], [157] f.;
  • place or time, [163] f.;
  • as modifiers of subject, [192] f.;
  • of complement, [206].
• Adjective phrases, [16], [157];
  • comparison of, [89];
  • as modifiers of subject, [192] f.;
  • as complements, [204];
  • as modifiers of modifiers, [207].
• Adjective pronouns, [62] ff.;
  • demonstrative, [62] ff.;
  • indefinite, [64] f.
• Adverb, defined, [7];
  • classification, forms, and use, [83] ff.;
  • relative or conjunctive, [86];
  • interrogative, [86];
  • comparison, [87] ff.;
  • numeral, [89] f.;
  • in exclamations, [155] f.;
  • as modifier, [196] f., [206], [208].
• Adverbial clauses, [20] f., [86], [158] f.;
  • place or time, [163] f.;
  • causal, [164];
  • concessive, [164] f.;
  • purpose or result, [166] f.;
  • conditional, [167] ff.;
  • comparison, degree, manner, [173];
  • indirect question, [180];
  • as modifiers of predicate, [196] f.;
  • of complement, [206];
  • of modifiers, [207] f.
• Adverbial objective, [53];
  • clause as, [158] f.;
  • as modifier, [198].
• Adverbial phrases, [16], [53], [142], [158];
  • numeral, [90];
  • as modifiers of predicate, [196] f., [198] ff.;
  • of complement, [206];
  • of modifiers, [207] f.
• Advising, verbs of, with infinitive clause, [138].
• Affirmative, [85].
• A-fishing, etc., [147], [149].
• After, preposition, [148];
  • relative adverb, [86], [157], [164].
• Agreement, of predicate nominative with subject, [41], [57] f.;
  • of appositive, [42], [47], [53], [57];
  • of pronoun with antecedent, [55], [65];
  • of relative with antecedent, [68], [102];
  • of verb with subject, [97], [100] ff.
• All, [65].
• Alternative conditions, [168];
  • questions, [179].
• Although. See [Though].
• Analysis, [183] ff.;
  • structure of sentences, [183] ff.;
  • analysis, with models, [188] ff.;
  • simple sentences, [188];
  • compound, [188] f.;
  • complex, [189] f.;
  • compound complex, [190];
  • modifiers, [191] ff.;
  • complements, [200] ff.;
  • modifiers of complements and of modifiers, [205] ff.;
  • independent elements, [209];
  • combinations of clauses, [210] ff.;
  • elliptical sentences, [224] ff.
  • See further under these several heads.
• Anglo-Saxon, [xv], [316] f.
• Animals, names of, gender, [32];
  • pronouns, [69].
• Another, [64] f.
• Antecedent of pronoun, [4];
  • agreement, [55], [65], [68], [102];
  • unexpressed, [71] ff.;
  • what, [71];
  • compound relatives, [72] f.
• Any, anything, [64] f.
• Apodosis, [168].
• Apostrophe, [43] ff., [56], [311].
• Appear, with predicate nominative or adjective, [6] f., [76], [93].
• Apposition, [42]. See [Appositive].
• Appositive, case of, [42], [47], [53], [57];
  • with possessive, [47];
  • infinitive as, [134] f.;
  • clause as, [159] ff., [167], [174], [180], [196];
  • appositive as modifier, [195] f., [207].
• Appositive adjective, [76].
• Appositive phrase, [195].
• Archaisms, [xvii]. See [Old].
• Articles, [77] ff.;
  • generic, [77];
  • repeated, [78];
  • with verbal noun, [147].
• As, relative pronoun, [67];
  • relative adverb, [86], [153];
  • conjunction, [153];
  • in concession, [165];
  • in clauses of degree, [173].
• As if, as though, [122], [153], [173];
  • as to, with infinitive, [167].
• Asking, verb of, two objects, [50];
  • retained object, [112];
  • with indirect question, [179] ff. (cf. [160]).
• Assertion, [2], [5], [13].
• Attribute. See [Predicate adjective], [Predicate objective].
• Attributive adjective, [76].
• Aught, naught, [65].
• Authorship, [43].
• Auxiliary verbs, [6], [91];
  • in future, [102] ff.;
  • in compound tenses, [106];
  • in passive, [108] ff.;
  • in progressive form, [113] f.;
  • in emphatic form, [114];
  • replacing subjunctive, [123];
  • in potential verb-phrases, [124] ff.

• Be, [6] f., [93];
  • conjugation, [99], [118] f., [300] f.;
  • auxiliary of passive, [108] ff.;
  • of progressive form, [113];
  • ellipsis of, [114], [144], [164] f., [169], [224] f.;
  • predicate pronoun after, [139].
  • See [Predicate nominative].
• Become, with predicate nominative or adjective, [6] f., [76], [93].
• Before, preposition, [148];
  • relative adverb, [86], [157], [163] f.;
  • with subjunctive, [122];
  • with should, [130].
• Believing, verbs of, with infinitive clause, [138].
• Biblical style. See [Solemn].
• Bid, with infinitive, [138].
• Both, pronoun, [64].
• Both ... and, [15], [153].
• But, adverb, [135].
• But, coördinate conjunction, [152];
  • subordinate, [153] f.;
  • elliptical constructions, [154].
• But, preposition, [148];
  • with infinitive, [135].

• Calling, verbs of, two objects, [50];
  • predicate nominative after passive, [111].
• Can, could, [124] ff., [299].
• Capital letters, [27] ff., [75];
  • rules, [305].
• Cardinal numerals, [89] f.
• Case, [40] ff.;
  • nominative, [40] ff.;
  • possessive, [43] ff.;
  • objective, [47] ff.;
  • of appositives, [42], [47], [53], [57].
  • See [Pronouns].
• Cause, clauses of, [164];
  • nominative absolute, [144].
• Chaucer, [xv], [43], [49], [85], [317] f.
• Choosing, verbs of, two objects, [50];
  • predicate nominative after passive, [111].
• Clauses, independent and subordinate, [16] ff.;
  • as parts of speech, [19] ff., [157] ff.;
  • infinitive, [137] ff.;
  • simple, compound, complex, [210] ff.;
  • combination of, [210] ff.
  • See [Adjective], [Adverbial], [Noun], [Infinitive clause].
• Clauses, subordinate, classified according to meaning, [163] ff.;
  • place and time, [163] f.;
  • cause, [164];
  • concession, [164] f.;
  • purpose and result, [166] f.;
  • conditional, [167] ff.;
  • comparison and manner, [173];
  • indirect discourse, [173] ff.;
  • indirect questions, [179] ff.
• Cognate object, [52];
  • it as, [58];
  • as modifier, [199].
• Collective nouns, [29] f.;
  • verbs with, [101] f.
• Colloquial forms and constructions, [xvi], [38], [57] ff., [61], [69], [100], [112], [120], [149], [155].
• Colon, [309] f.
• Color, adjectives of, [84].
• Combinations of clauses, [210] ff.
• Come, have (or am) come, [107].
• Comma, [70], [306] ff.
• Command, with shall or will, [105], [118];
  • as condition, [169];
  • verbs of, with infinitive clause, [138];
  • with noun clause, [160], [167].
  • See [Imperative].
• Common gender, [31].
• Common nouns, [27] ff.;
  • personification, [28] f.
• Comparative and superlative, of adjectives, [79] ff., [88] f.;
  • of adverbs, [87] ff.;
  • use, [88] f.;
  • comparative with the, [86].
• Comparison, clauses of, [173].
• Comparison of adjectives, [79] ff., [88] f.;
  • of adverbs, [87] ff.;
  • use of, [88] f.
• Complementary infinitive, [137].
• Complementary object, [50]. See [Predicate objective].
• Complements. See [Object], [Predicate objective], [Predicate nominative], [Predicate adjective].
• Complements, classified, [200] ff.;
  • direct object, [201];
  • predicate objective, [202];
  • predicate nominative, [202] f.;
  • predicate adjective, [203] f.
• Complements, modifiers of, [205] f.
• Complete predicate. See [Predicate].
• Complete predication, [200].
• Complete subject. See [Subject].
• Complete tenses, [106] f.
• Complete verbs, [200].
• Complex clauses, [18], [187], [211] f., [215] f., [219] ff.
• Complex compound. See [Compound complex].
• Complex sentences, [17] ff., [186];
  • analyzed, [189] f.;
  • varieties of, [216] ff.
• Compound adjectives, [75].
• Compound clauses, [151], [186], [210] ff.
• Compound complex sentences, [18], [187], [215] f.;
  • analyzed, [190], [222] f.
• Compound conjunctions, [153].
• Compound nouns, [30], [146] f.;
  • plural, [36];
  • possessive, [46] f.
• Compound personal pronouns, [60] ff.;
  • intensive and reflexive, [61] f.;
  • relatives, [72] f.
• Compound predicate, [15], [184] f., [212] f.
• Compound sentences, [17] ff., [185];
  • analyzed, [188] f.;
  • elaboration of, [213] f.
• Compound subject, [15], [184] f., [212] f.;
  • agreement, [100] f.
• Compound tenses, [106] f.
• Concerning, [142], [149].
• Concession, moods in, [120] ff.;
  • should and would in, [123], [131];
  • clauses of, [164] ff.
• Conclusion, [168].
• Conditional clauses and sentences, moods in, [120] ff., [170] ff.;
  • forms and meaning, [167] ff.;
  • classification, [169] ff.;
  • past and present, [170] f.;
  • non-committal and contrary to fact, [170] f.;
  • future, [171] f.;
  • shall, will, should, would, [130] f.
• Conjugation, [25], [94] ff.;
  • indicative present and past, [98] f.;
  • future, [102];
  • active and passive, [108] ff.;
  • progressive, [113] f.;
  • potential verb-phrases, [124] f.;
  • tables of, [300] ff.
• Conjunction, defined, [8];
  • classification and use, [151] ff.;
  • coördinate or coördinating, [151] f.;
  • subordinate or subordinating, [151], [153] f.;
  • correlative, [153] f.;
  • adverb, preposition, and, [152] f.;
  • and adverb, [150].
• Conjunctive adverbs and pronouns. See [Relative].
• Considering, [142], [149].
• Construction, [xiv], [25] ff.
• Contractions: it’s, [56];
  • I’ll, we’ll, [104];
  • let’s, [120];
  • may n’t, ought n’t, [126];
  • I’d, we’d, [130].
• Contrary to fact, conditions, [170] f.
• Coördinate (coördinating) conjunctions, [151] f.
• Coördinate clauses, [17] ff., [185] ff., [210] ff.
• Coördination in sentences, [210] ff. See [Coördinate].
• Copula. See [Be].
• Copulative verbs, [6] f., [76], [93]. See [Be].
• Correlative conjunctions, [153] f.
• Could. See [Can].

• Dare, [137], [299].
• Dash, [310].
• Dative, [52], [60].
• Declarative sentences, [2].
• Declaring, verbs of, with infinitive clause, [138].
• Declension of nouns, [40];
  • of personal pronouns, [55] f.;
  • of self-pronouns, [60];
  • of demonstratives, [63];
  • of relatives, [67];
  • of compound relatives, [72];
  • of interrogatives, [73].
• Defective verbs, [299].
• Definite article, [77] ff.
• Definitive adjectives, [5], [75] f.
• Degree, adverbs of, [84];
  • clauses of, [173].
  • See [Comparison].
• Deity, words for the, [305].
• Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives, [62] ff.
• Dependent. See [Subordinate].
• Descriptive adjectives, [4], [75];
  • relatives, [70] f.
• Desiring, verbs of, with infinitive, [137];
  • with noun clause, [160], [167].
• Did. See [Do].
• Direct address, nominative in, [42];
  • independent element, [209].
• Direct discourse, [174] ff.
• Direct object. See [Object].
• Direct quotations, [173] f.;
  • questions, [179].
• Do, did, in questions, [114];
  • in emphatic verb-phrases, [114];
  • in imperative, [117];
  • as substitute for some other verb, [114].
• Double comparison, [88];
  • conditions, [168].
• Doubting, verb of, with indirect question, [179] (cf. [160]).

• Each, each other, [64] f.
• Editorial we, [57].
• Either, [64];
  • either ... or, [15], [153].
• Elder, eldest, [81].
• Elements. See [Subject], [Predicate], [Modifiers], [Complements], [Independent].
• Ellipsis, understood words, etc., [3], [47], [58], [63], [69], [71], [114], [117], [19] f., [121] f., [133], [144], [149], [153] f., [155], [160], [164] f., [169], [173], [175], [224] ff.
• Elliptical sentences, [224] ff.
• ’em, [57].
• Emphasis, superlative of, [88].
• Emphatic verb-phrases, [114];
  • imperative, [117].
• -en, plural ending of nouns, [35];
  • old plural ending of verbs, [99].
• Endings, in inflection, [25];
  • gender, [33];
  • number, [34] ff.;
  • case, [40];
  • possessive, [43] f.;
  • comparison, [80] ff., [87];
  • adverbs, [83] ff.;
  • tense, [95] f.;
  • personal endings, [97] f.
• English language, [xi] ff.;
  • history of, [316] ff.
• Errors of speech, [37], [45], [56], [58], [60], [62], [64] f., [74], [77], [88], [102] ff., [126], [128] ff., [133] ff., [139], [147].
• Even if, [153], [164] f.
• Every, everybody, everything, [64] f.
• Except, with infinitive, [135].
• Exclamation, nominative in, [42], [57], [156];
  • objective me, [60];
  • infinitive, [136];
  • various parts of speech, [155] f.;
  • phrases, [155] f.;
  • clauses, [169];
  • as independent element, [209].
  • See [Interjection].
• Exclamation point, [155], [306].
• Exclamatory sentences, [2] f., [74];
  • phrases, [155] f.;
  • expressions, [155] f., [209].
  • See [Exclamation], [Interjection].
• Exercises, [227–290]. See Table of Contents, [v].
• Exhortations, [120].
• Expectation, subjunctive, [122] f.;
  • should, [130].
• Expletive. See [It], [There].
• Extent, possessive of, [46].
• Eyne, [35].

• Feel, with predicate adjective, [77];
  • with infinitive, [136].
• Feminine. See [Gender].
• Few, [65].
• Figures, plural of, [36].
• For, conjunction, [152].
• For, preposition, [148], [152];
  • with infinitive, [135];
  • with infinitive clause, [139].
• Foreign plurals, [37].
• Fractional parts, [90].
• Future conditions, [171] f.
• Future perfect tense, [106].
• Future tense, [94], [102] ff. See [Shall, will].

• Gender, [31] ff.;
  • of nouns and pronouns, [31];
  • special rules for nouns, [32] ff.;
  • of pronouns, [56];
  • of relatives, [67] ff.
  • See [Personification].
• Generally speaking, [142].
• Generic article, [77].
• Genitive. See [Possessive].
• Gerund, [146].
• Giving, verbs of, direct and indirect object, [50];
  • retained object, [112].
• Go. See [Motion].
• Going to, [105].
• Grammar, nature and principles of, [xi] ff.
• Granted that, [168].

• Habitual action, [127].
• Had rather, etc., [123];
  • had to, [126].
• Half, [102].
• Have, had, [6], [95];
  • auxiliary in compound tenses, [106] ff., [141].
• He, [56];
  • for he or she, [65].
• Hear, with infinitive, [136].
• Hem, old pronoun, [57].
• His, as neuter, [56].
• Hosen, [35].
• How, [86].
• However, [152];
  • in concessions, [165].
• Hyphen, [30], [311].

• I’d, we’d, [130].
• Idioms, nature of, [xv].
• If, [153];
  • in conditions, [168] ff.;
  • in wishes, [169];
  • in indirect questions, [179].
• Ill, [81], [87].
• I’ll, we’ll, [104].
• Imperative mood, [116] ff.;
  • in exclamations, [156];
  • as a condition, [169].
• Imperative sentences, [2] f., [116] ff.;
  • subject of, [2], [117].
• Impersonal it, [58]. See [It].
• In case that, [153];
  • in order that, [153], [166];
  • in order to, [167].
• Incomplete predication, [200];
  • verbs, [200].
• Indefinite article, [77] ff.;
  • pronouns and adjectives, [64] f.;
  • nouns, [65];
  • relatives (whoever, etc.), [72] f.
• Independent clauses, [17] f. See [Clauses].
• Independent elements, [209].
• Independent participles, [142].
• Indicative mood, [115] f.;
  • variety of use, [116];
    • in statements and questions of fact, [116];
    • in commands, [105], [118];
    • in concessions, [121];
    • in conditions, [170], [172].
• Indirect discourse, [173] ff.;
  • tenses in, [175];
  • passive, [175] f.;
    • shall, should, will, would, [177] f.
• Indirect object, [50] f.;
  • retained with passive, [112];
  • of participial nouns, [146];
  • as modifier, [199].
• Indirect questions, [179] ff.;
  • infinitive in, [181];
  • subjunctive in, [181];
  • shall, should, will, would, [182].
• Indirect quotations, [173] ff.
• Infinitive, [11] ff., [132] ff.;
  • forms, [107], [133];
  • object and modifiers, [134];
  • uses, [134] ff.;
  • as noun, [11] ff., [134];
  • as object, [135];
  • as nominative of exclamation, [136];
  • as modifier, [136] f., [194], [197] f.;
  • with see, hear, feel, [136];
  • complementary, [137];
  • of purpose, [137], [167];
  • in verb-phrases, [12];
  • in future, [102];
  • in emphatic forms, [114], [117];
  • in potential verb-phrases, [124] ff.;
  • with ought, tenses, [126];
  • in indirect questions, [181];
  • in verb-phrases, see [Future], [Future perfect], [Emphatic], [Potential].
• Infinitive clause, [137] ff.;
  • as object, [138] f.;
  • as subject, [139];
  • predicate pronoun in, [139];
  • expressing purpose, [167];
  • indirect discourse, [175].
• Infinitive phrase, [194].
• Inflection, nature and function of, [xiii] f., [25];
  • summary of, [26];
  • of nouns, [30] ff.;
  • of pronouns, [55] ff.;
  • of adjectives, [79] ff.;
  • of verbs, [94] ff.;
  • lists of verb-forms, [291] ff.
• -ing, verbal nouns in, [145] ff. See [Participial nouns].
• Intensive pronouns, [61] f.
• Interjections, defined, [8];
  • use, [155] f.;
  • as independent elements, [209].
• Interrogation point, [306].
• Interrogative adverbs, [86];
  • with clauses, [157];
  • in indirect questions, [179];
  • with infinitive, [181].
• Interrogative pronouns, [73] f.;
  • as adjectives, [74];
  • with prepositions, [150];
  • with clauses, [157];
  • in indirect questions, [179] ff.;
  • with infinitive, [181].
• Interrogative sentences, [2] f.;
  • order in, [3];
  • do, did in, [114];
  • direct and indirect questions, [179] ff.
• Intransitive verbs, [48] f., [92] f.;
  • voice, [111];
  • in passive with preposition, [111].
• Inverted order, [3], [85], [121] f., [161].
• Irregular verbs, [95], [99];
  • participles, [141];
  • lists, [291] ff.
• Is. See [Be].
• It, [56];
  • impersonal, [58];
  • expletive, [58], [135], [161], [175] f.;
  • cognate object, [58].