Alexandri, Gill. P. convex, umb. viscid, yellowish-tan, appendiculate; g. adnato-decur. flesh-colour; s. slender, wavy, whitish, with a fibrillose cinnamon veil, base bulbous, volva torn at free edge.

acetabulosa, Sacc. (= Acetabularia acetabulosa, B.). P. 2-3 cm. tan, edge deeply striate; g. free, brown; s. 4-5 cm. white, hollow, volva small.

PHOLIOTA, Fr.

  1. A. Humigeni. Terrestrial, not attached to mosses; rarely caespitose.
    1. * Spores rusty.
    2. aurea, Matt. P. 8-14 cm. hemispher. exp. obtuse, somewhat velvety, pulverulent or obsoletely squamulose, golden tawny; g. adnexed, ventricose, paler than p.; s. 10-16 cm. stuffed, nearly equal, even; sp. 10 × 5.
    3. var. Vahlii, Schum. P. even, glabrous; g. almost free.
    4. caperata, Pers. P. 6-11 cm. ovate, exp. with incrusted white flecks, yellow; g. adnate, clay-colour; s. 8-14 cm. white, ring superior, thin, apex scaly; sp. 12 × 4-5.
    5. terrigena, Fr. (incl. P. Cookei, Fr.). P. 3-5 cm. exp. fibrillosely silky, dingy yellow; g. adnate, pale yellow rusty olive; s. 4-5 cm. equal, variegated with rusty wart-like scales; veil forming a ring and appendiculate; sp. 5 × 3. (10 × 4-6.)
    6. [Secretani, Fr. P. convex, exp. yellow with darker deciduous scales, then glabrous; g. adnate, golden then orange; s. solid, bulbous, floccosely squamulose below ring.
    7. erebia, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. glabrous, rather viscid, lurid umber then pale, edge striate; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. pallid, apical ring reflexed and striate; sp. ——.
    8. ombrophila, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. even, rusty, hygr.; g. ventricose; s. 6-9 cm. hollow, pallid, ring entire, distant; sp. 8 × 3.5. (13-14 × 6-7 Sacc.)
    9. var. brunneola, Fr. P. obtuse, brown; g. narrow.
    10. togularis, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. even, pale ochre; g. yellowish; s. 6-9 cm. apex pale, ring median; sp. 8 × 3.5.
    11. var. filaris, Fr. P. thin, campan. exp. obtuse, even, ochre; g. adnate, ventricose, yellow then pale rusty; s. filiform, wavy, glabrous, pallid, ring entire, distant.
    12. Smaller than type, and s. not so yellow.
    14. blattaria, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. exp. subumb. rusty, hygr. edge striate; g. rounded and free, ventricose, cinnamon; s. 2-3 cm. equal, straight, rusty, ring white; sp. 4 × 2.
    15. ** Spores rusty-fuscous.
    16. dura, Bolton. P. 4-5 cm. rather compact, exp. glabrous, at length cracked into areolae, edge even, tawny then paler; g. adnate; s. 8-12 cm. hard, pale ochre, apex mealy, ring somewhat torn; sp. 8-9 × 5-6.
    17. var. xanthophylla, Bres. G. sulphur yellow then umber; sp. 12-14 × 7-8.
    18. praecox, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. soft, exp. obtuse, even, pallid tan; g. crowded, white then fuscescent; s. 4-9 cm. cylindrical, downy then glabrous, ring white; sp. 8-13 × 6-7.
    19. var. minor, Fr. Small; ring torn, appendiculate.
    20. [phragmatophylla, Guern. P. convex, depr. round broad umbo, maroon-bay then paler; g. narrow, adnato-decur. connected by numerous veins; s. tinged brown, squamulose, ring persistent, whitish.
    21. sphaleromorpha, Bull. P. 4-7 cm. yellowish, even, soon expanded; g. rather broad, slightly decur. dry, yellowish then tawny; s. 5-8 cm. silky, pale, base thickened, ring distant, membranous; sp. 10 × 7.
    22. [gibberosa, Fr. P. exp. dry, tan, umbo darker; g. quite free, closely crowded; s. slender, equal, white, ring torn.
  2. B. Truncigeni. Growing on wood, or epiphytic; often clustered.
    1. * Pileus naked, not scaly but usually rivulose; gills pallid then rufous or fuscous.
    2. radicosa, Bull. Smell strong. P. 4-9 cm. equal, obtuse, even, glabrous, spotted, pale greyish tan; g. free, ventricose; s. 8-14 cm. solid, rooting, mealy above, squarrosely scaly below ring; sp. 9 × 4.5.
      1. + Gills pallid then fuscous, olive, clay-coloured, not pure rusty.
      2. destruens, Brig. P. unequal, yellowish white, with paler large woolly floccose scales when dry; g. striato-decur. crenulate, broad, umber at last; s. solid, narrowed upwards, white-scaly, base swollen and rooting, ring fugacious; sp. 8-9 × 5-6.
      3. Parasitic on living trees.
      4. comosa, Fr. P. 7-14 cm. convex, viscid, tawny with whitish deciduous scales; g. subdecur. white then brownish tan; s. 7-9 cm. solid, rather bulbous, white, ring floccose, soon disappearing; sp. 12 × 6. (7.5-8.5 × 5-6 Sacc.)
      5. [magna, Schulz. P. convex-umb. wood-yellow, with broad scattered adpressed scales; g. sinuate, yellow then umber; s. cylindrical, thick, squarrosely scaly, yellowish; sp. 8-11 × 4-6.
      6. heteroclita, Fr. P. 6-14 cm. exp. very obtuse, subexcentric, whitish or yellowish, with scattered scales; g. very broad; s. 6-9 cm. solid, hard, bulbous, rooting, whitish, fibrillose, veil apical; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.
      7. [cerifera, Karst. P. convex, even, upper stratum thick, waxy-gelatinous, glabrous, yellow, edge white-squamulose at first; g. crowded, broad, pallid; s. central, solid, equal, curved, rooting, hard, white-squamulose, whitish; sp. 8-10 × 6-7.
      8. aurivella, Batsch. P. 7-14 cm. campan. convex, gibbous, tawny yellow, with darker scales, rather viscid; g. sinuato-adfixed; s. 8-14 cm. curved, with rusty adpressed squamules, ring rather distant; sp. 5 × 2.5. (8-9 × 4-5 Sacc.)
      9. var. filamentosa, Schaeff. P. thinner, scales adnate, concentric, ring floccoso-radiate.
      10. squarrosa, Müll. Smell strong. P. 5-9 cm. campan. convex, exp. dry, rusty saffron, with darker concentric, squarrose, revolute scales; g. narrow, pallid olive then rusty; s. 6-11 cm. squarrosely scaly up to ring; sp. 8 × 4.
      11. var. Mülleri, Fr. P. obtuse, pallid, adpressedly scaly, moist; g. fuscescent.
      12. var. reflexa, Schaeff. P. thin, cuspidately umbonate, scaly; s. partly hollow, long, equal.
      13. var. verruculosa, Lasch. P. compact, obtuse, yellow, papillate scales crowded, cinnamon; s. villosely squamulose.
      14. [humicola, Quel. P. campan. convex, pale yellow, spotted; g. yellow; s. slender, fistulose, yellowish, spotted; sp. 11-12 long.
      15. Probably a var. of Pholiota squarrosa.
      16. subsquarrosa, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, viscid, rusty brown with darker adpressed floccose scales; g. almost free, crowded, yellow then dingy tan; s. 5-8 cm. rusty yellow, with darker scales up to zone of ring; sp. ——.
      17. Differs from P. squarrosa in nearly free g.
      18. [djakovensis, Schulz. P. pulvinate-umb. fleshy, edge for a long time bent down, golden, darker and adpressed scaly at disc, very viscid in rain; g. crowded, free, tan then purple-brown, edge entire; s. somewhat rooting, ascending, subbulbous, scaly up to ring, colour of p.; sp. 4-5 long.
      19. [fusca, Q. P. 5-8 cm. convex, umb. viscid, brown with buff flecks near the edge; g. pale then lilac, at length brown; s. fibrous-fleshy, curved, subbulbous, yellowish-white, apex pulverulent, covered with fine flecks below the floccose annular zone; sp. 13 long.
      20. ++ Gills yellow then pure rusty or tawny.
      21. spectabilis, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. compact, exp. dry, bright tawny orange then paler, broken up into fibrous scales; g. adnato-decur. crowded, narrow, yellow then rusty; s. 6-9 cm. solid, ventricose, rooting, ring inf.; sp. 9 × 4.
      22. A destructive parasite on timber trees.
      23. [villosa, Fr. P. exp. dry, everywhere floccosely villose, yellow tawny; g. narrow, yellow; s. elongated, stout, fibrillose, base thickened, yellow, ring narrow, entire.
      24. adiposa, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. yellow, glutinous, with darker, concentric, deciduous scales; g. adnate, broad; s. 7-14 cm. subbulbous, yellow, with darker glutinous squamules; sp. 7 × 3-4.
      25. An injurious parasite to beech and ash.
      26. lucifera, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. exp. then umb. viscid, yellow with darker adpr. deciduous scales; g. crenulate, narrow; s. 3-5 cm. equal, rather squamulose, base rusty, ring inf.; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.
      27. [violacea, Vogl. P. convex, viscid, violet, disc darkest; g. arcuato-decur. brownish, edge eroded; s. dark violet, ring distant, violet.
      28. flammans, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. exp. subumb. dry, tawny with superficial sulphur squamules; g. crowded, entire, yellow; s. 5-7 cm. equal, rather wavy, squarrosely scaly up to ring; sp. 8 × 4. (4 × 2, Sacc.)
      29. Junonia, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. obtuse, dry, glabrous, yellow or tawny yellow; g. yellow then tawny; s. 5-9 cm. solid, equal, incurved, scurfy above entire ring; sp. 7-9 × 4.5-5.
      30. tuberculosa, Schaeff. P. 3-5 cm. exp. dry, tawny yellow, broken up into adpressed innate squamules; g. broad, serrulate; s. 3-4 cm. incurved, bulbous, ring deciduous; sp. 7 × 4.
      31. curvipoda, A. and S. P. 3-5 cm. exp. tawny yellow, torn into floccose adpressed scales; g. adnate, broad; s. 3-5 cm. thin, incurved, fibrillose, ring floccosely radiating, yellow; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
      32. [Kolaënsis, Karst. P. convex-exp. yellow, covered with rusty or cinnamon indumentum; g. at first yellowish; s. incurved, short, rusty and fibrillosely scaly below.
      33. muricata, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, umbil. dry, yellow with tawny fasciculate flocci forming a muricate or granular covering; g. broad, yellow; s. thin, squamulose below the fugacious ring.
      34. [tersa, Fr. P. exp. adpressedly squamulose, entirely yellow; g. free; s. elongated, equal, rusty below.
      35. [trichocephala, Trog. P. campan. exp. obtuse, with shining straw-coloured hair-like squamules; g. free, distant, white then rusty; s. solid, base thickened, glabrous.
      36. cruentata, Cke. and Sm. P. 4-5 cm. exp. dry, yellow, breaking up into darker adpressed scales, edge incurved; g. yellow then tan; s. curved, colour of p. 3-5 cm. curved, base dark red brown, rooting, ring superior. Flesh red; sp. ——.
    3. pudica, Fr. P. 3-7 cm. exp. even, dry, glabrous, whitish or tinged tawny; s. 3-5 cm. solid, even, whitish, ring spreading, persistent; sp. 6-7 × 3.5.
    4. leochroma, Cke. P. 3-6 cm. exp. glabrous, tawny; g. adnate; s. 6-9 cm. nearly equal, solid, whitish, ring sup. tawny; sp. ——.
    5. [radicellata, Gill. P. ovoid then convex, striate, deep yellow-ochre; g. numerous, slightly adnexed, colour of p.; s. white, ring fugacious, long rooting.
    6. capistrata, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. edge incurved, slightly striate, pale dingy yellow, rather viscid; g. subdecur.; s. 6-9 cm. equal, squamulose, whitish, ring sup. spreading; sp. ——.
    7. [cylindracea, D. C. P. convex-gibbous, even, glabrous, rather viscid, dingy yellow, disc darker; g. adnexed, crowded, whitish then rusty; s. equal, rigid, subsquamulose, whitish, ring persistent apical, white; sp. 8 × 5.
    8. aegerita, Fr. P. 4-9 cm. exp. rivulose, rugulose, tawny, edge pale; g. adnate, pallid then fuscous; s. 8-14 cm. equal, silky-white, ring sup. tumid; sp. 10 × 5.
    9. [Brigantii, Fr. P. convex, white, reticulately sulcate then cracked into wart-like areolae, polygonal, apex truncate and fuscous; g. with decur. tooth; s. solid, equal, white with bay scales, ring apical subobsolete.
    10. luxurians, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex-gibbous then exp. unequal, silky then squamulose, pale then rufo-fuscous; g. decur. greyish flesh-colour then fuscous; s. 3-5 cm. white then tawny, solid, rigid, floccose, ring apical, imperfect; sp. 10 × 4.
    11. ** Pileus scaly, not hygr., gills becoming discoloured.
    12. *** Gills cinnamon (not yellow at first).
    13. paxillus, Fr. Entirely cinnamon. P. 7-12 cm. convexo-gibbous then exp. even, moist, rather wavy; g. decur. broad; s. 8-14 cm. solid, elongated, stout, ring narrow, spreading; sp. ——.
    14. dissimulans, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. exp. edge involute, often gibbous or obtusely umb. hygr. slightly viscid, lurid then pale; g. sinuately adnate; s. 3-4 cm. thickened downwards, white, ring superior; sp. 7 × 4.
    15. confragosa, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. exp. hygr. floccosely-scurfy, edge striate, rufous cinnamon then tawny; g. adnate, closely crowded; s. 4-5 cm. fistulose, equal, fibrillose below spreading ring; sp. 8 × 4.
    16. [sublutea, Fl. Dan. P. exp. umb. squamulose, moist, edge striate, yellow; g. decur.; s. stuffed, glabrous, yellow, ring spreading.
    17. phalerata, Fr. P. exp. glabrous but with superficial deciduous pale scales, yellow; g. adnato-decur.; s. fasciculately pilose, adpressedly flocculose above distant ring.
    18. mutabilis, Schaeff. P. 2.5-9 cm. exp. subumb. glabrous, deep cinnamon then pale; g. adnato-decur. crowded; s. 3-9 cm. rigid, squarrosely scaly up to ring, base dark rusty; sp. 9-11 × 5-6.
    20. [gregaria, Wettst. P. convex then exp. glabrous, edge thin, striate; sometimes becoming raised, pale fuscous centre darker; g. adnato-decur. broad, crowded, pallid then cinnamon; s. erect or curved, fistulose, fibrous, tough, slender, squarrosely squamulose up to spreading rusty ring, rusty below and pale above ring; sp. 6-8 × 4.
    21. marginata, Batsch. P. 2-3 cm. exp. glabrous, hygr. edge striate, honey-colour then pale; g. adnate, crowded; s. 3-5 cm. not scaly, ring fugacious, dark base with white velvety down; sp. 7-8 × 4.
    22. P. mutabilis differs in scaly s.
    23. sororia, Karst. P. convex, exp. slightly striate, squamulose, tawny-cinnamon; g. sinuato-adnate, crowded; s. equal, wavy, colour of p. then paler, variegated with white squamules, apex scurfy; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
    24. Close to Pholiota marginata.
    25. mustelina, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan.-convex, even, glabrous, dry, yellow then ochre; g. adnate, tawny cinnamon; s. 2-2.5 cm. even, pallid, white-mealy above superior ring, base thickened, with white down; sp. ——.
    26. unicolor, Fl. Dan. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan.-convex, subumb. hygr. bay then ochre; g. subtriangular; s. 3-4 cm. colour of p., ring slender; sp. 9-10 × 5.
    27. [mellea, Karst. P. convex exp. even, glabrous, honey-colour; g. crowded, fuscescent; s. wavy, glabrous, whitish, ring persistent; sp. 8-12 × 6-9.
    28. Differs from Pholiota unicolor in colour.
  3. C. Muscigeni. Resembling a Galera with a ring; hygr.
  4. pumila, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. hemispher. even, ochre; g. adnate, crowded, broad, yellow then pallid; s. 3-4 cm. slender, ring fugacious, forming a zone; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.
  5. [muscigena, Q. Honey yellow then pale ochre. P. campan. umb. thin, striate; g. triquetrous, thin, pale then ochre; s. slender, fistulose, fibrillose, slightly striate, cottony at the base; ring membranous, narrow, saffron-ochre; sp. 8-9 long.
  6. mycenoides, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. campan.-convex, everywhere striate, hygr. rusty then tawny or pallid; g. adnate; s. 3-4 cm. rusty, glabrous, ring white; sp. 8-10 × 5-6.
  7. rufidula, Kalchbr. P. exp. depr. not striate, rather rufous brick-red then pale, white-flocculose at edge; g. adnate, branched; s. watery rufescent, white-fibrillose, ring superior; sp. 8-10 × 4-6.

PLUTEOLUS, Fr.

reticulatus, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. campan. exp. viscid, reticulated with raised anastomosing wrinkles, pale violet; g. free, rusty saffron; s. 3-5 cm. fragile, fibrillose; sp. 7 × 4.

[dictyotus, Kalchbr. Entirely pale ochraceous. P. campan. exp. umb. dry, with anastomosing raised veins; g. free; s. fragile, even, glabrous.

Differs from P. reticulatus in colour, and in growing on the ground.

aleuriatus, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. conical then convexo-plane, viscid, striate, grey, livid, rosy, &c.; g. free, ventricose, saffron-ochre; s. thin, pulverulent, subincurved, white; sp. ——.