AGARICUS, L.

  1. A. Edules. Large, fleshy.
  2. augustus, Fr. P. 8-14 cm. globose then exp. very obtuse, disc even, rest fibrillosely-scaly, pale yellow-brown; g. crowded, narrow, fuscous, remote from stem; s. 8-14 cm. solid, ring superior, large, areolately squamulose below; sp. 6 × 3.5. Edible.
  3. peronatus, Mass. P. hemispher. then exp. dull ochre, densely scaly; g. distant from stem, crowded, purple-brown; s. 10-14 cm. equal, marginately bulbous, hollow, with large spreading white scales up to broad spreading ring; sp. 6 × 4. Edible.
  4. Differs from A. augustus in hollow, peronate stem.
  5. elvensis, B. and Br. P. 9-15 cm. subglobose then exp. fibrillose, broken up into large persistent brown scales, edge warted; g. crowded; s. 8-12 cm. narrowed at base, fibrillose, ring large, thick, warted below; sp. 8 × 4. Edible.
  6. [praenitens, Beck. P. hemispher. exp. white, with densely imbricated chestnut scales which become smaller and denser at disc; g. remote, purple-brown, edge white; s. clavato-bulbous, concentrically scaly up to large ring, white; sp. 7-8 × 5.
  8. arvensis, Schaeff. P. 10-24 cm. conico-campan. then exp. smooth, even, white often stained yellow, flesh white, unchangeable; g. close to stem, narrow; s. 6-12 cm. hollow, whitish, floccosely stuffed, ring pendulous, double, exterior radiately split; sp. 6 × 4. (9-11 × 6 Sacc.) Edible.
  9. var. purpurascens, Cke. Smaller than type. P. tinged purple.
  10. Differs from Ag. xanthodermus in the persistently white flesh.
  11. xanthodermus, Genev. (= Ag. flavescens, Roze.) P. 6-10 cm. fleshy, convex, even, glabrous, greyish-white, cuticle becoming yellowish when touched, and the white flesh changing to yellow when broken; g. free, sinuate, pale rose then grey, finally purple-brown; s. cylindrical, stuffed, ring thin, flesh deep yellow at base, rest white; sp. ——.
  12. Differs from A. arvensis in flesh becoming yellow, and in yellow base of stem.
  13. [ammophilus, Ménier. P. convex, exp. thick, whitish; g. free, crowded, rosy; s. stout, solid, base more or less thickened, whitish, ring membranous, strongly adherent to apex of s. slightly striate, with a circular canal; sp. 6-7.5 × 4-7.
  14. cretaceus, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. globose then convex, shining white, at first smooth and silky, then fibrillosely squamulose; g. for a long time white, then blackish-brown; s. 6-8 cm. white, hollow, ring large, superior, fixed; sp. 9 × 6. Edible.
  15. pratensis, Schaeff. P. 4-7 cm. ovoid then exp. even or squamulose, greyish-white; g. rounded behind, grey then brown; s. 4-6 cm. stuffed, base thickened, naked, ring median, simple, deciduous; sp. 6 × 3.5.
  16. var. fulveolus, Lasch. P. squamuloso-fibrillose, yellowish or reddish; s. hollow, yellowish; g. tawny-denticulate.
  17. [Bernardii, Q. Compact, white, tomentose under a lens. P. 10-20 cm. convex then exp. cracked into areolae, greyish-white; s. solid, stout, ovate, striate at the apex, ring membranous, striate above; g. free, greyish-pink then bay-brown; flesh white, becoming purplish then brownish when broken; sp. subgl. 8.
  18. Foetid. Edible.
  19. campestris, L. 6-12 cm. convex then plane, floccosely silky or fibrillose, whitish, flesh reddish-brown when cut; g. close to stem, subliquescent, fleshy then umber; s. stuffed, even, white, ring median, torn; sp. 7-8 × 5-6. Edible.
  20. var. alba, Berk. P. rather silky white; s. short.
  21. var. praticola, Vitt. P. with rufous scales, flesh reddish.
  22. var. rufescens, Berk. P. rufous, minutely scaly; s. elongated.
  23. var. umbrina, Vitt. P. even, umber; s. stout, squamulose.
  24. var. fulvaster, Viv. P. even, ochraceous-tawny; s. solid; g. rosy then blackish.
  25. var. villaticus, Brond. P. cortex breaking up into scales; s. peronately scaly up to inf. ring.
  27. var. silvicola, Vitt. P. almost smooth, white, shining; s. stuffed, elongated, subbulbous, ring simple, flesh not changing colour.
  28. var. robustissimus, Pen. P. equal, large, 32 cm.; g. very broad, up to 2 cm.; s. tall, 13 cm. high, 6 cm. thick.
  29. var. exsertus, Viv. P. fleshy, almost even, glabrous, white, flesh red; s. hollow, slender, rather wavy, smooth ring small and torn, appendiculate.
  30. var. hortensis, Cke. P. fibrillose or squamulose, brownish. The variety commonly cultivated in England.
  31. var. costatus, Viv. P. sulcate, wavy.
  32. var. vaporarius, Otto. P. and s. with a brown pilose covering.
  33. var. exannulatus, Cke. P. squamulose; s. elongated, equal, solid, ring evanescent or obsolete.
  34. perrera, Schulz. (= Psal. Bresadolae, Schulz.) P. 8-10 cm. hemispher. then exp. yellowish, centre tawny, covered with concentrically arranged tawny scales; g. remote, crowded, joined in a ring behind, rosy then fuscous; s. equal, 9-10 cm. stuffed then hollow, base submarginately bulbous, with evanescent tawny scales below the large superior ring; sp. 8-10 × 5.
  35. [bitorquis, Q. P. 5-9 cm. globose then exp. almost glabrous, milk-white then cream or ochre at the edge; g. remote from s. becoming deep brown; s. solid, ovoid, glabrous, white, with a membranous ring near the apex and a volva-like ring near the base, separated by a concave notch; sp. 5-6 long. Edible.
  36. [flavescens, Gillet. P. globose then convex, dry, satiny, white, soon tinged yellow or reddish-yellow; g. broad, brown; stem with a turbinate bulb, white, suffused with reddish-yellow; flesh white, ring fugacious; sp. 8 × 4.
  37. silvaticus, Schaeff. P. 6-9 cm. thin, campan. then exp. gibbous, fibrillose or squamulose, centre brownish becoming paler at edge; g. crowded, dry; s. 8-12 cm. hollow, equal, whitish, ring simple, distant; sp. 7 × 4.
  38. haemorrhoidarius, Kalchbr. P. 7-12 cm. ovate then exp. rufous-brown, covered with broad adpressed scales, edge at first incurved, flesh deep red when broken; g. crowded, purple-umber; s. 8-11 cm. white, soon hollow, fibrillose base solid, subbulbous, stains red when bruised, ring superior, large; sp. 7-8 × 5. Edible.
  39. [sanguinarius, Karst. Flesh blood-red when broken. P. campan. exp. obtuse, usually wavy, even, pale fuscous, broken up into squamules; g. free, crowded, white, rosy-umber; s. elongated, subequal, curved, silky-flocculose then almost glabrous, white, ring superior, pendulous, fixed, persistent, areolately-scaly outside near edge; sp. 5-7 × 3-4.
  40. [niveorubens, Q. Floccose, shining white, everywhere becoming red.
  41. Quélet now considers this to be a form of Ag. sylvatica, Schaeff., to which sp. he also refers Ag. setigera, Paul., Ag. haemorrhoidaria, Kalchb., Ag. rubella, Gill., and Ag. Vaillantii, Roze and Rich.
  43. setiger, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, smooth and silky, pale umber; g. umber; s. stuffed, elongated, equal, squamuloso-fibrillose, colour of p., ring thin, fugacious.
  44. [rubellus, Gillet. P. exp. obtusely umb. with reddish scales, especially at the disc, which is deep red-brown, paler towards edge; g. crowded; s. hollow, cartilaginous, base swollen; ring fugacious; flesh white.
  45. [lecensis, Harz. Smells like aniseed. P. convex then almost plane, yellowish-white, often broken up into brown polygonal pyramidal patches; g. white, rosy-violet, then brown, both ends narrowed; s. solid, coarsely scaly above, white becoming tinted rosy or yellow; ring conspicuous, radiately striate, outside scaly; sp. 14-15 × 5.5-7.
  46. [caldarius, Wettst. P. convex then exp. white, disc even, brownish squamulose towards edge; g. remote, narrow; s. glabrous, whitish; sp. 9-14 × 5-11.
  47. B. Minores. Flesh of pileus thin.
  48. comptulus. P. 3-4 cm. convexo-plane, adpressedly silky, white; g. flesh-colour then rosy; s. 4-6 cm. hollow, yellowish-white, ring median; sp. 4-5 × 2-3.
  49. sagatus, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, tawny, glabrous; g. ventricose, umber; s. 4-5 cm. hollow, equal, pale, ring distant, spreading; sp. 6 × 3-4.
  50. [amethystinus, Q. P. 3-4 cm. convex then plane, umb. downy or fibrillose, white with the centre rose, lilac or amethyst; g. free, ventricose, clear grey then bay-brown; s. slender, with a silky pith, somewhat bulbous, fragile, glabrous, white, with a satiny, white ring; sp. 6-7 long.
  51. [semotus, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, brick-red, disc darker; g. rather distant from stem, pallid; s. fistulose, reddish and more or less peronate up to spreading ring, pale above; sp. 4-5 × 2-3.
  52. [dulcidulus, Kalchbr. P. plane, subgibbous, almost glabrous, dry, lurid white or ochre; g. crowded, grey then blackish; s. subbulbous, colour of p., ring median, persistent.
  53. Umbo often tinged fuscous or violet.
  54. rusiophyllus, Lasch. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, umbonate, silky, ruddy, becoming pale; g. crowded, rosy then brown; s. 3-4 cm. thickened downwards, white, ring persistent; sp. 5 × 3.
  55. [zonarius, Brond. P. 1 cm. convex, with pellucid brown-violet zones; g. free, rosy then bay-bistre; s. solid, elongated, ring membranous, white.
  56. [geniculatus, Brig. P. campan. exp. tumid, glabrous, pale bay, edge split here and there; g. free, remote from stem; s. bent, base thickened, ring inf.
  57. Remarkable in this genus for growing on wood.
  58. [haematospermus, Bull. P. campan. then exp. then umb. and scaly, brownish tan then blackish; g. rosy-blood-red then fuscous; s. fistulose, equal, glabrous, colour of p., ring median, erect; sp. 4-5 × 3.
  59. subgibbosus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. convexo-plane, umb. even, glabrous but silky towards edge, yellowish; g. remote from stem, white then greyish-fuscous; s. 2-3 cm. fistulose, slender, ring fugacious.

PILOSACE, Fr.

algeriensis, Fr. P. 6-10 cm. convex then exp. even, glabrous, white then disc tinged brownish; flesh very thick, white; g. very narrow, rosy then umber; s. 3-5 cm. very stout, white, base thickened, solid; sp. subgl. 8 µ.

[Bresadolae, Schulz. P. very thin and very fragile, irreg. campan. then exp. and edge wavy, margin split, pale yellow-fuscous, glabrous, even; g. free, blackish-brown, edge white-mealy; s. often slightly wavy, apex abruptly contracted, white; sp. 9 × 4-5.

Many plants spring from a subterranean fleshy mass.

[Phoenix, Fr. P. thin, campan. exp. even, glabrous, hygr. fuscous then pale; g. free, ventricose, pallid then umber; s. stuffed, striate, subbulbous, rooting, pallid.

STROPHARIA, Fr.

  1. A. Viscipelles. Pellicle of pileus even or scaly, often viscid.
    1. * Mundi. Not growing on dung.
    2. [depilata, Pers. P. exp. even, glabrous, viscid, yellowish-livid then tan; g. adnato-decur. broad, white then blackish; s. solid, with white revolute squarrose white scales below the ample ring; sp. 11-14 × 6-8.
    3. Percevali, B. and Br. P. 3-5 cm. rather viscid, umb. then exp. ochre, scaly at first near edge; g. adnexed, broad distant; s. 5-7 cm. squamulose up to ring, dark inside; sp. 12-14 × 6.
    4. S. squamosa differs in adnate, crowded g.
    5. versicolor, With. P. 3-7 cm. convexo-plane, scaly, edge incurved; g. decur. pallid then reddish-brown; s. 5 cm. whitish then brownish, ring persistent.
    6. A species about which little is known.
    7. aeruginosa, Curt. P. 4-7 cm. convex then exp. subumb. or quite plane, at first with bluish-green mucus and sometimes with white squamules, then yellowish; g. adnate, purplish; s. 5-6 cm. viscid, squamulose below ring, tinged green, often quite glabrous; sp. 10 × 5.
    8. Very variable within certain limits. Often stout and deep coloured in shady woods. Slender and soon dry in open pastures.
    10. squamulosa, Massee (= S. aeruginosa; var. squamulosa, Mass.). P. 4-6 cm. soon plane, deep verdigris-green, dry, squamulose; g. crowded, brown; s. 5-7 cm. stout, fibrilloso-squamulose, green, ring fragmentary; sp. 8-9 × 5.
    11. Superficially like S. aeruginosa, but dry and silky, innately squamulose, and brown g.
    12. albocyanea, Desm. 1.5-2 cm. exp. umb. viscid, greenish-blue then whitish; g. purplish; s. 3-5 cm. slender, flexuous, pallid or tinged green, ring incomplete; sp. 7-8 × 3-4.
    13. Differs from S. Worthingtoni in greenish p.
    14. [Tavastense, Karst. P. convex then flat, disc often depr. sometimes umb. glabrous, with concentric yellowish-white squamules near edge, yellowish livid then dingy tawny tan; g. adnexed, crowded; s. straight, fragile, almost equal, solid, pale then fuscescent, ring torn, fugacious.
    15. [consentiens, Karst. P. convex, exp. umb. then depr. even, glabrous, rather viscid, yellowish-livid, tinged olive, edge involute; g. adnate, paler than p.; s. subequal, stuffed, wavy, apex pruinose, yellowish rusty.
    16. [coprinifacies, Roll. P. hygr. conico-campan. then exp. viscid, umber brown then pallid, with blue mucus; g. ventricose, both ends narrowed, dusky purple, edge white; s. dingy white tinged blue, ring median; sp. 20 × 7.
    17. inuncta, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. subumb. with livid purple gluten that disappears, then pale; g. adnate, pale brown; s. 4-7 cm. flexuous, white, fibrillose below distant imperfect ring; sp. 8 × 6.
    18. coronilla, Bull. P. 3-4 cm. plane, tawny-ochre then pale, edge white flocculose; g. sinuato-adnate, violet, edge white; s. 2-3 cm. white, ring median, violet-striate; sp. 10 × 5.
    19. ventricosa, Mass. P. 1.5-2 cm. exp. broadly gibbous, slightly viscid, tawny-ochre then paler; g. almost free, purplish; s. 5-7 cm. ventricose below middle, base rooting, pale, ring large, striate, apical; sp. 10 × 6.
    20. [fusoidea, Pat. P. 1-1.5 cm. campan. then exp. and umb. edge striate, ochre; g. adnate, purplish; s. elongated, slender, smooth, strongly ventricose near the base, whitish, ring distant; sp. 12-14 × 6-7.
    21. Differs from S. ventricosa in being smaller, and in the small, distant ring.
    22. obturata, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. exp. becoming cracked into squamules, almost dry, yellow; g. adnate, purplish-umber; s. 2-3 cm. stuffed, short, narrowed downwards, white, ring tumid; sp. 7 × 4.
    23. [capillacea, Gillet. P. conico-campan. very finely wrinkled, reddish brown with whitish flecks near margin more especially; g. blackish brown, edge toothed; s. whitish, squamulose, ring fugacious.
    24. melasperma, Bull. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, rather viscid, white or yellowish; g. ventricose, blackish violet; s. 3-5 cm. hollow, equal, white, ring superior, deciduous; sp. 10 × 6.
    26. squamosa, Fr. P. 3-6 cm. exp. subviscid, yellowish-tan with evanescent concentric scales; g. adnate, blackish, edge white; s. 7-12 cm. pallid, rusty near base, squamulose up to distant ring; sp. 12 × 6.
    27. var. thrausta (Ag. thrausta, Kalchbr.). Slender, fragile, hygr. not scaly; sp. 12-15 × 6.
    28. var. aurantiaca, Cke. P. orange or brick-red.
    29. [albonitens, Fr. P. thin, exp. gibbous, viscid, glabrous, hyaline-white, shining white when dry; g. adnate, crowded, pale fuscous; s. stuffed with pith, everywhere floccosely villose, pale straw when dry; sp. 6-9 × 4-5.
    30. Worthingtoni, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. campan. viscid, yellow; g. adnate, broad, brown; s. 4-7 cm. slender, flexuous, dark blue, ring incomplete; sp. 7 × 4.
    31. Differs from S. albocyanea in the yellow p.
    32. [palustris, Q. P. hemispher. umb. rather viscid, hygr. greyish-tawny, disc brown; g. adnate, very broad; s. slender, white, covered with transverse tawny scales, ring distant.
    33. ** Merdarii. Ring often incomplete.
    34. luteonitens, Fl. Dan. P. 2-3 cm. conico-campan. umb. viscid, yellow, edge squamulose; g. adnexed, ventricose; s. 2-3 cm. fistulose, even, pruinose above distant ring, whitish; sp. 10-11 × 6. (14 × 6-7 Sacc.)
    35. Intermediate between S. squamosa and Psilocybe coprophila, having scaly p. and ring of former, and stature of latter.
    36. merdaria, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. exp. obtuse, glabrous, moist, hygr. dingy yellow-brown or pale bay; g. adnate, broad; s. 2-3 cm. flocculose, dry, pallid, ring fugacious; sp. 8 × 5. (12-16 × 6-8 Sacc.)
    37. [mammilata, Kalchbr. P. thin, exp. conico-papillate, even, viscid, pale ochre; g. rotundato-adnate, blackish brown; s. glabrous, white then yellowish, ring fugacious.
    38. stercoraria, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. hemispher. then discoid, rather viscid, glabrous, yellow; g. adnate, broad, olive-black; s. 8-10 cm. stuffed with free pith, elongated, flocculose below the distant ring, rather viscid, white tinged yellow; sp. 18-20 × 8-10.
    39. semiglobata, Batsch. P. 2-3 cm. persistently hemispher. even, glutinous, yellow; g. adnate, broad, clouded black; s. 6-10 cm. glabrous, glutinous, yellowish, ring imperfect, inferior; sp. 12 × 6.
    40. Differs from P. stercoraria in persistently hemispher. p. and glabrous s.
    41. [siccipes, Karst. P. hemispher. exp. obtuse, orbicular, naked, even or edge slightly pellucidly striate, viscid, whitish clay-colour; g. adnato-subdecur. clay-colour then fuscous and clouded; s. pallid, dry, straight or wavy, flocculose, pruinose above the distant, dry ring; sp. 12-15 × 7-9.
    42. Intermediate between S. stercoraria and S. semiglobata.
    44. [paradoxa, P. Henn. P. campan. papillately umb. viscid, centre brown, edge broadly revolute, even, glabrous; g. adnato-decur. wavy, veined, dusky brown; s. wavy, striate, fibrous, yellow, base white-downy, ring black, floccose, deciduous; sp. 14-17 × 7-10.
  2. B. Spintrigeri. Pileus without a pellicle, but innately fibrous, not viscid.
  3. [calceata, Schaeff. P. exp. adpressedly fibrillose, moist, stoutly umb. even, dingy yellow then pale; g. nearly free; s. solid, glabrous, white, base marginately bulbous, limb free like a volva.
  4. [ocreata, Holmsk. P. globoso-campan.-exp. obtuse, granulose then imbricately scaly, red then gilvous; g. nearly free; s. peronate up to imperfect ring.
  5. [medusa, Brig. P. globose then convex, even, subrimosely squamulose when dry, yellowish white, edge lobed; g. nearly free, sooty, edge crenulate; s. solid, subtuberous, fibrillose, white, ring fugacious.
  6. caput-medusae, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. ovate, exp. lacunose, squamulose, discoid, umber-brown, edge ochre; g. adfixed; s. 5-9 cm. peronate with squarrose scales up to superior ring, scales at length falling away; sp. 10 × 4. (16-18 × 5 Sacc.)
  7. scobinacea, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. gibbous, somewhat sulcate, at first covered with crowded, blackish adpressed squamules; g. adnate, crenulate, purplish; s. 6-9 cm. hollow, fibrillose, white, apex mealy, ring superior, fugacious; sp. ——.
  8. [sulcata, Gill. P. conico-campan. umb. covered except at summit with branched ridges, reddish; g. distant; s. white, striate below and mealy above the ring.
  9. [sulcatula, Gill. P. convex, rugosely ridged, when young with reddish superficial scales, then naked and whitish or tinged red at disc; sooty-brown, edge whitish, denticulate; s. elongated, squamulose up to ring, striate above, white, base rooting very cottony.
  10. [cotonea, Q. At first entirely white. P. 5-7 cm. spherical then convex, snow-white, covered with floccose squamules; g. sinuate, white, then purple, at length brownish-purple, edge white; s. 3-6 cm. fistulose, curved, floccosely scaly, apex glabrous, ring floccose; sp. 10 long.
  11. Quélet considers this species to be identical with Hyph. lacrymabundum, Fries.
  12. Battarrae, Fr. P. hemispher. then exp., more or less olive, covered with adpressed squamules most crowded at the disc; g. sinuate, white then rosy, finally purple-brown, edge white; s. fistulose, whitish, with brownish or olive squamules up to ring, apex pruinose, ring thin, white, partly appendiculate; sp. 10 long.
  13. [punctulata, Kalchbr. P. thin, convex, dry, pallid, squamulosely punctate from the veil, then naked; g. sinuato-adnate with a decur. tooth, pale umber; s. stuffed, pallid, squamulose from the veil above.
  15. Jerdoni, B. and Br. P. 4-5 cm. exp. umbo fleshy, broad, ochraceous with snow-white evanescent flecks; g. adnate with a decur. line, transversely striate; s. 5-7 cm. snow-white and pulverulent above, brownish squamulose below, ring superior; sp. 10 × 5.
  16. spintrigera, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. ovate then exp. obtuse, even, glabrous, brownish or pinkish tan then pale; g. adnate, crowded; s. 4-7 cm. hollow, floccosely-fibrillose, white, ring distant, fugacious; sp. ——.
  17. hypsipoda, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane, even, glabrous, hygr. brownish yellow; g. white then fuscous; s. 7-11 cm. hollow, equal, glabrous, whitish, ring median, persistent; sp. 12-14 × 6-7.
  18. cothurnata, Fr. P. exp. obtuse, even, thin, white, not hygr.; g. adnexed, crowded; s. floccosely villose up to median ring, white.

ANELLARIA, Karst.