[769.] edō, eat, has a present system with a formative vowel like regō throughout ([782]); but in some parts of the present, and of the imperfect subjunctive, parallel root forms are usually found, with d of the root changed to s, and the vowel lengthened ([135]), as may be seen in the following:
| Principal parts: edō,ēsse, ēdī, ēsus. | ||
| INDICATIVE MOOD. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular. | Plural. | |
| Pres. | edō, ēs or edis, ēst oredit | edimus, ēstis or editis,edunt |
| SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | ||
| Pres. | edim, edīs, edit | edīmus, edītis, edint |
| Imp. | ēssem, ēssēs, ēsset | ēssēmus, ——, ēssent |
| IMPERATIVE MOOD. | ||
| ēs or ede, ēstō or editō | ēste or edite | |
| INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | |
| Pres. | ēsse | edēns |
[770.] For ēs, see [728]; for edim, &c., [841]. In the passive, the indicative present ēstur is used, and imperfect subjunctive ēssētur. The perfect participle ēsus is for an older ēssus ([170, 7]). Supines ēssum, ēssū (Plaut.).
[771.] comedō, eat up, has also the following root forms: comēs, comēst, comēstis; comēstō; comēsse; comēssēs, comēsset, comēssēmus. The present subjunctive has also comedim, comedīs, comedint. The participle perfect is comēssus, comēsus, or comēstus, future comēssūrus. exedō, eat out, has exēst and exēsse; subjunctive exedint. adedō, eat at, has adēst.
[772.] volō (nōlō, mālō) and ferō have the bare root in some parts only of the present system; in other parts the root extended by a formative vowel, like regō ([782]). volō (nōlō, mālō) lack some forms, as will be seen below.
[(2.) volō, will, wish, want, am willing (vol-, vel-).]
| Principal parts: volō,velle, voluī, ——. | ||
| INDICATIVE MOOD. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular. | Plural. | |
| Pres. | volō, vīs, volt or vult | volumus, voltis or vultis,volunt |
| Imp. | volēbam, volēbās, volēbat | volēbāmus, volēbātis, volēbant |
| Fut. | volam, volēs, volet | volēmus, volētis, volent |
| Perf. | voluī, voluistī, voluit | voluimus, voluistis, voluērunt or-re |
| Plup. | volueram, voluerās, voluerat | voluerāmus, voluerātis, voluerant |
| F. P. | voluerō, volueris, voluerit | voluerimus, volueritis, voluerint |
| SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. | ||
| Pres. | velim, velīs, velit | velīmus, velītis, velint |
| Imp. | vellem, vellēs, vellet | vellēmus, vellētis, vellent |
| Perf. | voluerim, voluerīs, voluerit | voluerīmus, voluerītis, voluerint |
| Plup. | voluissem, voluissēs, voluisset | voluissēmus, voluissētis,voluissent |
| INFINITIVE. | PARTICIPLE. | |
| Pres. | velle | volēns |
| Perf. | voluisse | |
[774.] volo for volō is rare ([2443]). volt and voltis became vult and vultis about the time of Augustus ([141]). For volumus, see [142]; velim, &c., [841]; vellem, &c., velle, [166, 8]. sīs, an thou wilt, is common for sī vīs (Plaut., Ter., Cic., Liv.). sultis, an ‘t please you, is used by Plautus for sī voltis.
[775.] nōlō, won’t, is formed from ne-, not, and volō, juxtaposed, and mālō, like better, abbreviated from māvolō for *magsvolo ([779], [170, 2]).