[578]. ās, assis, penny, is masculine. vās, vessel, utensil, and the defectives fās, right, and nefās, wrong, are neuter.
[579]. Substantives in -nis are masculine; also twenty-nine others in -is, as follows:
| axis, callis, caulis, anguis, | axle, path, cabbage, snake |
| fascis, fūstis, lapis, sanguī̆s, | bundle, club, stone, blood |
| piscis, postis, pulvī̆s, ēnsis, | fish, post, dust, glaive |
| torquis, torris, unguis, mēnsis, | twisted collar, firebrand, nail, month |
| vectis, vermis, vōmis, collis, | lever, worm, ploughshare, hill |
| glīs, canālis, also follis, | dormouse, conduit, ball |
| cassēs, sentēs, veprēs, orbis, | nets, brambles, thorns, plurals, circle |
| cucumis, and sometimes corbis. | cucumber, basket |
būrim, ploughtail, accusative only, is also masculine. A few of the above are sometimes feminine: as, amnis, anguis, callis, canālis, cinis, fīnis, fūnis, torquis, veprēs, &c.
[580]. Four in -s preceded by a consonant are masculine: dēns, tooth, fōns, fountain, pōns, bridge, mōns, mountain; also factors of twelve: sextāns, one sixth, quadrāns, triēns, dōdrāns, dēxtāns; rudēns, rope, once. adeps, fat, and forceps, pincers, are masculine or feminine. stirps, stock, is sometimes masculine.
[581]. calix, cup, fornix, arch, and trādux, vinelayer, are masculine; also substantives in -ūnx and -ex; except nex, murder, and precī, prayer, dative, no nominative, which are feminine; also rarely grex, herd. cortex, bark, forfex, scissors, silex, flint, and obice, barrier, ablative, no nominative, are either masculine or feminine. calx, heel, and calx, lime, are sometimes masculine, also lūx, light, in the ablative in old Latin.
NEUTER.
[582]. Substantives in -c, -e, -l, -n, -t, in -ar, -ur, -us, and -ūs, are neuter: as,
lac, milk; mare, sea; animal, animal; carmen, song; caput, head; calcar, spur; fulgur, lightning; corpus, body; iūs, right.
[583]. sōl, sun, pecten, comb, liēn, spleen, rēnēs, kidneys, plural, and furfur, bran, are masculine. So usually sāl, salt, but sometimes neuter in the singular. fār, spelt, is neuter.