[724.] Only transitive verbs have all persons of the passive. Intransitive verbs have in the passive only the third person singular, used impersonally; the participle in this construction is neuter.
[725.] Some verbs have only the passive person endings, but with a reflexive or an active meaning; such are called Deponents: see [798].
[726.] The person endings are as follows:
| Voice. | Active. | Passive. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mood. | Ind. & Sub. | Imperative. | Ind. & Sub. | Imperative. | ||||
| Number. | Sing. | Plur. | Sing. | Plur. | Sing. | Plur. | Sing. | Plur. |
| First person. | -m | -mus | not used | not used | -r | -mur | not used | not used |
| Second person. | -s | -tis | none, -tō | -te, -tōte | -ris, -re | [-minī] | -re, -tor | [-minī] |
| Third person. | -t | -nt | -tō | -ntō | -tur | -ntur | -tor | -ntor |
[727.] In the perfect indicative active, the second person singular ends in -tī, and the third person plural in -runt for an older -ront, or in -re. -re is most used in poetry and history, and by Cato and Sallust; -runt by Cicero, and almost always by Caesar.
[728.] In the indicative -m is not used in the present (except in sum, am, and inquam, quoth I), in the perfect or future perfect, or in the future in -bō. -s is not used in es for ess, thou art, and in ēs, eatest ([171, 1]).
[729.] In inscriptions, -d sometimes stands for -t ([149, 2]) in the third person singular, and sometimes -t is not used: as, FECID, made, for fēcit; DEDE, gave, for dedēt or dedit. And other forms of the third person plural of the indicative active are sometimes used: as, Pisaurian DEDROT, DEDRO (with syncope, [111]) for dederunt, gave; EMERV, bought, for ēmērunt; once DEDERI, probably for dedēre ([856]).
[730.] In the passive second person singular, Terence has always, Plautus commonly -re; later it is unusual in the present indicative, except in deponents; but in other tenses -re is preferred, especially in the future -bere, by Cicero, -ris by Livy and Tacitus. The second person plural passive is wanting; its place is supplied by a single participial form in -minī, which is used without reference to gender, for gender words and neuters alike ([297]).
[731.] Deponents have rarely -mino, in the imperative singular: as, second person, prōgredimino, step forward thou (Plaut.); in laws, as third person: FRVIMINO, let him enjoy; or -tō and -ntō for -tor and -ntor: as, ūtitō, let him use; ūtuntō, let them use. In a real passive, -ntō is rare: as, CENSENTO, let them be rated.