[1263.] (1.) The genitive is used with many adjectives to denote the object.
Such are chiefly adjectives meaning (a.) desirous, (b.) knowing, or remembering, (c.) participating, controlling, or guilty, (d.) full, and most of their opposites: as, (a.) aurī cupidus, Pl. Poen. 179, eager for gold. sapientiae studiōsōs, id est enim philosophōs, TD. 5, 9, devotees of wisdom, for that is what ‘philosophers’ means. So also aemulus, avidus, fastīdiōsus, invidus. (b.) gnārus rē̆ī pūblicae, Br. 228, familiar with government. rē̆ī mīlitāris perītissimus, 1, 21, 4, a master of the art military. hominēs adulēscentulōs, inperītōs rērum, T. Andr. 910, mere hobbledehoys, not up in the world’s ways. imperītus mōrum, RA. 143, behind the times. immemor beneficiōrum, memor patriae, Ph. 2, 27, forgetful of kindnesses, never forgetting his country. So also cōnscius, cōnsultus, īnscius, īnsolēns, īnsolitus, īnsuētus, iēiūnus, prōvidus, prūdēns, rudis. (c.) praedae participēs, Caes. C. 3, 82, 1, sharing in the booty. manifestus tantī sceleris, S. I. 35, 8, caught in committing this atrocious crime. expers glōriae, IP. 57, without a share in the glory. So also adfīnis, compos, cōnsors, exhērēs, potēns, reus. (d.) negōtī plēnus, Pl. Ps. 380, full of business. fōns plēnissimus piscium, V. 4, 118, a fountain swarming with fish. refertō praedōnum marī, IP. 31, when the sea was crammed with corsairs. So also fertilis, inops, līberālis, nūdus, prōfūsus.
[1264.] In poetry and late prose, a great many other adjectives of these meanings, besides those mentioned above, are also used with the genitive. Such are principally: (a.) avārus, cūriōsus, incūriōsus, sēcūrus. (b.) nescius, praesāgus, praescius, scītus. (c.) exsors, immūnis, impos, impotēns, innocēns, innoxius, īnsōns, noxius, suspectus. (d.) abundāns, dīves, egēnus, inānis, indigus, largus, parcus, pauper, prōdigus, sterilis, vacuus.
[1265.] With cōnscius and the genitive of a thing, the dative of a person is sometimes added: as, tot flāgitiōrum exercituī meō cōnscius, Ta. 1, 43, a participant with my army in so many outrages. Sometimes cōnscius has the dative of a thing: as, mēns cōnscia factīs, Lucr. 3, 1018, the mind of guilt aware.
[1266.] (2.) The genitive of the object is often used with present participles which express permanent condition.
These participles are chiefly from verbs which have a transitive use. Not common in old Latin: as, amantem uxōris, Pl. As. 857, devoted to his wife, fugitāns lītium, T. Ph. 623, inclined to dodge a suit at law. Very common in Cicero: as, semper appetentēs glōriae praeter cēterās gentīs fuistis, IP. 7, you have always been more hungry for glory than any other nation. Especially in set expressions: as, homo amantissimus patriae, Sull. 34, vir amantissimus rē̆ī pūblicae, C. 4, 13, ever a devoted patriot. negōtī gerentēs, Sest. 97, business men. aliēnī appetēns, DO. 2, 135, S. C. 5, 4, always hankering after other people’s things. In Caesar seldom: as, fugiēns labōris, C. 1, 69, 3, apt to shirk exertion.
[1267.] The genitive is hardly ever found with adjectives in -āx ([284]): as, huius re͡i mendācem, Pl. As. 855, untruthful in this point. But in poetry, from Vergil and Horace on, and in late prose, a few genitives occur with adjectives whose parallel verbs have a transitive use, such as capāx, edāx, tenāx, &c.: as, tempus edāx rērum, O. 15, 234, thou all-devourer—time.
[1268.] Some of the adjectives which usually take the genitive have occasionally other constructions.
Thus, with adfīnis the dative also occurs ([1200]), rarely with aemulus ([1183]); the ablative with adjectives of fulness, as dīves, plēnus, and refertus ([1387]); iūre with cōnsultus and perītus ([1385]). For vacuus, &c., see [1306]. Prepositional constructions also occur with these adjectives, such as the accusative with ad or in, or the ablative with ab, dē, or in: see the dictionary.