reliquīs deincēps diēbus, 3, 29, 1, the remaining successive days. dē suīs prīvātim rēbus, 5, 3, 5, in relation to their personal interests. undique silvae, Plin. Ep. 1, 6, 2, the surrounding woods. Particularly when the substantive expresses character, like an adjective: as, vērē Metellus, Sest. 130, a trueblooded Metellus. rūsticānus vir, sed plānē vir, TD. 2, 53, a country man, but every inch a man.
[1440.] Perfect participles used as substantives are commonly qualified by an adverb, and not by an adjective. Particularly so dictum, factum, inventum, respōnsum, with bene and male, and their synonymes: as, rēctē ac turpiter factum, 7, 80, 5, heroism and cowardice. bene facta male locāta male facta arbitror, E. in Off. 2, 62, good deeds ill put, bad deeds I count. In superlative qualifications, however, the adjective is preferred.
[1441.] Other substantives also may be qualified by an adverb, when a verb construction or a participle is implied: as, C. Flāminius cōnsul iterum, Div. 1, 77, Flaminius in his second consulship. ō totiēns servos, H. S. 2, 7, 70, time and again a slave. ictū comminus, Caecin. 43, by a hand-to-hand blow. pūblicē testem, V. 2, 156, a government witness. populum lātē rēgem, V. 1, 21, a nation regnant wide. lātē tyrannus, H. 3, 17, 9, lord paramount far and near.
[1442.] An adverb sometimes takes the place of a substantive: as, cum amīcī partim dēseruerint mē, partim etiam prōdiderint, QFr. 1, 3, 5, since my friends have some of them abandoned me, and others again have actually betrayed me, i.e. aliī . . . aliī. postquam satis tūta circā vidēbantur, L. 1, 58, 2, finding every thing round about looked pretty safe, i.e. quae circā erant. palam laudārēs, sēcrēta male audiēbant, Ta. H. 1, 10, his outward walk you would have admired; his private life was in bad odour, i.e. quae palam fīēbant.
[Negative Adverbs.]
[1443.] (1.) The negative oftenest used in declaration or interrogation is nōn, not: as,
nōn metuō mihi, Pl. B. 225, I fear not for myself. nōn semper imbrēs nūbibus hīspidōs mānant in agrōs, H. 2, 9, 1, not always from the clouds do showers on stubbly fields come dripping dropping down. nōn dīcēs hodiē? H. S. 2, 7, 21, will you not say without delay?
[1444.] nōn is a modification of noenum or noenu, compounded of ne, no, and the accusative oinom or oenum, the older form of ūnum, one thing. noenum occurs in Plautus twice, in Ennius, Lucilius, Afranius, and Varro, once each, and noenu occurs twice in Lucretius ([99]).
[1445.] Negation is often expressed by other compounds of ne. In such cases the Latin idiom frequently differs from the English, and a transfer of the negative is required in translation.
Such compounds are: (a.) Verbs, such as negō, nequeō, nesciō, nōlō: as, negat vērum esse, Mur. 74, he maintains it is not true. (b.) Nouns, such as nēmō, neuter, nūllus, nihil: as, nēminī meus adventus labōrī fuit, V. 1, 16, my visit did not trouble anybody. (c.) Adverbs, such as numquam, nusquam. (d.) Similarly, the conjunction neque is used for and not, but not, unless a single word is to be emphasized or contrasted: as, nec frūstrā, 8, 5, 3, and not in vain.