Municipal Charters: in A.D. 1217 the first of these in the Northern Netherlands is obtained by the town of Middelburg in Zeeland, [45]
Mutinies of Spanish troops: account of, 79 to 81, and [111]
Naarden: in 1572 is destroyed by the Spaniards, [66]
Negotiations for the alliance of the Dutch and English East India Companies: particulars concerning, 161 and [162]
van Nek, Jacob: successful voyage to India of, [124]
Netherlands: the territory of the Northern Provinces is the last occupied on the continent of Europe, [42]; no traces of palæolithic men are found there, ib.; the Celts are the earliest known inhabitants, ib.; the Batavi, a Nether Teuton tribe, come next, ib.; the Frisians occupy the territory farther north, [43]; palæolithic implements in great abundance are found in the southern provinces, [42]; which in the earliest historical times are occupied by Celts, [43]; at the time of the Roman invasion the extreme north is occupied by Teutons, the extreme south by Celts, and the centre by the two races intermingled, ib.; the country is conquered by Cæsar and the Frisians are compelled to pay tribute, but the Batavi are admitted to an alliance with Rome, ib.; some centuries later on the fall of the Roman empire, other Teutonic tribes enter the country, [44]; when the Franks conquer the Romanised Celtic territory in the south, ib.; in A.D. 785 the conquest of the whole country is completed by Charlemagne, ib.; under his feeble successors it is broken up into a number of petty states independent of each other, ib.; which in course of time become prosperous through manufactures, commerce, and the fisheries, [45]; the towns are able to obtain, mostly by purchase from their sovereigns, charters conferring extensive powers of self government, ib.; in 1437 through various causes many of the provinces or separate states come under the dominion of Philippe duke of Burgundy, [46]; in 1477 the “Great Privilege” is granted by Mary of Burgundy, [47]; who marries Maximilian of Hapsburg, and leaves a son, Philippe by name, as sovereign of the Burgundian Netherlands, [48]; this Philippe marries the eldest daughter of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile, and in 1500 has a son born to him, who becomes the emperor Charles V, ib.; Charles inherits the sovereignty of all the Netherland provinces except Gelderland, Utrecht, the Frisian provinces, Liege, Flanders, and Artois, ib.; by 1544 all of the provinces except Liege are under his rule, [49]; enumeration of the provinces, [50]; in 1555 on the abdication of Charles V all of the provinces except Liege come under the sovereignty of his son Philippe II of Spain, [51]; under whose rule they are treated with such cruelty that they rise in rebellion against him, [51] et seq.
Synoptical Index.
Newbery, John: travels of, [39]
Nieuwpoort: battle of, [113]
van Noort, Olivier: in 1598-1601 is the first Netherlander to sail round the world, 124 and [125]