[1094.] A demonstrative, determinative, or relative pronoun used substantively takes the number and gender of the substantive it represents; the case depends on the construction of the clause in which it stands: as,
erant peditēs, quōs dēlēgerant; cum hīs in proeliīs versābantur; ad eōs sē recipiēbant; hī concurrēbant, 1, 48, 5, there were foot-soldiers whom they had picked out; with these men they kept company in action; upon them they would fall back; these people would always rally. Hippiās glōriātus est ānulum quem habēret, pallium quō amictus, soccōs quibus indūtus esset, sē suā manū cōnfēcisse, DO. 3, 127, Hippias bragged he had made with his own hand the ring which he wore, the cloak in which he was wrapped; and the slippers which he had on.
[1095.] Sometimes, however, the number and gender of these pronouns are determined by the sense, and not by the form of the substantive represented: as,
equitātum omnem praemittit, quī videant, 1, 15, 1, he sends all the horse ahead, for them to see. hīc sunt quīnque minae. hoc tībī̆ erus mē iussit ferre, Pl. Ps. 1149, here are five minae; this my master bade me bring for thee. Domitius Massiliam pervenit atque ab iīs receptus urbī praeficitur, Caes. C. 1, 36, 1, Domitius arrived at Massilia, and was received by the people and put in charge of the town. ad hirundinīnum nīdum vīsast sīmia adscēnsiōnem ut faceret admōlīrier; neque eās ēripere quībat inde, Pl. R. 598, up to a swallow-nest methought an ape did strive to climb; nor could she snatch the nestlings thence; the eās refers to hirundinēs, implied in hirundinīnum.
[1096.] A pronoun representing two or more substantives sometimes takes the number and gender of the nearest. But usually it is plural, and its gender is determined like that of an adjective ([1087]).
[1097.] A demonstrative, determinative, or relative pronoun used substantively is generally attracted to the number and gender of a predicate substantive in its own clause: as,
haec est nōbilis ad Trāsumennum pūgna, L. 22, 7, 1, such is the far-famed fight at Trasumene, 217 B.C. ista quidem vīs est, Suet. Iul. 82, now that I call an outrage, Caesar’s dying words, 44 B.C. But with a negative, sometimes the neuter: as, nec sopor illud erat, V. 3, 173, nor was that sleep.
[1098.] A demonstrative, determinative, or relative pronoun in agreement with a substantive is often equivalent to a genitive limiting the substantive: as,
hōc metū vagārī prohibēbat, 5, 19, 2, by fear of this he stopped the prowling round. is pavor perculit Rōmānōs, L. 21, 46, 7, the panic occasioned by this demoralized the Romans. quā spē adductī, 4, 6, 4, impelled by the hope of this.