ēvocāte hūc Sōsiam, Blepharōnem arcēssat, Pl. Am. 949, call Sosia here, let him fetch Blepharo. clārē advorsum fābulābor, hic auscultet quae loquar, Pl. Am. 300, I’ll speak distinctly face to face, that he may hear what I shall say. operam hanc subrupuī tibī̆, ex mē scīrēs, Pl. Am. 523, I did this secretly for you, that you might learn from me. manibus date līlia plēnīs, purpureōs spargam flōrēs, V. 6, 883, lilies in handfuls give, I fain would scatter purple flowers, that is, that I may scatter.
[THE COMPLEX SENTENCE, OR SUBORDINATION.]
[1714.] In a complex sentence, that is one consisting of a main and a subordinate sentence, the subordinate member is introduced by some subordinating word: such are,
I. Interrogative words, in indirect questions; II. Relative pronouns; III. Relative conjunctive particles, or conjunctive particles not of relative origin.
[1715.] Subordinate sentences may have the value of a substantive, usually as subject or as object; of an attributive; or of an adverb or adverbial adjunct: as,
([a.]) eādem nocte accidit ut esset lūna plēna, 4, 29, 1, it came to pass the same night that there was a full moon. videō quid agās, Fam. 16, 17, I see what you are driving at. (b.) fundus quī est in agrō, quī Sabīnus vocātur, eum meum esse aiō, Mur. 26, the estate which is in the territory which is called Sabine, that I maintain is mine, lawyers’ wordiness for fundus Sabīnus. (c.) cum advesperāsceret, ad pontem Mulvium pervēnērunt, C. 3, 5, when it was getting dark, they reached the Mulvius bridge, i.e. vesperī, or prīmō vespere.
[1716.] Subordinate sentences which express time or place, are called Temporal or Local sentences; comparison or manner, Comparative or Modal sentences; condition, cause, or concession, Conditional, Causal, or Concessive sentences; purpose, Final sentences; result, Consecutive sentences.
[1717.] In a main sentence, the indicative present, future, and future perfect, and the imperative, are called Primary Tenses; the indicative imperfect, historical perfect, and pluperfect, and the infinitive of intimation, are called Secondary Tenses. The perfect definite and the present of vivid narration are sometimes regarded as primary tenses, oftener as secondary tenses.
[1718.] Verbs which have an implication of futurity, such as those meaning can, ought, must, &c., with an infinitive, also subjunctives of wish ([1540]) or of exhortation ([1547]), may be called Virtual Futures.