And is a conjunction.
56. A common noun becomes a proper noun when used as the particular name of a ship, a newspaper, an animal, etc.
- Nelson’s flagship was the Victory.
- Give me this evening’s Herald.
- My dog is named Rover.
- The Limited Express is drawn by the Pioneer.
57. A proper noun often consists of a group of words, some of which are perhaps ordinarily used as other parts of speech.
Examples:
- James Russell Lowell,
- Washington Elm,
- Eiffel Tower,
- Firth of Clyde,
- North Lexington Junction,
- Stony Brook,
- Westminster
- Abbey,
- Measure for Measure,
- White House,
- Brooklyn Bridge,
- Atlantic Railroad,
- Sherman Act,
- The Return of the Native,
- Flatiron Building.
Note. These are (strictly speaking) noun-phrases ([§ 41]); but, since all are particular names, they may be regarded as proper nouns.
58. A proper noun becomes a common noun when used as a name that may be applied to any one of a class of objects.
- The museum owns two Rembrandts and a Titian.
- I exchanged my old motor car for a new Halstead.
- My fountain pen is a Blake.
- Lend me your Webster.
- He was a Napoleon of finance.
- I am going to buy a Kazak.
59. Certain proper nouns have become common nouns when used in a special sense. These generally begin with a small letter.