[1134.] Some verbs, in addition to the accusative, often take an infinitive also: thus, eum vident sedēre, V. 5, 107, they see him sit, they see that he is sitting. Here the accusative eum, originally the object, they see him, becomes at the same time the subject of the new statement appended, sedēre, sit, thus giving rise to the construction known as the accusative with the infinitive.
[1135.] Instead of the proper accusative of the object, another accusative is sometimes substituted, denoting the ultimate result: as,
rūpēre viam, L. 2, 50, 10, they broke a path, i.e. they broke through the obstacles, and so made a path. foedusque ferī, E. 33, and strike a covenant, i.e. strike a victim, and so make a covenant.
[1136.] In Plautus, quid tibī̆ with a substantive of action in -tiō and est, has an accusative like a verb used transitively: as, quid tibī̆ hanc cūrātiōst rem? Pl. Am. 519, what business hast thou with this?
[1137.] Many verbs ordinarily used intransitively, particularly verbs of motion, have a transitive use when compounded with a preposition.
Such prepositions are, ad, circum, ex, in, ob, per, prae, praeter, trāns, and some others: as, plūrēs paucōs circumsistēbant, 4, 26, 2, a good many took their stand round a few. Caesar omnem agrum Pīcēnum percurrit, Caes. C. 1, 15, 1, Caesar runs over the whole Picene territory. praeterīre nēmō pristrīnum potest, Pl. Cap. 808, no man can pass the mill. flūmen trānsiērunt, 4, 4, 7, they crossed the river.
[1138.] A few verbs with a transitive use, have, when compounded with circum and trāns, besides the accusative of the object, a second accusative of the thing to which the preposition refers: as, istum circumdūce hāsce aedīs, Pl. Most. 843, take that man round this house. Caesar funditōrēs pontem trādūcit, 2, 10, 1, Caesar takes the slingers over the bridge. trānsfer līmen aureolōs pedēs, Cat. 61, 166, over the threshold put thy little golden foot. In the passive, the accusative connected with the preposition is sometimes retained: as, Apollōniam praetervehuntur, Caes. C. 3, 26, 1, they sail by Apollonia.
[1139.] Verbs of weeping and wailing, and some other verbs of feeling, which commonly have an intransitive use, sometimes have a transitive use with an accusative: as,
([a.]) lūget senātus, maeret equester ōrdō, Mil. 20, the senate is in mourning, the equestrian order betrays its sadness. (b.) mātrōnae eum lūxērunt, L. 2, 7, 4, the married women wore mourning for him. maereō cāsum eius modī, Fam. 14, 2, 2, I cannot help showing my grief over a misfortune of such a kind. quid mortem congemis ac flēs, Lucr. 3, 934, why dost thou death bewail and weep? Such verbs are fleō, weep, gemō, wail, lāmentor, queror, bewail, doleō, am distressed, lūgeō, mourn, maereō, betray sadness. Similarly, horreō, shudder, reformīdō, am in dread, fastīdiō, feel disdain, rīdeō, laugh, &c., &c. The object is oftener a thing than a person, and passive constructions are rare, and mostly confined to poetry.