[860.] In compounds the reduplication is commonly dropped: as,
cecidī, fell, compound concidī, tumbled down. Compounds of cucurrī, ran, sometimes retain the reduplication: as, prōcucurrī. Compounds of bibī, drank, didicī, learned, poposcī, asked, stitī, set, stetī, stood, and dedī, gave, put, retain it, the last two weakening e to i: as, restitī, staid back. abscondidī, hid away, usually becomes abscondī; in apparent compounds, e is usually retained: as, circum stetī, stood round, vēnum dedī, put for sale. The reduplication is also lost in the simple verbs tulī, carried, old tetulī, and in scindō, split, scidī, which last is rare as a simple verb.
[861.] Some compounds with re- drop only the vowel of the reduplication ([111, a]): as, reccidī, fell back; rettulī, brought back (see also [781]); repperī, found; rettudī, beat back. Some perfects occur only in composition: as, percellō, knock down, perculī; cōntundō, smash to pieces, contudī; diffindō, split apart, diffidī; but fidī also occurs a couple of times as a simple verb.
[862.] (2.) Some verbs in -ere have a perfect stem consisting of a consonant root with a long vowel ([135, 1]): as,
| Perfect Stem. | Verb. | From Theme. |
|---|---|---|
| ēd- | edō, eat | ed- |
| lēg- | legō, pick up, read | leg- |
Other examples are: fodiō, dig, fōdī; fundō, pour, fūdī; linquō, leave, līquī; see [936-946]. Three verbs in -ēre also have this form, sedeō, sit, sēdī, strīdeō, grate, strīdī, videō, see, vīdī; and one in -īre, veniō, come, vēnī.
[863.] The following verbs in -ere with a in the present stem, have long ē in the perfect stem ([145]):
agō, do, ēgī, frangō, break, frēgī, pangō, fix, rarely pēgī, but always compēgī, impēgī, oppēgī; capiō, take, cēpī, faciō, make, fēcī, iaciō, throw, iēcī. So also the old co-ēpī, began, common coepī.
[864.] Two verbs in -āre and some in -ēre have a perfect stem consisting of a root which ends in -v- and has a long vowel: iuvō, help, iuvāre, iūvī, lavō, wash, lavāre or lavere, lāvī; caveō, look out, cavēre, cāvī; see [996].
[865.] Verbs in -uō, -uere, both primitives and denominatives, have usually a perfect stem in short u of the theme ([124]): as, luō, pay, luī; acuō, sharpen, acuī: see [947], [948]. Forms with long ū are old and rare ([126]): as, fūī, adnūī, cōnstitūī, īnstitūī. fluō, flow, and struō, pile, have flūxī and strūxi ([830]).