| Table of Temperature Data of Places in South America. | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Latitude | Longitude | Eleva- tion in Feet | Mean Temperature of Year | Maximum Temperature of Year | Minimum Temperature of Year | |||
| F. | C. | F. | C. | F. | C. | ||||
| Northern Coast, on Atlantic Seaboard. | |||||||||
| Caracas, Venezuela | 10° 30′ N. | 66° 55′ W. | 3,000 | 71·2 | 21·8 | 79·7 | 26·5 | 57·8 | 14·3 |
| La Guayra, port | 10° 37′ N. | 67° 0′ W. | — | 78·2 | 25·7 | — | — | — | — |
| Tovar | 10° 26′ N. | 67° 20′ W. | 6,000 | 58.0 | 14·4 | — | — | — | — |
| Western Littoral—Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. | |||||||||
| Medellin | 6° 10′ N. | 75° 45′ W. | 4,676 | 70·0 | 21·1 | 85·0 | 29·4 | 56·5 | 13·6 |
| Bogota | 4° 35′ N. | 71° 14′ W. | 8,650 | 58·0 | 14·4 | 72·0 | 22·2 | 45·8 | 7·7 |
| Quito | 0° 14′ S. | 78° 32′ W. | 9,300 | 56·3 | 13·5 | 73·5 | 23·1 | 38·2 | 3·4 |
| Antisana | 0° 21′ S. | 78° 6′ W. | 13,200 | 40·8 | 4·9 | 52·0 | 11·0 | 21·0 | -6·2 |
| Guayaquil | 2° 10′ S. | 79° 56′ W. | — | 80·7 | 27·0 | 95·0 | 35·0 | 66·2 | 19·0 |
| Lima | 12° 4′ S. | 79° 21′ W. | 530 | 66·2 | 19·0 | 88·2 | 31·2 | 48·5 | 9·2 |
| Anca | 18° 25′ S. | 70° 22′ W. | — | 67·5 | 19·7 | 82·4 | 28·0 | 56·0 | 13·3 |
| Salta | 24° 46′ S. | 65° 24′ W. | 4,000 | 63·2 | 17·3 | 109·4 | 43·0 | 23·0 | -5·0 |
| Copiapo | 27° 22′ S. | 70° 23′ W. | 1,200 | 61·5 | 16·4 | 87·3 | 30·7 | 37·4 | 3·0 |
| North-East Coast—British Guiana. | |||||||||
| Georgetown | 6° 50′ N. | 58° 8′ W. | — | 79·0 | 26·1 | 90·0 | 32·2 | 70·0 | 21·1 |
| Dutch Guiana. | |||||||||
| Burnside | 5° 53′ N. | 50° 23′ W. | — | 78·7 | 25·9 | 92·8 | 33·8 | 68·7 | 20·4 |
| Paramaribo | 5° 44′ N. | 50° 13′ W. | — | 78·7 | 25·9 | 94·4 | 34·6 | 67·8 | 19·9 |
| French Guiana. | |||||||||
| Cayenne | 4° 56′ N. | 52° 18′ W. | — | 79·5 | 26·4 | 94·4 | 34·6 | 68·0 | 20·0 |
| Brazil, Amazon Coast. | |||||||||
| Para | 1° 30′ S. | 48° 24′ W. | — | 78·5 | 25·8 | — | — | — | — |
| Interior of Brazil. | |||||||||
| Manaos | 3° 8′ S. | 60° 0′ W. | 150 | 79·0 | 26·0 | — | — | — | — |
| San Antonio | 9° 5′ S. | 64° 0′ W. | — | 78·0 | 25·6 | — | — | — | — |
| Peruvian frontier | 11° 30′ S. | 68° 30′ W. | 650 | 77·4 | 25·2 | — | — | — | — |
| Cuyaba | 15° 86′ S. | 56° 7′ W. | 700 | 77·5 | 25·3 | 105·8 | 41·0 | 48·2 | 9·0 |
| Uberaba | 19° 44′ S. | 47° 45′ W. | 2,600 | 70·3 | 21·3 | 96·8 | 36·0 | 36·5 | 2·5 |
| Western Central Brazil. | |||||||||
| Pernambuco | 8° 4′ S. | 34° 51′ W. | — | 78·5 | 25·8 | 97·5 | 36·4 | 64·5 | 18·1 |
| Victoria | 8° 9′ S. | 35° 27′ W. | 550 | 76·7 | 24·8 | 99·4 | 37·4 | 57·3 | 14·1 |
| Colony of Isabella | 8° 45′ S. | 35° 42′ W. | 750 | 74·2 | 23·4 | 91·2 | 32·9 | 56·2 | 13·4 |
| Bahia | 12° 59′ S. | 38° 36′ W. | 200 | 77·8 | 25·5 | 89·0 | 31·7 | 70·7 | 21·5 |
| Rio Janeiro | 22° 54′ S. | 43° 10′ W. | 200 | 72·5 | 22·3 | 97·7 | 36·6 | 55·2 | 12·9 |
| Joinville | 26° 19′ S. | 49° 43′ W. | — | 68·0 | 20·0 | — | — | — | — |
| Villa Formosa | 26° 13′ S. | 58° 5′ W. | 250 | 70·2 | 21·2 | 100·3 | 38·0 | 37·7 | 3·2 |
| Table of Temperature Data of Places in South America. | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place | Latitude | Longitude | Eleva- tion in Feet | Hottest Month | Coldest Month | ||||
| Name | Mean Temperature | Name | Mean Temperature | ||||||
| F. | C. | F. | C. | ||||||
| Northern Coast, on Atlantic Seaboard. | |||||||||
| Caracas, Venezuela | 10° 30′ N. | 66° 55′ W. | 3,000 | May | 74·0 | 23·3 | January | 68·5 | 20·3 |
| La Guayra, port | 10° 37′ N. | 67° 0′ W. | — | September | 80·7 | 27·0 | Feb.-Mar. | 75·7 | 24·3 |
| Tovar | 10° 26′ N. | 67° 20′ W. | 6,000 | April | 59·6 | 15·3 | January | 54·5 | 12·5 |
| Western Littoral—Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. | |||||||||
| Medellin | 6° 10′ N. | 75° 45′ W. | 4,676 | February | 71·0 | 21·7 | November | 68·5 | 20·3 |
| Bogota | 4° 35′ N. | 71° 14′ W. | 8,650 | Mar.-April | 58·7 | 14·8 | July | 56·8 | 13·8 |
| Quito | 0° 14′ S. | 78° 32′ W. | 9,300 | Dec.-Jan. | 56·7 | 13·7 | Sept.-Oct. | 56·2 | 13·4 |
| Antisana | 0° 21′ S. | 78° 6′ W. | 13,200 | January | 43·2 | 6·2 | July-Aug. | 37·3 | 3·0 |
| Guayaquil | 2° 10′ S. | 79° 56′ W. | — | January | 83·4 | 28·5 | July | 77·8 | 25·5 |
| Lima | 12° 4′ S. | 79° 21′ W. | 530 | February | 73·7 | 23·2 | July | 59·0 | 15·0 |
| Anca | 18° 25′ S. | 70° 22′ W. | — | Dec.-Jan. | 71·7 | 22·0 | August | 63·2 | 17·3 |
| Salta | 24° 46′ S. | 65° 24′ W. | 4,000 | December | 72·2 | 22·3 | June | 50·8 | 10·5 |
| Copiapo | 27° 22′ S. | 70° 23′ W. | 1,200 | January | 69·8 | 21·0 | July | 53·2 | 11·8 |
| North-East Coast—British Guiana. | |||||||||
| Georgetown | 6° 50′ N. | 58° 8′ W. | — | Sept.-Oct. | 80·7 | 27·0 | Jan.-Feb. | 77·5 | 25·3 |
| Dutch Guiana. | |||||||||
| Burnside | 5° 53′ N. | 50° 23′ W. | — | October | 80·0 | 26·7 | February | 77·3 | 25·2 |
| Paramaribo | 5° 44′ N. | 50° 13′ W. | — | September | 80·8 | 27·1 | January | 77·2 | 25·1 |
| French Guiana. | |||||||||
| Cayenne | 4° 56′ N. | 52° 18′ W. | — | Sept.-Oct. | 81·4 | 27·4 | January | 77·5 | 25·3 |
| Brazil, Amazon Coast. | |||||||||
| Para | 1° 30′ S. | 48° 24′ W. | — | June | 79·5 | 26·4 | January | 77·7 | 25·4 |
| Interior of Brazil. | |||||||||
| Manaos | 3° 8′ S. | 60° 0′ W. | 150 | November | 79·8 | 26·6 | April | 77·0 | 25·0 |
| San Antonio | 9° 5′ S. | 64° 0′ W. | — | October | 79·4 | 26·3 | June | 76·8 | 24·9 |
| Peruvian frontier | 11° 30′ S. | 68° 30′ W. | 650 | December | 80·0 | 26·7 | June | 72·2 | 22·3 |
| Cuyaba | 15° 86′ S. | 56° 7′ W. | 700 | Sept.-Oct. | 80·7 | 27·0 | June | 69·5 | 20·8 |
| Uberaba | 19° 44′ S. | 47° 45′ W. | 2,600 | February | 74·2 | 23·4 | July | 64·0 | 17·8 |
| Western Central Brazil. | |||||||||
| Pernambuco | 8° 4′ S. | 34° 51′ W. | — | February | 81·7 | 27·6 | July | 73·7 | 23·2 |
| Victoria | 8° 9′ S. | 35° 27′ W. | 550 | February | 79·5 | 26·4 | July | 72·8 | 22·7 |
| Colony of Isabella | 8° 45′ S. | 35° 42′ W. | 750 | February | 76·6 | 24·7 | July | 70·0 | 21·1 |
| Bahia | 12° 59′ S. | 38° 36′ W. | 200 | February | 80·8 | 27·1 | July | 73·7 | 23·2 |
| Rio Janeiro | 22° 54′ S. | 43° 10′ W. | 200 | February | 77·2 | 25·1 | July | 67·5 | 19·7 |
| Joinville | 26° 19′ S. | 49° 43′ W. | — | February | 75·5 | 24·2 | July | 61·5 | 16·4 |
| Villa Formosa | 26° 13′ S. | 58° 5′ W. | 250 | January | 79·2 | 26·2 | July | 61·3 | 16·3 |
In contrast with the fairly liberal rainfall of the east coast we find places almost as rainless as Waddy Halfa in the Soudan.
Arequipa, e.g., though situated high up on the Andes, is nearly as dry as Lima, but receives a few trifling showers during the height of summer and autumn (January to March).
| Arequipa. Lat. 16° 24′ S.; Long. 71° 30′ W.E.F., 7,680. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Mean Monthly Temperature | Relative Humidity | Monthly Rainfall | ||
| F. | C. | Ins. | Mm. | ||
| January | 56·5 | 13·6 | 65 | 1·08 | 27 |
| February | 55·4 | 13·0 | 69 | 5·28 | 134 |
| March | 56·0 | 13·3 | — | 0·84 | 21 |
| April | 53·2 | 11·8 | 71 | 0 | 0 |
| May | 49·0 | 9·4 | — | 0 | 0 |
| June | 47·5 | 8·6 | 44 | 0 | 0 |
| July | 51·0 | 10·6 | 45 | 0 | 0 |
| August | 53·0 | 11·7 | 52 | 0 | 0 |
| September | 56·0 | 13·3 | 55 | 0·03 | 1 |
| October | 56·7 | 13·7 | 59 | 0 | 0 |
| November | 57·2 | 14·0 | — | 0 | 0 |
| December | 56·8 | 13·8 | 65 | 0·03 | 1 |
| Year | 54·2 | 12·3 | 59 | 7·28 | 185 |
These Western figures must serve as a specimen, though only for a single year; for as already remarked, meteorology is but fitfully studied in South America.
Many towns and districts, especially on the northern and eastern coasts, are at a considerable elevation above the sea, and in estimating the probable climate of such localities the following scale of diminution of mean temperature for height in the equatorial Andes may be of service:—
| Elevation in Feet | - | Sea-level | 1,500 | 4,500 | 7,000 | 10,000 | 13,000 | 17,000 | 20,000 | |
| Tempera- ture F. | - | 80° | 77° | 68° | 59° | 50° | 40° | 32° | 20° | |
Or expressed in the metric system:—
| Elevation in Metres | - | Sea-level | 490 | 1,420 | 2,320 | 3,270 | 4,190 | 5,120 | 6,040 | |
| Tempera- ture C. | - | 27° | 25° | 20° | 15° | 10° | 5° | 0° | -5° | |