With the Infinitive.
[1898.] When the main clause is an infinitive, quam is often followed by an infinitive: as,
mālim morīrī me͡os quam mendīcārier, Pl. Vid. 96, better my bairns be dead than begging bread. vōcēs audiēbantur prius sē cortice ex arboribus vīctūrōs, quam Pompēium ē manibus dīmissūrōs, Caes. C. 3, 49, 1, shouts were heard that they would live on the bark of trees sooner than let Pompey slip through their fingers.
[quamquam.]
[1899.] (1.) quamquam is used in old Latin as an indefinite adverb, ever so much, however much: as,
quamquam negōtiumst, sī quid veis, Dēmiphō, nōn sum occupātus umquam amīcō operam dare, Pl. Mer. 287, however busy I may be ([1814]), if anything you wish, dear Demipho, I’m not too busy ever to a friend mine aid to lend. id quoque possum ferre, quamquam iniūriumst, T. Ad. 205, that also I can bear, however so unfair. From an adverb, quamquam became a conjunction, although.
[1900.] (2.) quamquam, although, introduces the indicative in the concession of a definite fact. In the later writers it is also sometimes used with the subjunctive, sometimes with a participle or an adjective.
([a.]) quamquam premuntur aere aliēnō, dominātiōnem tamen exspectant, C. 2, 19, though they are staggering under debt, they yet look forward to being lords and masters. quamquam nōn vēnit ad fīnem tam audāx inceptum, tamen haud omnīnō vānum fuit, L. 10, 32, 5, though the bold attempt did not attain its purpose, yet it was not altogether fruitless. This is the classical use; but see [1901]. (b.) nam et tribūnīs plēbis senātūs habendī iūs erat, quamquam senātōrēs nōn essent, Varro in Gell. 14, 8, 2, for even the tribunes of the people, though they were not senators, had the right to hold a meeting of the senate. haud cunctātus est Germānicus, quamquam fingī ea intellegeret, Ta. 2, 26, Germanicus did not delay, though he was aware this was all made up. This use is found first in Varro, often in the Augustan poets, sometimes in Livy, always in Juvenal. It does not become common before Tacitus and the younger Pliny. (c.) sequente, quamquam nōn probante, Amynandrō, L. 31, 41, 7, Amynander accompanying though not approving ([1374]). nē Aquītānia quidem, quamquam in verba Othōnis obstricta, diū mānsit, Ta. H. 1, 76, Aquitania, though bound by the oath of allegiance to Otho, did not hold out long either. This use is found once each in Cicero and Sallust, half a dozen times in Livy, oftener in Tacitus.
[1901.] The subjunctive is also used often with quamquam for special reasons, as by attraction ([1728]), in indirect discourse ([1725]), and of action conceivable ([1731]).