* Disciformes. P. fleshy, convex then plane or
subdepressed.
+ P. greyish or brownish.
nebularis, Batsch. P. 6-12 cm. convex then subgibbous, grey,
at first with grey meal; g. narrow, subdecur. crowded, pallid; s.
5-8 cm. narrowed upwards, fibrillose, pale; sp. 6 × 3.5. Edible.
clavipes, Pers. P. 3-6 cm. convex then plane, naked, grey or
brownish; g. decur. down stem, rather distant; s. obconic, fibrillose,
4-5 cm. livid sooty; sp. 6-7 × 4.
comitalis, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, obtuse, sooty umber; s.
4-7 cm. obconic, sooty; g. plane, crowded; sp. 7-8 × 4.
gangraenosa, Fr. Foetid. P. 5-8 cm. soon plane, obtuse,
whitish, variegated black, greenish, livid &c.; g. dingy white; s.
3-4 cm. striate, somewhat bulbous; sp. ——.
polius, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. convexo-plane, regular, grey; g. decur.
closely crowded, white; s. 4-7 cm. equal, glabrous, whitish;
sp. ——.
C. fumosa differs in cartilaginous substance, mealy apex of stem,
hygr. &c.
inornata, Sow. P. 7-10 cm. plane or depr. pale greyish tan
often with olive tinge, cuticle separable; g. adnate then decur. grey;
s. 3-4 cm. glabrous, greyish; sp. ——.
[Cardarella, Fr. Convex then plano-depr. glabrous, shining,
covered with a thick separable pellicle, blackish red, very viscid; g.
decur. broad, shining white; s. solid, stout, white. Edible.
[auricula, D. C. P. hemispher. even, glabrous, edge incurved,
naked, greyish brown; g. white; s. solid, glabrous, white.
[nimbata, Batsch. P. camp.-convex, even, thin margin incurved,
white mealy; g. crowded, arcuate, white; s. solid, innately squamulose,
squamules becoming blackish.
[luscina, Fr. P. exp. even, glabrous, edge spreading, naked,
fuscous then livid; g. subdecur. crowded; s. solid, short, narrowed
downwards, powdered with white meal.
[curtipes, Fr. P. exp. oblique, obtuse, brown then pale, flesh
brown; g. closely crowded, white; s. short, rigid, fuscous, thickened
upwards, pale and subpruinose.
hirneola, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then plane, silky shining,
grey then pale; g. crowded, hoary; s. 4-5 cm. slender, subflexuous,
grey, apex with white meal; sp. 5 × 3.
var. major, Fr. P. wavy, slightly zoned, whitish.
var. undulata, ——. P. exp. slightly wavy and zoned, whitish; s.
thickened downwards.
[dothiophora, Fr. P. exp. oblique, gibbous, hoary; g. decur.
crowded, whitish; s. solid, short, excentric, glabrous.
++ Pileus violet or rufescent.
cyanophaea, Fr. P. 6-9 cm. plane, obtuse, brownish-blue;
g. deeply decur. violet then pale; s. 6-7 cm. narrowed upwards,
bluish when young, apex abruptly white; sp. ——.
Differs from Trich. nudum in decurrent gills, &c.
[tyrianthina, Fr. Exp. even, purplish flesh colour, pellicle
separable when dry; g. rosy violet; s. villose then striate.
Differs from C. gilva in springing from a fiery-red mycelium. Somewhat
resembling Trich. personatum.
opiparia, Fr. P. 5-9 cm. nearly plane, obtuse, yellowish flesh-colour,
shining; g. white, connected by veins; s. 4-7 cm. solid,
glabrous, whitish; sp. ——.
amara, Fr. Taste very bitter. P. 3-5 cm. plane, obtuse or
subumb. floccosely broken up, rufescent; g. crowded, narrow, white;
s. 4-5 cm. white, solid, floccose then glabrous; sp. 4 × 2.
[vulpecula, Kalchb. P. exp. depr. gilvous-rufescent; g. acutely
adnate, narrow; s. hollow, naked, whitish.
socialis, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. umb. even, yellowish-red; g. tinged
yellow; s. 2-3 cm. reddish, rooting base hairy; sp. ——.
Stem strigose as in Marasmius personatus.
+++ Pileus becoming yellowish.
amarella, Pers. Smell strong, taste bitter. P. 4-5 cm. plane,
subumb. reddish-yellow or fawn colour; g. tinged grey, shining; s.
4-5 cm. pallid grey, white down at base; sp. ——.
[veneris, Fr. P. exp. gibbous, yellow; g. crowded, shining white;
s. elastic, glabrous, white.
vernicosa, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. obtuse, even, glabrous, gilvous or
deep yellow; g. yellow; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, yellow; sp. ——.
Distinguished from Trich. cerinum by decur. gills.
venustissima, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. exp. obtuse, striate, orange,
tinged red; g. decur. orange; s. 3-4 cm. long, glabrous, orange-red;
sp. 6 × 3.5.
alutacea, Cke. and Mass. P. 1-1.5 cm. convex then umbil. edge
incurved, even, tan; g. narrow, crowded, arcuate, decur. paler than
p.; s. 3-4 cm. smooth, pale; sp. 6 × 4.
subalutacea, Batsch. P. 3-5 cm. plano-depr. obtuse, yellowish
then pale; g. broad, whitish; s. 4-5 cm. firm, elastic, glabrous;
sp. ——.
++++ Pileus greenish or pallid.
odora, Sow. Smell fragrant. P. 4-5 cm. wavy, pale, dingy
opaque green; g. adnate, not crowded, pallid; s. 3-4 cm. elastic;
sp. 6-8 × 4-5.
Trogii, Fr. Smell fragrant. P. 4-5 cm. compact, greyish white;
g. crowded, white; s. 4-5 cm. whitish, solid; sp. ——.
Stouter than C. odora, and p. greyish, not green.
[vilis, Karst. P. convex, exp. umb. glabrous, pellucidly striate,
livid, pallid when dry; g. decur. pallid; s. equal, wavy, glabrous,
umber, apex white-scurfy, livid when dry; sp. 2.5-3.5 × 2.
[bifurcata, Weinm. P. exp. rather silky, clay-colour then pale,
edge substriate; g. adnato-decur. simple or bifurcate, white; s.
fibrillose.
rivulosa, Pers. P. 3-7 cm. exp. or depr. obtuse, flesh-colour,
rufescent &c. then pale, glabrous then with white down; g. broad,
rather crowded, faintly tinged pink; s. 4-5 cm. tough, rather fibrillose,
whitish; sp. 6 × 3.5.
var. neptunea, Cke. Smaller than type.
[rigidata, Karst. P. rigid, plane, depr. unequal, even, glabrous,
pallid then whitish; g. adnate, pallid; s. thickened upwards, often
compr. rooting, pallid; sp. 4-5 × 2-3.
+++++ Pileus white, shining when dry.
cerussata, Fr. White. P. 3-7 cm. plane, obtuse, even, subglabrous;
g. closely crowded, adnate; s. 4-5 cm. smooth, elastic;
sp. ——.
var. difformis. Tufted, p. lobed; s. rugose; g. pallid.
var. obtextus, Lasch. Snow-white. P. fibrillosely interwoven then
glabrous, rather viscid; g. subdecur. crowded.
[puellula, Karst. P. convexo-plane, subumb. even, glabrous,
shining white; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. subequal, straight,
elastic, white with blackish squamules; sp. 9-12 × 5-7.
Allied to Clito. cerrusatus but smaller and with black squamules
on stem.
[adsentiens, Karst. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, even, at length
scaly, white; g. adnate, closely crowded, white; s. short, base thickened,
white with blackish scales; sp. ——.
phyllophila, Fr. Whitish-tan. P. 3-7 cm. convexo-plane,
umbil. not becoming pale, veil forming a silvery zone near margin;
g. rather distant, white then pallid; silky-fibrous, tough, 5-8 cm.;
sp. 6 × 4.
pithyophila, Fr. White. P. 3-7 cm. exp. umbil. glabrous,
becoming shining white; g. crowded, permanently white; s. 4-5 cm.
often compr. base downy; sp. ——.
tornata, Fr. White. P. 3-5 cm. orbicular, subdepr. glabrous,
shining; g. rather crowded; s. stuffed, glabrous, 3-4 cm.; 4-6
× 3-4 µ.
Very regular in form.
var. opala, Fr. White. P. viscid.
[olorina, Fr. Whitish. P. exp. even, glabrous; s. hollow, rigid,
cylindrical, squamulose; g. subdecur. crowded.
candicans, Pers. White. P. 2-3 cm. plane or subdepr. umbil.
with adpressed silkiness, shining white when dry; g. adnate then
decur. crowded; s. 3-5 cm. subfistulose, cartilaginous, shining; sp.
5-6 × 4.
dealbata, Sow. White. P. 2-3 cm. plane then upturned and
wavy, glabrous, rather shining; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. 2-3 cm.
entirely fibrous, thin, equal, stuffed; sp. 4-5 × 2.5.
gallinacea, Scop. White, taste acrid. P. depr. even, dry, opaque;
g. crowded, narrow; s. 2-3 cm. equal, even, solid; sp. ——.
Differs from C. dealbata in dingy white, opaque p. and acrid
taste.
** Difformes. Pileus fleshy at the disc, margin thin,
umb. at first, then exp. depr. and irregular.
decastes, Fr. Clustered. P. 10-25 cm. wavy, subumb. glabrous,
uniformly dingy brown or livid, then pale; g. crowded, wavy, white;
s. 9-16 cm. long, solid, glabrous, white, apex pruinose; sp. globose,
4-5.
+ Pileus coloured, or becoming pallid, silky.
gigantea, Sow. (= Pax. giganteus, Fr.) P. 12-20 cm. infundib.
whitish or tinged tan, edge coarsely striate; g. closely crowded;
s. pallid, solid, glabrous, 3-5 cm.; sp. 5 × 3.
maxima, Fr. 12-25 cm. infundib. subumb. whitish or tinged
tan, edge even; g. deeply decur.; s. 7-10 cm. compact, fibrillosely
striate, whitish; sp. 6 × 4.
infundibiliformis, Schaeff. P. 4-7 cm. convex, umb. then
infundib. yellowish pink then pale, innately silky; g. deeply decur.;
s. 5-7 cm. thinner upwards, pallid; sp. 5-6 × 3-4.
var. membranacea, Fr. P. not umb.; s. equal; altogether more
slender than type.
[squamulosa, Pers. P. obtuse, tan, squamulose, at first obtuse,
deeply infundib.; g. decur. distant, white; s. narrowed upwards,
elastic.
[nauseosodulcis, Karst. Very foetid when old. P. irregular,
convex then plane, glabrous, often areolately squamulose, entirely
clay-colour; g. decur. pallid; s. excentric, rarely central, usually
unequal and curved, solid, whitish; sp. 7-8 × 5.
Connato-caespitose, resembling Pleurotus sapidus.
[Panizzii, Barla. Caespitose. P. convex then umbil. or infundib.
white or grey, edge lobed, wavy; g. thin, narrow, striately decur.
pale or tinged rose; s. long, wavy, white; flesh elastic, white.
trullaeformis, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. obtuse then infundib. edge
spreading, greyish brown, floccosely villose; g. decur. connected by
veins; s. 4-5 cm. striate, grey; sp. ——.
Differs from C. cyathiforme in pure white flesh and gills.
incilis, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plane then umbil. or infundib. margin
silky, incurved, crenate, brick red; g. white then pallid, connected
by veins; s. 1-2 cm. base narrowed, red; sp. 7 × 4.
[pulla, Gill. P. depr. then infundib. glabrous, hygr. brown then
pale; g. united by veins, lilac grey; s. swollen at base which is downy,
colour of p. white-fibrillose below, wavy.
Near C. obbata, which differs in striate margin, equal s. and
distant gills.
[lenticulosa, Gill. P. exp. umbil. then infundib. dry, reddish
orange, tuberculose near the even edge; g. crowded, white then
tinged rose, finally colour of p.; s. solid, paler than p.
Differs from C. lentiginosa in solid s. and edge of p. not striate.
sinopica, Fr. Smell strong, mealy. P. 2-3 cm. brick red then
pale, plane then umbil. at length flocculose; g. closely crowded,
white then yellow; s. red, fibrillose, 3-5 cm.; sp. ——.
Differs from C. incilis in solid stem, even edge of p. and
yellowish g.
[Arnoldi, Boud. P. depr. then infundib. wavy, subtomentose,
minutely squamulose, ochrey brick-red; g. whitish; s. colour of p.
fibrillose below; sp. 9-11 × 5-6.
[lentiginosa, Fr. P. plane, deeply umbil. with concentric zones
of minute tubercles, yellowish ochre; g. deeply decur. yellow; s.
hollow, equal, yellowish fuscous.
parilis, Fr. P. 1.5-2 cm. disc depr. edge involute, greyish
white, ornately flocculose; g. narrow, greyish white; s. 2.3 cm.
fibrous, sooty; sp. ——.
++ Pileus coloured or pallid, glabrous.
geotropa, Bull. P. 5-12 cm. plane then infundib. obtusely
umb. pallid; g. crowded, white then pallid; s. 7-12 cm. solid,
fibrillose, flesh white; sp. 6-7 × 4-5.
[candida, Bres. Large. P. fleshy, plano-convex then depr. edge
involute, even, pubescent, white becoming tinged tan; g. much
crowded, narrow, attenuato-decur. white then pallid; s. stout, short,
white; flesh white; sp. 7 × 3.
Close to C. geotropa and C. gigantea. Differs in pure white
colour and in sp.
gilva, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. soon depr. and wavy, dingy ochre, flesh
same colour; g. closely crowded, ochre; s. 2-2.5 cm. solid, ochre;
sp. subgl. 4-5.
subinvoluta, Batsch. P. 5-8 cm. convex then depr. tinged brick
red, fibrillose, zoned; g. pale tan; s. 4-5 cm. reddish, grooved;
sp. ——.
spinulosa, W. G. Sm. P. 3-5 cm. depr. gibbous, yellowish pink,
edge even, incurved; g. white then pale yellow; s. 5-9 cm. fibrillose,
whitish, zoned with tan; sp. globose, spinulose, 8-9.
splendens, Pers. P. 5-8 cm. plane then depr. or infund.
pinkish-yellow, shining; g. deeply decur. white; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous,
yellow; sp. ——.
Differs from C. gilva in white flesh.
inversus, Scop. P. 5-9 cm. convex then infundib. edge involute,
rufescent; g. soon tinged rufous; s. 4-6 cm. hollow, rigid,
paler than p. flesh pallid; sp. subg. 4-5. Often tufted.
flaccidus, Sow. P. 5-8 cm. thin, flaccid, umbil. then infund.
edge reflexed, tawny or rusty; g. yellowish; s. 3-4 cm. rusty, rather
wavy; sp. 4-5 × 3-4. Often tufted.
var. lobatus, Fr. Tufted. P. darker, edge lobed.
[rhodoleuca, Rom. Fleshy, almost glabrous, in dry weather pure
white except gills which are tinted rose; in rainy weather everywhere
inside and out deep rose, gills darkest. P. obconic, convex or almost
flattened above; sp. 6-9 × 5-6.5.
[zizyphana, Viv. P. convex then infundib. often excentric,
rufous brown, flesh reddish white; g. yellow; s. equal, pallid.
[cervina, Hoffm. P. plano-infundib. oblique, glabrous, edge
convex, greyish fawn, subzoned; g. pallid, edge darker; s. cylindrical,
base tuberous.
[garidelli, Fr. P. convex, at first umbil. edge incurved, deep
rose to flesh colour; g. decur. crowded, edge red; s. short, stout,
flesh colour. Edible.
[ambigua, Karst. P. tough, orbicular, convex, obtuse, glabrous,
even, pallid rufous tinged pink then pale; g. adnato-decur. pallid; s.
glabrous, wavy, whitish, base woolly; sp. 4-5 × 3.
[paropsis, Fr. P. plano-depr. glabrous, edge spreading, flaccid,
rufous or flesh-colour; g. narrow, shining white; s. cylindrical, base
rather bulbous.
vermicularis, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convex, umbil. then infund. edge
incurved, often wavy, reddish tan then pale, flesh same colour; g.
closely crowded, white; s. 3-4 cm. hollow, elastic, striate, paler than
p.; sp. 5 × 3.
[cacaba, Fr. P. flaccid, infundib. glabrous, edge broadly reflexed,
sooty; g. very deeply decur. closely crowded, dark grey; s. striate,
base thickened, downy.
senilis, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. infundib. brownish tan, concentrically
cracked, edge spreading; g. narrow, soon colour of p.; s. 2-3 cm.
solid, glabrous, pallid; sp. 5-6 × 4.
+++ Pileus clear white.
catina, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plane then infundib. glabrous, white,
discoloured when old; g. decur. somewhat crowded, white; s.
3-7 cm. elastic, white; sp. ——.
C. infundibiliformis differs in not being umb. and in being
glabrous. C. phyllophila differs in adnate gills.
tuba, Fr. White. P. 5-8 cm. umbil. margin even, shining with
a silky lustre when dry; g. broad, closely crowded, decur.; s. 4-5 cm.
equal, soon hollow and compressed; sp. ——.
Differs from C. pithyophila in umbil. p.; g. deeply decurrent.
ericetorum, Bull. White. P. 2-3 cm. fleshy, subturbinate,
glabrous, shining when dry; g. distant, connected by veins; s.
2-3 cm. glabrous; sp. ——.
Resembling Hygr. niveus in appearance.
subdecastes, Cke. and Mass. Clustered. P. 3-5 cm. convex,
obtuse, ochre, paler towards lobed margin; g. crowded, white; s.
8-12 cm. fibrillose, whitish; sp. globose, 4-5.
ampla, Pers. P. 7-12 cm. convex then exp. wavy, sooty then
livid, even; g. broad, smoky then dingy white; s. 9-14 cm. subcartilaginous,
naked, white, apex somewhat downy; sp. ——.
[molybdina, Bull. P. camp. exp. umb. glabrous, sooty, disc livid
rufous, then pale; g. horn colour then pallid; s. stout, fibrillosely
striate, mealy squamulose upwards, pallid.
[coffeata, Fr. P. brownish fawn then sooty grey, fawn colour and
shining when dry, virgate or spotted; g. decur. dingy white, as is also
the glabrous s.
aggregata, Schaeff. Tufted. P. 5-9 cm. wavy, greyish or reddish
yellow, then pale, silkily virgate; g. yellowish flesh colour; s. 7-10 cm.
fibrillose, narrowed below and often grown together at base; sp.
——.
[hortensis, Pers. Caespitose, elastic. P. exp. obsoletely umb.
sooty, blackish; g. decur. white then flesh-colour; s. hollow, rather
wavy.
[tabescens, Scop. (= Coll. tabescens, Fr.). P. conico-campan. exp.
umb. depr. round umbo, tawny honey-colour, or tawny-brown, disc
scaly; g. decur. pallid then pinkish tan; s. fibrillosely scaly, pallid or
lurid yellow, elongated; sp. 8-10 × 5-7.
Closely resembling Armillaria mellea, but no ring on stem.
[anapacta, Pers. P. depr. wavy, brown, edge incurved; g. broad,
dingy tan; s. narrowed below, pallid.
elixa, Sow. P. 5-9 cm. unequal, wavy, disc umb. smoky buff,
edge paler; g. distant; s. 3-5 cm. solid, dingy, subfloccose; sp. 7 × 4.
fumosa, Pers. Tufted. P. 3-5 cm. subcartilaginous, obtuse,
wavy, sooty brown then pale; g. adnate, livid; s. 5-8 cm. often
twisted, dingy, apex minutely mealy; sp. subgl. 5-6.
Differs from C. elixa in obtuse, non-virgate p.
[effocatella, Viv. Caespitose. P. convex, even, glabrous, livid
chestnut or umber; g. adnate, crowded, white; s. naked, ventricose
below.
tumulosa, Kalchbr. Tufted. P. 2.5 cm. umb. even, umber then
pale; g. soon greyish; s. 8-12 cm. solid, dingy, floccosely pruinose;
sp. ——.
pergamena, Cke. Tufted. P. 2-5 cm. convex then plane,
subumb. pallid; g. broadly adnate with decur. tooth, white; s.
8-12 cm. whitish, apex squamulose; cartilaginous; sp. ——.
[humosa, Fr. P. fragile, exp. wavy, fuscous; g. adfixed, both
ends narrowed; s. short, whitish like the gills.
[adunata, Secr. Tufted, foetid. P. exp. gibbous then depr.
white becoming spotted red then rufous, becoming viscid; g. decur.
crowded, eroded, dingy red; s. stout, twisted, narrowed below,
whitish.
cryptarum, Letell. Tufted. P. somewhat conical, flocculose,
spotted brown; g. decur. narrow, white; s. white, striate.
A doubtful species.
[hebepodia, Fr. P. exp. depr. unequal, even, grey then pale; g.
decur. white; s. woolly, white.
[connata, Schum. Shining white. P. conical exp. unequal,
moist, obtuse umbo disappearing; g. unequally decur. narrow,
crowded; stems numerous, hollow, collected at base into a tuberous
mass.
opaca, Fr. White. P. 3-6 cm. umb. often depr. and wavy,
minutely flocculose; g. closely crowded; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose, wavy;
sp. ——.
Differs from C. cerrusata in umbonate p.
occulta, Cke. P. 3-5 cm. depr. virgate, viscid, disc smoky rest
whitish; g. adnate, white; s. 3-5 cm. fibrillosely striate, solid,
white; sp. ——.
monstrosa, Sow. P. 3-5 cm. umb. wavy, opaque white; g.
adnato-decur. creamy; s. 2-4 cm. opaque white, streaked; sp.
——.
marzuola, Fr. P. compact, exp. subdepr. even, wavy, dusky;
g. unequally decur.; s. stout, short, white.
*** Infundibiliformes. Pileus fleshy at disc, thinner
towards the margin, becoming deeply umbilicate or
infundibuliform.
B. Pileus thin, hygrophanous, soft, watery.
**** Cyathiformes. P. thin, depressed then cup-shaped.
Colour dingy when moist.
cyathiformis, Bull. P. 3-7 cm. deeply depr. edge incurved,
sooty-brown then pale; g. dingy; s. 5-9 cm. stuffed, elastic,
narrowed upwards, reticulately fibrillose, sooty; sp. ——.
+ Gills grey or olive.
orbiformis, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. convexo-plane, even, smoky grey;
g. greyish white; s. 5-7 cm. naked, narrowed upwards, grey;
sp. ——.
Differs from C. cyathiforme in plane p.
[applanata, Secr. P. exp. disc depr. flaccid, lurid then hoary;
g. greyish white; s. fuscous with white down, pallid and silky fibrillose
upwards.
[insignis, Gill. P. conical, convex, then exp. edge more or less
wavy and upturned, much depr. round strong umbo, even, glabrous,
red, umb. rusty; g. closely crowded, clear white; s. cylindrical, solid,
colour of p.
[papillata, Gillet. P. convex then exp. with a little persistent
brown umbo, glabrous, hygr. slightly striate, clear reddish; g. pallid;
s. subequal, wavy, white-pruinose, apex colour of p.
[radicellata, Godey. P. convex, umbil. purplish brown, grey-pruinose;
g. crowded, soon yellowish grey; s. equal, curved, colour of
g. with a white bloom, base white with a number of branched
strands.
[ochracea, Gill. P. irreg. umb. uniformly ochre, silky or pruinose;
g. distant; s. excentric, colour deeper than p.
[macrophylla, Karst. P. thin, convex, orbicular, livid-white then
paler and shining; g. adnate, very broad, triangular, white; s. wavy,
whitish, glabrous, base thickened; sp. ——.
[lepiphylla, Gill. P. convex then depr. uniformly pale grey then
pallid; g. decur. tinged grey; s. elastic, wavy, grey, with a white
bloom, with longitudinal whitish striae.
metachroa, Fr. P. 3-5 cm. convexo-plane then depr. brownish
grey, then livid, at last pallid; g. pale grey; s. 2-3 cm. grey, apex
mealy; sp. ——.
zygophylla, Cke. and Mass. P. 4-7 cm. thin, wavy, slightly
depr. greyish ochre then pallid, edge plicate; g. deeply decur. grey,
veined; s. 4-5 cm. smooth, pallid; sp. 8 × 4.
pausiaca, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. soon plane, umber with olive tinge,
often silky; g. adnate, olive; s. 4-6 cm. striate, coloured like p.,
apex powdery; sp. ——.
ditopa, Fr. Smell strong, mealy. P. 2-3 cm. plane then depr.
brownish grey then pale, often wavy; g. adnate, dusky grey; s.
2.3 cm. hollow; sp. ——.
Differs from C. metachroa in mealy smell.
[nubila, Fr. P. exp. umb. livid then tan, glabrous; g. subdecur.
rather distant, brownish tan; s. slender, apex pruinose.
[obola, Fr. P. convexo-plane, obtuse, glabrous, hygr. livid then
whitish; g. adnate, livid; s. equal, thin, striate, naked, livid.
++ Gills whitish.
diatreta, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. plane then depr. edge involute,
pubescent, often wavy, flesh colour then pallid tan; g. with an acute
decur. tooth, crowded, narrow; s. 3-5 cm. pallid, straight, terete;
sp. ——.
fragrans, Sow. Smell strong, spicy, 2-3 cm. depr. pallid; g.
subdecur. rather crowded; s. 4-5 cm. elastic, glabrous; sp. ——.
C. suaveolens differs in cup-shaped p. and brownish stem.
angustissima, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. plano-depr. edge spreading,
pallid, shining white when dry; g. subdecur. narrow, closely crowded;
s. 4-5 cm. white, naked, flexuous; sp. 5 × 3.
[isabellina, Q. P. yellowish white, umb. hygr.; g. thick, often
branched, whitish; s. fistulose, wavy, white, base narrowed.
obsoletus, Batsch. Smell spicy, but weak. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr.
even, pale pinky tan, pale when dry; g. obtusely adnate, broad;
s. 2-3 cm. elastic, soon hollow, whitish; sp. ——.
[mortuosa, Fr. P. plano-depr. umber or brown then pale, even;
g. adnate, closely crowded, narrow, whitish; s. short, glabrous, compr.
whitish.
[gyrans, Fr. P. convex-umb. even, glabrous, hygr. edge broadly
incurved, whitish; g. crowded, white; s. hollow, glabrous.
var. cinerascens, Fr. Smaller. P. pale grey-brown; g. tinged
yellow.
expallens, Pers. P. 3-5 cm. plane then deeply depr. greyish
brown then pale, margin soon expanded; g. greyish white; s.
4-5 cm. greyish white, hollow, equal; sp. ——.
obbata, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plane, umbil. then deeply depr. sooty
brown, edge at length striate; g. decur. distant, greyish, pruinose
with white; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, greyish brown, hollow; sp. ——.
[fritilliformis, Lasch. Convex-umbil. then infundib. glabrous,
grey then pallid, becoming fuscescent when dry, edge sublobed;
g. thickish, pallid; s. subtomentose, thickened upwards.
[calatha, Fr. P. exp. infundib. hygr. edge soon spreading, even,
sooty; g. deeply decur. violet then reddish; s. solid, tough, striately
rugose, narrowed below, violet then reddish.
pruinosa, Lasch. P. 4-5 cm. umbil. then deeply depr. brown,
powdered with grey bloom; g. decur. crowded, narrow, dingy;
s. 3-5 cm. fibrillose, pallid; sp. ——.
concava, Scop. P. 3-5 cm. broadly and deeply umbil. flaccid,
wavy, dark grey; g. decur. narrow, smoky; s. 2-3 cm. equal,
glabrous, grey; sp. ——.
[vibecina, Fr. P. exp. then infundib. greyish livid then pale,
margin soon extended, striate; g. deeply decur. greyish white;
s. hollow, glabrous, rather wavy.
[Queletii, Fr. P. convex, umbil. whitish with brown squamules
when dry; g. deeply decur. whitish; s. flocculose, whitish.
suaveolens, Fr. Fragrant. P. 2-3 cm. convex then concave,
discoid, buff, hygr. margin striate; gills crowded, pallid; s. 4-5 cm.
thinner upwards, tinged brown; sp. 8 × 5.
Among grass. Differs from C. fragrans in concave pileus with
striate margin.
brumalis, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. umbil. then deeply depr. flaccid,
glabrous, wavy, livid, pale when dry; g. pallid; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous,
whitish, often curved; sp. 4-5 × 3-4.
***** Orbiformes. Pileus rather fleshy, convex then
flattened or depressed, polished; g. adnate; dingy,
becoming pale.
****** Versiformes. Pileus thin, convex then deformed,
squamulose or furfuraceous; g. adnate,
broad; usually distant and powdered with the white
spores.
ectypa, Fr. P. 4-7 cm. exp. then depr. revolute, dingy yellow or
rufescent, slightly streaked with dark fibrils, edge slightly striate; g.
adnate, pallid then spotted with red and powdered with the spores;
s. 5-10 cm. dingy yellowish, fibrillose; sp. 9 × 6.
[difformis, Pers. P. convex, plane, subumbil. glabrous, hygr.
striate when moist, even when dry, at length subsquamulose, livid
then whitish; g. adnate, distant; s. hollow, glabrous, shining.
var. stygia, Fr. P. campan. umbil.; g. adnexed, ventricose;
s. long, slender.
[incompta, Fr. P. plane then depr. blackish olive, virgate with
adglutinated blackish fibrils, viscid; g. pale grey; s. fibrillosely striate,
grey.
[xanthophylla, Bres. P. convex-umbil. dry greyish-hoary, virgate
especially at centre with brownish fibrils; g. decur. clear yellow; s.
greyish-white, fibrillose.
[nigropunctata, Secr. P. exp. umb. whitish, mealy, disc dotted
with black; g. crowded, pallid then yellowish; s. hollow, striate with
black.
[pachyphylla, Fr. P. convexo-plane, dingy yellow or rufescent,
floccosely squamulose; g. thick, distant, yellow; s. tough, yellow.
var. absinthiata. P. scurfy-squamulose, brown-ochre; g. very
broad, grey then pallid.
bella, Pers. P. 2-3 cm. exp. depr. or umbil. orange yellow with
darker squamules; g. yellow, connected by veins, mealy; s. 4-5 cm.
yellowish; sp. 6-7, subgl. warted.
laccata, Scop. (= Laccaria, B. and Br.). P. exp. subumbil. irreg.
mealy subsquamulose, violet or brown, whitish when dry, 2-4 cm.;
g. thick, distant, coloured like p., mealy; s. 4-7 cm. fibrous, colour
of p.; sp. globose, warted, 8-9.
proxima, Boud. P. 2-3 cm. convex then plane, glabrous,
yellowish-brown; g. adnato-decurrent, pinkish; s. 6-7 cm. even,
smooth, paler than pileus; sp. 7 × 3.5.
Resembling the brown form of C. laccata, differing in the elliptical,
warted spores and glabrous pileus.
[sandicina, Fr. P. convexo-plane, umbil. deformed, even, hygr.
at length greyish-mealy; g. adnate, crowded, purplish, almost naked;
s. hollow, unequal, glabrous, purplish.
[grumata, Scop. P. campan.-convex, glabrous, cracked into
squamules, disc depr. yellow; g. broadly adnate, distant, white;
s. equal, pallid.
sadleri, Berk. This is only an abnormal condition of Hypholoma
fasciculare.
OMPHALIA, Fr.
I. Collybiarii. Pileus expanded from the first,
edge incurved.
* Usually large, gills narrow, closely crowded.
hydrogramma, Fr. Livid white, white when dry. P. 4-7 cm.
flaccid, thin, umbil. hygr. edge spreading, striate; g. closely crowded;
s. 6-8 cm. base rooting; sp. ——.
Differs from Clito. phyllophila in polished stem.
[chrysoleuca, Fr. P. very thin, umbil. shining, white, edge
reflexed, substriate; g. yellowish; s. smooth, base thickened; sp.
8-10 × 4.
[ventosa, Fr. P. infundib. glabrous, flaccid, flesh-colour, hygr.;
g. white then flesh-colour; s. colour of p.
[dumosa, Fr. P. very thin, plane, subumbil. rigid, deep brick-red;
g. pallid; s. glabrous, colour of p.
detrusa, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. rather fleshy, umbil. dark grey; g.
with a decur. tooth, whitish; s. 2-3 cm. glabrous, dark grey;
sp. ——.
[umbilicata, Fr. P. umbil. then infundib. edge reflexed, even,
hygr. tinged brown, then pale but disc darker; g. whitish; s. terete,
apex striate with white fibrils; sp. 6-8 × 4.
maura, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, deeply umbil. hygr. striate, sooty
brown, pale and silky when dry; g. shining white; s. 3-5 cm. rigid,
straight, blackish; sp. 5-6 × 3-4.
Differs from Col. atrata in decur. narrow gills.
[lituua, Fr. P. thin, plane, deeply umbil. hygr. even, bay then
tan; g. grey; s. slightly wavy, grey.
offuciata, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plano-depr. flesh-colour then pale; g.
colour of p.; s. 4-5 cm. glabrous, reddish; sp. ——.
[scyphoides, Fr. Shining white. P. infundib. silky, unequal; g.
narrow; s. subvillose, short; sp. 6 × 2.
[albula, Q. P. umbil. thin, wavy, glabrous; s. solid, slender,
incurved; g. adnato-decur. unequal, yellowish; sp. 10-12 long.
[Giovanellae, Bres. P. thin, convex and umbil. then exp. and
umbil., edge striate, silky-flocculose, grey then hoary brown; g. decur.
crowded, colour of p.; s. glabrous, colour of p.; sp. 8 × 3.
Differs from Omp. scyphoides in hoary-grey colour of every part.
** Medium size; gills rather distant, narrow,
narrowed at both ends.
chrysophylla, Fr. P. 2-4 cm. thin, umbil. flaccid, floccose,
brownish yellow then paler, edge reflexed; g. deep golden yellow; s.
3-5 cm. yellow; sp. 8 × 4.
Differs from O. Postii in the floccose pileus.
Postii, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. thin, umbil. glabrous, orange; g. whitish;
s. 4-6 cm. glabrous, yellow; sp. ——.
var. aurea, Mass. P. very regular; g. slightly decur.; sp. 7 × 3.5.
vesuviana, Brig. P. infundib. orange, edge at length wavy;
g. thickish, narrow; s. fibrillose, colour of p.
pyxidata, Bull. P. 1.5-2 cm. thin, infundib. rufous-red, radiately
striate, pale when dry, hygr.; g. flesh-colour then yellowish; s. 1.5-2
cm. tough, pale tawny; sp. 7-8 × 5-6.
leucophylla, Fr. P. 3-4 cm. thin, quite infundib. dark grey,
even; g. shining white; s. 3-5 cm. grey; sp. 10 long.
Luffii, Mass. Fragrant. P. 2-3 cm. convex then depr. glabrous,
pallid then white; g. crowded, decur. pallid; s. 2-3 cm. solid, pallid,
polished, often wavy; sp. 5 × 3.
Ground among grass &c. Differs from Clito. fragrans in short,
polished stem.
costatula, Bres. P. infundib. then revolute, brown, glabrous,
edge striate wavy; g. decur. straw-colour, joined by veins; s.
glabrous, tinged straw-colour, base brownish; sp. 6 × 4.
striaepileus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. plane, umbil. glabrous, entirely
striate, livid brown, hygr.; g. white; s. 4-5 cm. tough, tinged
brown; sp. rough, 6-7.
Nevillae, B. P. 1-1.5 cm. depr. rugose, disc granulated, striate,
brown then pale; g. white, veined; s. 2-3 cm. brownish, rough, base
downy; sp. ——.
O. affricata differs in scaly p.
sphagnicola, B. P. 2-3 cm. thin, soon deeply umbil. squamulose,
dingy ochraceous; g. dingy ochre; s. 3-4 cm. slightly flexuous,
colour of p.; sp. 6 × 3.
telmatiaea, B. P. 3-7 cm. thin, pliant, soon infund. edge
arched and drooping, umber, hygr. pale and silky when dry; g.
pallid; s. 2-4 cm. grey, base cottony, white; sp. 7 × 4.
[affricata, Fr. P. umbil. then infundib. not striate, edge bent
down, everywhere with blackish squamules; g. grey; s. glabrous,
greyish.
[epichysia, Pers. Soft. P. thin, exp. umbil. sooty grey, pallid
when dry, silky or floccosely scaly; g. plano-decur. whitish then grey;
s. grey; sp. 8-10 × 4-5.
philonitis, Lasch. P. 1-2 cm. deeply umbil. edge erect, hygr.
floccose when dry, grey; g. deeply decur. greyish; s. 3-5 cm.
glabrous, grey; sp. 5-7 × 3.5.
Differs from O. oniscus and O. epichysium in erect margin of p.
[campestris, Rom. P. campan. umbil. then exp. sooty-fuscous,
sulcate when dry; g. greyish-white, decur.; s. equal, glabrous, colour
of p. Appearing late in the season; glabrous; sp. 9-13 × 6-8.
oniscus, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. thin, infundib. wavy, flaccid, glabrous,
even, grey; g. grey; s. 2-3 cm. wavy, grey; sp. 6 × 5.
[oniscoides, Karst. P. convex-umbil. sometimes reflexed and
concave, glabrous, everywhere pellucidly striate, sooty or livid
fuscous, pallid grey when dry; g. adnate, then subdecur. white or
greyish, edge denticulate, s. tinged fuscous, base darkest; sp.
5-6 × 4.
caespitosa, Bolt. P. 1-2 cm. thin, hemisph. umbil. sulcate,
whitish ochre; g. whitish; s. 1-2 cm. coloured like p., base thickened;
sp. 6 × 5.
[arenicola, Fr. P. thin, cup-shaped, wavy, with wart-like spots,
umber; g. paler than p.; s. short, umber.
glaucophylla, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. infundib. plicato-striate, hygr.
mouse-colour then paler; g. olive; s. stuffed, firm; sp. ——.
rustica, Fr. P. 5-8 mm. thin, slightly convex, umbil. striate,
hygr. greyish brown then paler and silky; g. grey, edge arcuate; s.
2-2.5 cm., colour of p.; sp. ——.
Differs from O. umbellifera by gills being narrowed behind.
[scyphiformis, Fr. White. P. infundib. glabrous; g. decur.
thin; s. thin, short, glabrous.
Differs from O. scyphoides in glabrous stem.
*** Gills truly distant, broad, usually thick.
[tricolor, A. and S. P. ochraceous white, thin, umbil.; g. orange,
at first with rosy pruinose; s. yellowish.
[cortiseda, Karst. P. convex then plane, radiato-striate, glabrous,
pallid; g. adnato-decur. very distant, thickish, few, pallid; s. equal,
hyaline, pallid; sp. 10-11 × 4-6.
[sciopoda, Q. P. convex then umbil. rather crisped, pale straw-colour,
pruinose; g. adnate, thick, sometimes branched, straw-colour
then tinged rose; s. slender, wavy, velvety-pruinose, white above,
grey below.
demissa, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. thin, plane then umbil. striate,
shining rufous then pale; g. purplish; s. 1 cm., colour of p.; sp. 7 × 5.
(10-12 × 6-8 Sacc.)
[grisella, Karst. P. convex, disc depr. silky, sulcate, pale
fuscescent, whitish when dry; g. adnate, distant, plane, whitish;
s. equal, glabrous, apex pruinose, pale, becoming more or less smoky;
sp. 6-10 × 2-4.
hepatica, Fr. P. 1.5-2.5 cm. tough, rigid, infundib. glabrous,
brownish flesh-colour then pale; g. narrow, whitish, connected by
veins; s. 2 cm. very tough, colour of p.; sp. 5-8 × 2-4.
Differs from O. pyxidata in toughness, even edge of p. and pallid
gills.
muralis, Sow. P. 1-2 cm. becoming infundib. radiato-striate,
rufous brown; g. pallid; s. 1-1.5 cm. glabrous, coloured like p.; sp.
rough, 10 × 5.
[cuneifolia, Karst. Very fragile. P. convex then plane, obtuse,
dry, glabrous, pellucidly striate when moist, sooty, tan when dry; g.
adnate, distant, thickish; broad, ventricose or broadest in front,
obliquely truncate, greyish; s. apex scurfy, solid; sp. 10-12 × 9-10.
[lilacina, Laest. P. plane, violet then pale; g. deeply decur.
connected by veins, yellow; s. persistently violet.
umbellifera, L. P. 1-2 cm. convexo-plane, radiately striate,
even and rather silky when dry, grey, yellow, brownish, pallid, &c.;
g. very distant and broad behind, colour of p.; s. 1 cm. colour of p.;
sp. 3 × 2.5.
var. myochroa, Fr. P. brownish umber; s. strigosely rooting.
var. abiegena, B. and Br. Pale yellow.
var. viridis, Fl. Dan. Every part pale green.
[Kalchbrenneri, Bres. P. tough, convex, umbil. subexp. glabrous,
hygr. subochre; g. deeply decur. whitish; s. colour of p., base often
brownish; sp. 8-10 × 4-5.
[velutina, Q. Downy, greyish. P. umbil. striate; g. arcuate; s.
filiform, base white floccose; sp. 8 long.
infumata, B. and Br. P. 3-4 mm. obtuse, greenish then smoky;
g. few, broad, yellow; s. 2 cm. thin, yellow, tomentose below.
[griseolilacina, Steinh. Entirely greyish lilac, grey when dry; p.
umb. then exp. edge incurved, even, glabrous; g. adnate then decur.;
s. cylindrical, equal; sp. 6-9 × 4-5.
buccinalis, Sow. White. P. up to 1 cm. trumpet-shaped, plane
or depr.; g. deeply decur. triangular; s. expanding into p.; sp. ——.
[hirsuta, Q. (= O. caricicola, Lasch). Hyaline-white, soon flaccid.
P. umbil. convex, very thin; gills or folds obliterated; s. capillary,
short, pilose, base bulbillose; sp. rough, 9 long.
retosta, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. plano-depr. umber, polished and pale
when dry; g. distant, broad, narrowed at both ends, paler than p.; s.
2 cm. glabrous, paler than p.; sp. ——.
Differs from O. umbellifera in having gills narrowed behind.
abhorrens, B. and Br. Foetid. P. 1-1.5 cm. umbil. brown then
pale; g. narrow, pale; s. 2 cm. slender, apex thickened, colour of p.;
sp. ——.
pseudoandrosacea, Bull. P. convex, umbil. then infundib. plicate,
edge crenulate, whitish or grey; g. deeply decur. segmentoid; s.
slender; sp. 5-7 × 3-4.
griseo-pallida, Desm. P. plane, umbil. even, glabrous, brownish
grey then pale; g. broadest behind, grey; s. stuffed, fuscous, 1 cm.;
sp. ——.
Differs from O. umbellifera and O. rustica by p. not being striate
when moist.
albidopallens, Karst. P. convex, orbicular, scarcely umbil.
pellucidly striate, naked, hyaline white or pallid; g. adnate, decur.
crowded, pallid; s. equal, naked, pallid; sp. 4-5 × 3.
[schizoxylon, Fr. P. thin, almost plane, umbil. glabrous, grey;
g. narrow, paler than p.; s. rufous brown.
[bibula, Q. P. umbil. when moist, silky, olive-yellow then grey;
g. arcuate, broad, citrin; s. tinged citrin.
Near to if not identical with Hygr. Wynniae.
stellata, Fr. White. P. convex, umbil. diaphanous, striate; g.
very distant, thin, broad; s. equal, base radiately floccose; sp. 4 × 6.
II. Mycenarii. P. at first campanulate, margin
straight, adpressed to stem.
* Gills broad, perfect, unequal.
campanella, Batsch. P. 1 cm. convex, umbil. striate, hygr. rusty
yellow; g. connected by veins, arcuate, yellow; s. 2-3 cm. horny, bay,
base narrowed, tawny-strigose; sp. 6-7 × 3-4.
var. badipus, Cke. Base of s. slightly bulbous.
var. papillata, Fr. P. acutely conical.
var. myriadea, Kalchbr. Small, caespitose.
[incomis, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous or broken up into
squamules, pale fuscous; g. adnato-decur. broad, white; s. tough,
thinner below, colour of p.; sp. ——.
[psilocyboides, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, tawny yellow;
g. very broad, yellowish-white; s. 8-12 cm. equal, bay, white-fibrillose,
apex paler and pruinose; sp. ——.
[brunneola, Q. Chestnut umber. P. umbil. squamulose; g.
arcuate, white; s. floccosely punctate, base with spreading fawn-coloured
down; sp. 10.
[atripes, Rab. P. thin, plano-depr. infundib. brown, pale and
silky shining when dry; g. very broad behind, brownish, albo-pruinose;
s. black, base bluish-pruinose.
[Laestadii, Fr. P. hemispherical, umbil. even, tawny-bay, shining;
g. distinct, yellow; s. rigid rufous bay.
picta, Fr. P. 1 cm. campan. cucullate, umbil. glabrous, striate,
fuscous; g. very broad, pallid; s. horny, bay, membranous spreading
base tawny; sp. 7-10 × 4.
camptophylla, B. P. 1 cm. convex then exp. deeply striate, disc
brown, rest pale grey; g. ascending then abruptly decur. white; s.
3-4 cm. very slender, whitish, base radiately strigose; sp. 8-10
× 6-8.
[cyanophylla, Fr. P. thin, camp. umbil. striate, livid or bluish
becoming yellowish; g. clear blue; s. glabrous; sp. 5-7 × 3-4.
[Cornui, Q. P. umbil. tawny; g. yellow with violet tinge; s. horny,
bay, base inflated, downy, yellow.
[reclina, Fr. P. thin, rigid camp. then entirely infundib. livid;
g. thick, white or grey; s. tough; sp. 6 × 4-5.
[deflexa, Karst. P. campan.-convex, mostly umbil. everywhere
striate, fuscescent or pale livid, pale when dry; g. decur. arcuate,
white; s. solid, tough, pallid, glabrous; sp. 6-7 × 4-6.
umbratila, Fr. P. 2 cm. thin, campan. then convex, umbil. umber
brown, hygr.; g. broad, brownish; s. 3-4 cm. stuffed, brownish; sp.
7 × 5.
Readily mistaken with Coll. atrata and C. ambusta, differs in subdecur.
gills.
[invita, Karst. P. convex, umbil. glabrous, striate when moist,
sooty or livid sooty, pale when dry; g. adnate, very broad, white; s.
colour of p.; sp. glob. 5-6.
grisea, Fr. P. 1-1.5 cm. camp. glabrous, everywhere striate,
livid grey then hoary; g. distant, greyish; s. greyish-white, apex
thickened, 5-7 cm.; sp. 7-8 × 4.
[setipes, Fr. P. convex, subpapillate, everywhere striate, brownish-grey;
g. greyish white, connected by veins; s. filiform, base pubescent;
sp. 6-7 × 2-3.
fibula, Bull. P. up to 1 cm. cucullate then exp. umbil. striate,
orange yellow then pale; g. deeply decur. pale; s. 3-4 cm. very
slender, weak, pale orange; sp. 4-5 × 2.
var. Swartzii, Fr. Apex of stem violet.
[chlorocyanea, Pat. Small, entirely bluish green outside and
inside. P. convex; g. distant, decur. unequal; s. solid, slender.
directa, B. and Br. P. 2-3 mm. nail-shaped flat at apex, white;
g. decur. white; s. rather wavy, 2 cm. whitish, tinged rufous, with
long hairs at base.
belliae, Johnst. P. 1 cm. thin, dry, top-shaped, infundib. pallid;
g. decur. thick, veined; s. 2-3 cm. brownish, adhering by a cottony
base.
[pectinata, Rom. Entirely white, glabrous, hygr. P. thin, convex,
umbil. edge wavy or lobed, sulcate to middle; g. decur. distant;
s. subequal, almost glabrous; sp. 6-7 × 3.
gracillima, Weinm. Snow-white. P. 4-5 mm. downy, sulcate;
g. decur. distant, thin; s. 1.5 cm. filiform, base cottony; sp. 6-7 × 3.
[gracilis, Q. Snow-white. P. apiculate, striato-sulcate, glabrous;
g. arcuate, distant; s. filiform, pellucid, pruinose, base downy, rooting;
sp. 8 × 2.
[candida, Bres. Shining white. P. thin, convex, exp. often
papillate, glabrous, pellucidly striate; g. deeply decur. connected by
veins at base; s. splitting into fibres, glabrous, base rooting, strigose;
sp. 9-11 × 4.5-5.
bullula, Brig. White. P. 3-4 mm. even, hemisph. diaphanous;
g. arched, decur.; s. 2 cm. filiform.
** Gills fold-like, narrow.
integrella, Pers. White. P. 3-7 mm. hemisph. then exp.
pellucid-striate; g. equal, fold-like, distant, rather branched; s. very
slender, pubescent; sp. 6-7 × 4.
[microscopica, Wirt. Minute, diaphanous. P. 3-4 mm. infundib.
4-6, sulcate; g. very narrow, arcuate; s. capillary.
polyadelphus, Lasch. Pure white. P. 2-3 mm. coarsely striate
and minutely flocculose; g. decurrent; s. 1-2 cm. very slender, base
downy; sp. 5 × 2.5.
[cuspidata, Q. Hyaline white. P. very acuminate, striate, flocculose;
g. decur. branched; s. filiform, pulverulent, the slight bulb
hairy; sp. 8 long.
[crispula, Q. White, diaphanous. P. crisped, pruinose; g.
wrinkled, very thin; s. short, filiform, pruinose; sp. 8 long.
[gibba, Pat. (= Cyphella infundibuliformis, Fr.). White, minute.
P. trumpet-shaped, gibbous then deeply infundib. downy; g. mere
traces of folds; s. slender, downy.
PLEUROTUS, Fr.
A. Excentrici. Pileus entire, extended laterally,
excentric but not truly lateral.
* Veil forming a ring on the stem.
corticatus, Fr. P. 8-18 cm. convex then exp. covered with
dense greyish down then floccosely squamulose; g. decur. white,
anastomosing behind; tinged yellow when old; s. 3-7 cm. subexc.
rooting, ring torn; s. 9-14 × 4-6.
[Albertinii, Fr. P. convex, dimidiate, sooty, with black squamules;
g. decur. distinct, white; s. with black squamules up to sooty
ring.
dryinus, Pers. P. 5-9 cm. oblique or subcircular, hard, whitish
with brownish spot-like squamules, flesh white then yellowish; g.
decur. not anastomosing behind, white tinged yellow; s. 2-3 cm.
sublateral, ring fugacious, torn; sp. 10 × 4.
Differs from P. corticatus in gills not anastomosing behind.
spongiosus, Fr. P. 5-8 cm. spongy, pulvinate, greyish tomentose;
g. sinuato-adnexed, white, simple; s. 1-3 cm. tomentose, white,
ring white, soon torn; sp. 8-10 × 4.
[calyptratus, Lindbl. P. soft, lateral-dimidiate, horizontal,
reniform, glabrous, viscid, sooty or livid; g. adnate to a nodule,
crowded, white then yellowish; s. a downy nodule, viscid membranous
ring torn.
** Gills sinuate or obtusely adnate.
ulmarius, Bull. P. 8-15 cm. convex then plane, glabrous, livid
then pale, spotted; g. adnexed, broad, whitish; s. 1-3 cm. base
thickened, tomentose; sp. 5-6, glob.
tessulatus, Bull. P. 7-10 cm. convex then plane or depr.
behind, glabrous, tawny then paler and spotted; g. uncinato-adnate,
white then yellowish; s. 1-3 cm. glabrous; sp. ——.
[pardalis, Schulz. Caespitose. P. fleshy, convex, subcentral,
glabrous, chestnut then spotted; g. free, crowded, pallid; s. stout,
solid, connate at base, white.
[decorus, Fr. Yellow. P. thin, convex then exp. obtuse, rough
with adnate blackish scales; g. obtusely adnate, crowded; s. stuffed
then hollow, fibrillose; sp. glob. 6.
[ornatus, Fr. P. convexo-plane, umb. with rusty floccose squamules
that disappear; g. adnate, very broad, yellow; s. spongy, yellow;
sp. 6 long.
[properatus, C. Mart. P. membranous, form various, always
umbil. central or excentric, yellowish white with concentric brown
scales; g. adnato-decur. tinged yellow, edge eroded; s. cylindric with
concentric brown scales, ring membranaceous, fugacious.
subpalmatus, Fr. P. 7-12 cm. Caespitose. Convex then depr.
rugulose, rufescent, cuticle gelatinous; g. adnate, connected behind,
dingy; s. 3-4 cm. incurved; sp. ——.
Remarkable for the variegated flesh.
[coripellis, Fr. P. rigid, glabrous, moist, somewhat bay, thick
pellicle separable, disc compact, umb.; g. arcuato-adnate, plane,
crowded, white; s. excentric, vertical, rigid, fibrillosely striate,
whitish.
P. almost black but fawn or yellow-brown when dry. Flesh tinged
fuscous.
craspedius, Fr. Caespitose. P. 8-14 cm. thin, crenate or lobed,
brick-red or paler, glabrous; g. adnate, narrow, crowded, white; s.
4-7 cm. solid, elastic, glabrous, pallid; sp. 5.
fimbriatus, Bolt. P. 4-7 cm. thin, plane then depr. margin
sinuate or lobed, hygr. hyaline, whitish; g. adnate, closely crowded,
white; s. 2-3 cm. firm, compr. downy; sp. ——.
lignatilis, Fr. Whitish. P. tough, convex then plane, umbil.
irreg. floccosely pruinose then glabrous; g. adnate, crowded, narrow,
shining white; s. irreg. rather downy; sp. 4 × 3.
var. tephrocephalus, Fr. P. more compact, disc black then grey,
edge white.
Ruthae, B. and Br. P. 3-7 cm. more or less fan-shaped, whitish
or yellowish-buff, cuticle gelatinous, rather hispid; g. anastomosing
behind, white then reddish, veined; s. 1-3 cm. reddish, hispid;
sp. ——.
Differs from P. pantoleucus in g. anastomosing behind, and not
decurrent.
circinatus, Fr. White. P. 5-7 cm. plane, orbicular, silky-pruinose;
g. adnato-decur. crowded; s. 2-5 cm. equal, glabrous,
rooting; sp. ——.
[olearius, D. C. Caespitose. P. subexcentric plane or umbil. dry,
reddish tawny or deep brown; g. decur. narrow, yellow; s. solid,
firm, reddish-brown; sp. 5 × 4.
Gills phosphorescent.
var. carpini (= P. carpini, Fr.). P. convexo-exp. angular,
rivulosely scaly when dry; s. slender, short, excentric or lateral; g.
adnexed, thin, rusty.
[juglandinus, Kalchbr. P. plano-convex, even, glabrous, dingy
golden-yellow, rather lobed; g. decur. distant, ends narrowed; s. excentric,
solid, brown-pilose; sp. 5.5 × 2.5.
*** Gills decurrent; stem almost vertical.
[aquifolii, Fr. P. rather wavy, soft, convex then plane, dusky
tan; g. thick, dusky, joined in a ring behind; s. stout, equal, white.
Edible.
[eryngii, D. C. P. fleshy, tough, exp. depr. irreg. rufous-grey,
scabrid-virgate; g. broad, tinged pink; s. naked, whitish, solid; sp.
7-9 × 3.5.
[nebrodensis, Inzeng. P. compact, convex then depr. even,
glabrous, grey; g. decur. whitish; s. solid, excentric or lateral, short,
ascending, whitish.
[nauseosodulcis, Karst. P. soft, irreg. unequal, exp. even, glabrous,
entirely tan; g. decur. crowded, pallid; s. excentric, rarely
central, solid, tomentose, whitish; sp. 7-8 × 5.
sapidus, Kalchbr. Caespitose. P. fleshy, deformed, centre depr.
glabrous, pallid; g. decur. whitish; several stems springing from a
common base; sp. 11-12 × 4.
More or less trumpet-shaped. Edible.
[cornucopoides, Pers. P. very variable in form, convex, depr.
glabrous, white then livid yellow; g. decur. white; s. subexcentric to
lateral, expanding into p.
[lingulatus, Paulet. P. dimidiate or entire, umbil. convex,
deformed, even, pale ochre, edge incurved; g. subdecur. closely
crowded, paler than p.; s. solid, long, subcompr. white; sp. 10-12 long.
[melanopus, Fr. P. excentric or dimidiate, deformed, somewhat
lobed, glabrous pale rufous; g. decur. crowded, narrow, whitish
red; s. solid, glabrous, ascending, black.
[spodoleucus, Fr. P. plane, orbicular, even, glabrous, greyish;
g. crowded, white, separate behind; s. solid, glabrous, paler than p.;
sp. 5-6 × 2-3.
pantoleucus, Fr. White. P. 4-7 cm. even, glabrous, spathulate,
depr. behind, marginate; g. crowded, distinct at base; s.
1-2 cm. ascending, glabrous, not rooting; sp. 11-12 × 4.
Differs from P. spodoleucus in pileus being white and depressed
behind.
[pometi, Fr. White. P. fleshy, rather flaccid, convex, even, disc
depr.; g. decur. crowded, not joined behind; s. elastic with a downy
rooting base; sp. 6-9 × 3-4.
[Battarrae, Q. White. P. cyathiform, spotted with blackish
brown squamules; g. milk-white; s. slender, attenuated; sp. 12 long.
[lignicola, Sacc. White. P. tough, irreg. exp. subumbil. floccosely
pruinose; g. adnato-decur. crowded, shining white; s. long,
incurved, flocculose at first; sp. 14 × 4.
mutilus, Fr. White. P. 2-2.5 cm. fleshy, irreg. silky when dry;
g. narrow, simple; s. 1-2 cm. long, terete, base downy; sp. ——.
Resembles Omph. scyphoides. Differs in nearly glabrous, irreg.
p. not becoming infundib.
[macropus, Bagl. Large, caespitose. P. excentric, exp. glabrous,
sooty-grey; g. decur. white; s. joined at base, firm, long, thickly
tomentose.
[luteo-caesius, Bagl. P. subexcentric, exp. fibrillosely rivulose,
tawny brown, edge wavy, incurved; g. subdecur. narrow, greyish
yellow; s. solid, fibrillose, long rooting.
[lutincola, Lasch. Caespitose, fuscous; p. glabrous; g. adnate
with a tooth running down stem to torn ring; s. often excentric.
[pulvinatus, Pers. P. pulvinate, rather wavy, glabrous, whitish,
disc tinged flesh-colour; g. decur. crowded, white; s. very short,
solid, hard.
**** Veil absent; gills deeply decur.; pileus lateral,
sessile or produced behind into a short stem-like base.
ostreatus, Jacq. Tufted. P. 7-15 cm. fleshy, shell-shaped,
ascending, blackish then grey or pallid; g. rather distant, anastomosing
behind, pallid; s. widening into p. very short, downy or
strigose at base; sp. 10-12 × 4-5. Esculent.
var. euosmus, B. Smell strong. Gills and spores tinged pink.
var. columbinus, Q. P. dark bluish-grey.
var. nudipes, Boud. S. quite glabrous.
[ambiguus, Oud. Excentric. P. sessile or shortly stalked,
shining, blackish or deep violet, edge incurved; g. deeply decur.
anastomosing behind, lilac; s. firm, elastic, thickened upwards, base
strigose.
revolutus, Kickx. P. 9-15 cm. fleshy, firm, elastic, shining,
depr. behind, smoky-yellow then grey, edge incurved; g. serrulate,
white; s. 2-3 cm. short, thick, whitish; sp. ——.
var. anglicus. Edge of p. not or very slightly incurved; g. pallid
ochraceous.
[Staringii, Oud. Excentric. P. lateral, produced at base into
a short oblique stem, suborbicular or reniform, exp. very glabrous,
smoky fuscous, centre paler; g. white, anastomosing behind.
salignus, Pers. P. 4-9 cm. fleshy, spongy, becoming depr.
behind and strigose, horizontal, yellow brown or dusky; g. somewhat
branched, edge eroded, dingy; s. short, firm, tomentose; sp. 8-11
× 3-4.
[Saccardianus, Arc. Subexcentric, usually sinuately lobed, even,
glabrous, at length exp. and wavy, tan or grey; g. narrow, thin,
crowded; s. striate, glabrous, grey or umber; sp. 6-5 × 3-4.
[roseocinereus, Allesch. P. thin, campan. edge becoming split
and striate, fibrously silky, rosy-grey; g. very broad, pallid flesh-red;
s. shining white, fibrously striato-sulcate; sp. pale rufous, 5-7.
acerinus, Fr. White. P. 3-8 cm. tough, circular, silky-villose;
g. closely crowded, white then yellowish; s. subobsolete, downy;
sp. ——.
[pathenopejus, Comes. Large, caespitose. P. excentric, generally
dimidiate, conchate, elliptical or rounded, mouse-grey then pale,
viscid, squamulose; g. deeply decur. base anastomosing, white then
tinged yellow; sp. 9-12 × 4-6.
[Gemmellari, Inzeng. Large, sessile. P. lateral, convex then
exp. yellowish, striate, upper stratum gelatinous; g. decur. broad,
anastomosing behind, white then sulphur.
B. Dimidiati. P. definitely lateral, without a free
margin behind; not resupinate at first.
[geoginus, D. C. P. erect, subinfundib. even, glabrous, edge
wavy, reflexed, brownish; g. decur. crowded, white; s. very short,
thick, tuberous.
* Pileus fleshy, uniform in texture.
porrigens, Pers. White. P. 4-7 cm. thin, tough, resup. then
ascending, ear- or fan-shaped, glabrous upwards; g. very narrow; sp.
7-8 × 6.
Resembling P. petaloides in habit but white, and no stem-like
base.
[pinsitus, Fr. P. fleshy, soft, horizontal, silky-villose, wavy, hygr.
dingy then white; g. broad, distinct; sp. rough, 10-11 long.
[nidulans, Pers. P. subreniform, tomentose, yellow; g. broad,
tawny-orange; sp. 3-5 × 1.
[caesiozonatus, Rab. P. subsessile, tough, plane then depr.
behind, downy, ochre-brown, zoned with bluish grey; g. broad,
brownish yellow.
septicus, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. rather fleshy, resup. then reflexed,
pubescent, white; s. thin, 2-3 mm. incurved, disappearing; g.
distant; sp. 8-10 × 6.
Claudopus variabilis differs in tinted gills and spores.
[roseolus, Q. P. convex, conchoid, translucent, striate, rather
woolly, rosy-purple; g. rosy, edge darker; s. curved, downy, colour of
p.; sp. 8.
** Pileus fleshy, striate, upper surface gelatinous, or
with a viscid pellicle.
mastrucatus, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. resup. then exp. and horizontal,
often lobed, brown, with erect bristly squamules; g. broad, greyish
white; sp. ——.
[rivulorum, Pat. and Doas. P. subgelatinous, pellucid, rusty
brown and covered with white down, horizontal or ascending; g. grey
then vinous; s. lateral, tubercular, downy, white, rosy when touched;
sp. 4-6.
[tremens, Q. P. reniform or flabellate, diaphanous, rosy-violet,
tremelloid; g. sinuate, pinkish; s. lateral, colour of p.; sp. rough,
6-7.
atrocoeruleus, Fr. P. 2-5 cm. fleshy, downy, dusky blue;
g. broad, whitish; sp. glob. 2-3.
P. sometimes brownish, and g. sometimes yellowish.
[myxotrichus, Lév. P. reniform, at first viscid, becoming spongy,
covered with white down, sessile or with a short stem; g. rather
broad, crowded; sp. 10-12 long.
[furvellus, Karst. P. dusky or bluish rosy, yellowish-white then
brownish when old; sp. 6-9 × 4-5.
Allied to P. unguicularis but larger and becoming pale.
Leightoni, B. P. 1-1.5 cm. at first obliquely conical then shell-shaped,
umber or lead-colour, scurfy and with short black bristles; g.
distant, tan, forked at base; sp. ——.
algidus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. horizontal, reniform, pellicle thin,
viscid, reddish-brown or grey; g. crowded, yellowish.
fluxilis, Fr. P. reniform, gelatinoso-viscid above, umber; g.
radiating from a lateral point, distant, whitish; sp. 10 long.
[unguicularis, Fr. P. resup. covered with a viscid pellicle, grey
or blackish; s. incurved then ascending, very short, white; g. distant,
white; sp. 4-6 × 1.5.
[Silvanus, Sacc. P. thin, sessile, cupulate or dimidiate, resupinate
then reflexed, very even, glabrous, greyish black, very minutely
white-scurfy; g. broad, dingy white; sp. strongly curved, 8-9
× 3.5-4.
cyphellaeformis, B. P. 5-8 mm. pendulous, cup-shaped, downy
or mealy, upper layer gelatinous, grey; g. narrow, distant, pure
white; sp. ——.
Resembling a Cyphella in habit.
[nivosus, Q. P. thin, campan. sessile, gelatinous, white and like
parchment when dry, granularly rugose, striate, subpellucid, smoky
grey, when moist with hyaline warts; g. narrow, white; sp. reniform,
12 × 2.
applicatus, Batsch. P. 4-8 mm. dusky grey, sessile, thin, rather
firm, cupulate, resupinate then reflexed, slightly striate, subpruinose,
base downy; gills broad, paler; sp. glob. 4-5.
Differs from P. tremulus in absence of distinct s.
[Mustialensis, Karst. P. resupinate, subgelatinous within,
sessile or with an exceedingly short lateral stem, black, white-tomentose;
g. distant, narrow, paler; sp. 6-8 × 4.
Differs from P. applicatus in black p. with white down, and
dark g.
*** Pileus membranaceous, not viscid.
Hobsoni, B. P. 4-7 mm. reniform or semicircular, horizontal,
pale grey, downy; g. radiating, pallid; sp. ——.
Differs from P. applicatus in being plane.
striatulus, Fr. P. 3-4 mm. very thin, pale grey, slightly cup-shaped,
striate, glabrous; g. few, distant.
[canus, Q. P. thin, dimidiate, reniform, edge mostly lobed,
whitish, downy, striate; g. very distant, adnate, white, edge fimbriate;
s. rudimentary; sp. 7-9 × 5.
[arenarius, Lasch. Hoary-pallid, subsulcate, slightly tomentose;
g. distant, thick, broad; s. absent or very short, white-floccose.
Allied to P. striatulus.
[perpusillus, Fr. White. P. very thin, resup. then reflexed,
even, glabrous; g. few, broad.
[subplicatus, Karst. P. very thin, resup. orbicular, usually
entire, almost plane, striato-plicate, rather silky, white, fixed by a
white downy base; g. radiating from an excentric point, broad,
whitish; sp. 6-7 × 4-5.
var. cinereus, Karst. Entirely pale grey or glaucous.
hypnophilus, B. P. 3-6 mm. very thin, flat, white, rather
reniform, nearly smooth; g. radiating, distant, simple; sp. 5 × 3.
Resembling Claudopus variabilis, but gills and spores white.
chioneus, Pers. Snow white. P. 2-3 mm. very thin, subresupinate,
downy; s. short, downy, evanescent; g. rather broad; sp.
10 long.
P. septicus is larger; s. more distinct; p. thicker.
Differs from P. hypnophilus in downy pileus.
[craterellus, Dur. and Lév. Cupulate, white, even, downy, edge
entire; sp. 6 long.
[pudens, Q. P. downy, hygr. coriaceous, cup-shaped, g. radiating,
thin, wavy, white tinged lilac; s. central, short.
petaloides, Bull. P. 2-5 cm. thin, ascending, spathulate, entire,
disc depr. brownish then pale; g. crowded, narrow, whitish; s. short,
compressed, downy; sp. 9-10 × 4.
P. porrigens differs in being white and stemless.
[semiinfundibuliformis, Karst. Erect, simple, semiinfundib.
even, glabrous, rusty tan, edge wavy, reflexed; g. deeply decur.
crowded, whitish then yellowish; s. exactly lateral, pallid; sp. 4-6,
subgl.
pulmonarius, Fr. P. 4-5 cm. obovate or reniform, rather convex,
glabrous, greyish or tan; g. plano-decur. simple, albo-livid; s.
round, very short, downy; sp. ——.
Differs from P. serotinus in very short s., and glabrous p.
var. juglandis, Fr. Gregarious; g. greyish brown.
[pulmonariellus, Karst. P. convex, reniform, rather strigose,
even, yellowish, intermediate stratum thick, gelatinous; g. plano-decur.
crowded, white then yellowish; s. very short.
[almeni, Fr. P. thin, reniform, glabrous, brownish tawny, narrowed
behind into a very short stem; g. determinately decur. divergent,
paler than pileus; sp. 7-9 × 3-4.
serotinus, Schrad. P. 3-7 cm. fleshy, compact, viscid, reniform
or obovate, yellowish-green, or sooty-olive; g. crowded, yellow then
pallid; s. 2 cm. with blackish squamules; sp. ——.
mitis, Pers. P. 1-2 cm. tough, reniform, dry, rufescent then
whitish; g. crowded, distinct, white; s. 1 cm. compressed, dilated
upwards, whitish-squamulose; sp. 4 × 2.
gadinoides, W. G. Sm. White. P. 1-1.5 cm. horizontal, shell-shaped,
hygr. floccose, dry; g. crowded, branched; s. minute or
absent; sp. 7 × 3.
limpidus, Fr. White. P. 1-2 cm. obovate or reniform, even,
glabrous, hygr., narrowed behind to point of attachment; g. white,
decur. to base; sp. ——.
Differs from P. mitis in being shining white and subsessile.
[limpidoides, Karst. P. obovoid or reniform, often lobed, soft,
even, velvety, dark grey then livid; g. decur. whitish; upper stratum
of flesh gelatinous; sp. 6-9 × 3-4.
[subrufulus, Karst. P. soft, subgelatinous, orbicular or reniform,
even, glabrous, rufous- or pinkish-white; g. crowded, white; s. lateral,
strigose, very short.
[planus, Fr. Minute, subsessile, violet then flesh-colour.
reniformis, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. horizontal, reniform, grey, disc depr.
plane; g. spreading from tubercular stem-like base, divergent, grey;
sp. ——.
[Kerneri, Wettst. P. obovate or reniform, lateral, not immarginate
behind, sessile, entire, edge lobed, convex, grey, base blackish,
minutely pulverulent; g. grey, simple; sp. glob. 3-5.
tremulus, Fr. P. 1-2 cm. reniform, even, glabrous, disc depr.
greyish brown then pale; g. rather distant, grey; s. 1 cm. subterete,
ascending, grey; sp. 6-8 × 5-7.
Differs from P. reniformis in having a stem.
lauro-cerasi, B. and Br. P. 2-3 cm. thin, horizontal, circular or
shell-shaped, sulcate, brownish, attached by narrowed base; g. broad
at middle, whitish; sp. 8 × 5.
[dictyorhizus, D. C. White. P. very thin, orbicular, sinuate,
subsessile, base reticulately-fibrillose; g. simple, unequal; sp. 6 long.
acerosus, Fr. P. 2-3 cm. very thin, reniform, plane, striate,
sublobed, grey, silky white when dry; g. narrow, crowded, grey; s.
obsolete, base substrigose; sp. glob. 5-6.
[Severinii, Com. Shining white. Velvety then almost glabrous,
orbicular, edge entire, incurved; g. decur. simple; s. short, incurved.
C. Resupinati. Pileus at first resupinate; gills radiating
from an excentric point; then reflexed, sessile.