In one of these pleasant spots the Anglo-Indian community are said to save themselves from the sun during the day by sitting beneath the Club billiard table, still wearing their solar hats, to cut off certain of the rays that have found their way through the slate bed of the table, and there is a good deal of foundation in fact for the “yarn,” as one requires to have lived there to have any adequate conception of what it is like. For seven months in the year indeed the climate is extremely trying, but as some compensation the cold weather, which lasts a full five months, at Peshawar in the north is most enjoyable and goes far to brace up residents to bear the horrors of the hot season.
At Peshawar I have been glad to sit over a blazing fire all day at the end of February, and even in Scind there are some three months of very pleasant weather. In the Eastern Punjab there is, however, a much more respectable rainfall, and the climate closely approaches that of the next zone. During the cold weather the daily range of temperature is considerable, so that if chills are to be avoided it is necessary to put on additional clothing after sunset.
The Old North-west, so called because up to “the forties” it formed our actual frontier, has in many ways the best climate to be found in the plains of India, the best part of the area being undoubtedly the Rohilkhand division. During the hot weather, it is true, the heat rivals that of the Punjab, and one may at times have a long succession of hot nights, but the worst is over by the middle of June, as with the “bursting of the monsoon” comes a great and welcome relief, which in good years is kept up through the rest of the warm weather. When, however, a “break in the rains” of any duration occurs, the climate for the time becomes, if anything, more trying than the contemporaneous conditions in the Punjab. The cold weather, however, goes on for four months, and affords one of the finest climates in the world for those who are not enthusiasts for the miseries of ice and snow.
| Table Showing the Monthly Rainfall and Mean Temperature of Thirty-OneIndian Stations. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Station | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December | Remarks | |||||||||||||
| Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | ||||
| 1 | Simla | S u b - T r o p i c a l I n d i a . | 2·35 | 41·5° | 2·68 | 41·5° | 2·24 | 50·7° | 1·90 | 59·7° | 3·64 | 64·5° | 6·79 | 68·0° | 17·55 | 65·0° | 17·98 | 63·5° | 6·56 | 62·4° | 1·22 | 56·8° | 0·54 | 49·7° | 0·74 | 45·8° | Hill station, with practically temperate climate. Not malarious. |
| 2 | Peshawar (N.) | 1·77 | 51·7 | 0·98 | 53·6 | 1·70 | 64·2 | 1·84 | 73·7 | 0·75 | 83·6 | 0·35 | 91·0 | 1·79 | 99·0 | 2·70 | 88·4 | 0·64 | 82·8 | 0·11 | 72·9 | 0·57 | 60·6 | 0·34 | 53·0 | Punjab Stations.—Intensely hot in summer, quite cold in winter; rainfall scanty. Malaria rifefrom August to November; sometimes of a very virulent type. | |
| Lahore (Mid.) | 1·06 | 54·4 | 1·10 | 57·1 | 0·73 | 69·2 | 0·46 | 80·7 | 1·03 | 87·4 | 1·84 | 92·7 | 6·67 | 89·5 | 5·83 | 87·4 | 2·49 | 84·9 | 0·26 | 76·6 | 0·10 | 63·7 | 0·38 | 56·1 | |||
| Multan (S.) | 0·48 | 56·3 | 0·38 | 59·5 | 0·38 | 72·1 | 0·07 | 82·7 | 0·42 | 90·3 | 0·59 | 94·5 | 2·94 | 93·1 | 1·58 | 91·1 | 0·42 | 88·5 | 0·00 | 70·9 | 0·10 | 67·8 | 0·20 | 58·6 | |||
| 3 | Meerut | 1·27 | 57·4 | 0·79 | 61·0 | 0·77 | 72·4 | 0·24 | 83·2 | 0·69 | 88·5 | 2·44 | 91·1 | 9·54 | 86·3 | 10·59 | 84·5 | 5·74 | 83·2 | 0·42 | 76·4 | 0·08 | 65·3 | 0·32 | 58·6 | North-West Provinces.—Hot and dry from April to mid-June; then to September moderate rain; coolwith bright sun, November to March. Malarious from August to November, but seldom of a severe type. | |
| Agra | 0·53 | 61·0 | 0·21 | 65·0 | 0·31 | 77·2 | 0·14 | 88·2 | 0·60 | 93·7 | 2·54 | 94·8 | 11·50 | 86·6 | 7·67 | 84·5 | 4·91 | 84·3 | 0·47 | 80·4 | 0·05 | 60·5 | 0·19 | 62·1 | |||
| Allahabad | 0·85 | 60·8 | 0·28 | 65·3 | 0·32 | 77·8 | 0·11 | 88·1 | 0·39 | 22·4 | 5·69 | 92·6 | 12·33 | 85·4 | 11·10 | 84·1 | 6·05 | 83·8 | 1·83 | 78·8 | 0·17 | 68·2 | 0·32 | 61·2 | |||
| Benares | 0·79 | 61·2 | 0·37 | 65·9 | 0·28 | 77·8 | 0·08 | 87·9 | 0·72 | 91·6 | 5·13 | 91·6 | 10·74 | 85·5 | 11·83 | 84·3 | 6·59 | 84·2 | 2·30 | 79·3 | 0·36 | 68·7 | 0·24 | 61·4 | |||
| Jhansi | 0·59 | 63·3 | 0·33 | 67·3 | 0·35 | 79·3 | 0·13 | 89·9 | 0·49 | 94·9 | 4·89 | 93·5 | 12·60 | 84·5 | 12·50 | 82·6 | 6·80 | 83·1 | 0·70 | 80·5 | 0·12 | 70·4 | 0·13 | 64·3 | |||
| 4 | Patna | 0·65 | 61·3 | 0·53 | 65·3 | 0·38 | 77·4 | 0·26 | 87·0 | 1·97 | 88·6 | 7·34 | 88·4 | 11·75 | 85·1 | 11·30 | 84·4 | 7·40 | 84·7 | 3·25 | 80·5 | 0·17 | 70·7 | 0·13 | 62·6 | Upper Bengal.—Intermediate in climate and salubrity between N.W.P. and Lower Bengal. | |
| Hazaribagh | 0·56 | 61·7 | 0·82 | 65·8 | 0·75 | 76·3 | 0·41 | 85·2 | 2·26 | 86·3 | 7·63 | 84·2 | 14·16 | 79·0 | 13·11 | 78·3 | 8·76 | 78·3 | 3·41 | 75·0 | 0·20 | 67·2 | 0·22 | 66·9 | |||
| 5 | Calcutta | 0·60 | 66·2 | 1·38 | 70·7 | 1·57 | 80·0 | 1·74 | 85·5 | 7·62 | 85·2 | 10·74 | 85·0 | 12·46 | 83·2 | 12·95 | 82·6 | 9·33 | 82·6 | 4·39 | 80·5 | 0·66 | 72·9 | 0·24 | 66·1 | Lower Bengal and Assam.—Moist, except for a few weeks in March and April; heavy and prolongedrains, but seldom with intense heat. Malaria prolonged, and often of a severe type. | |
| Dhubri | 0·40 | 62·5 | 0·53 | 66·0 | 1·93 | 75·6 | 4·83 | 79·4 | 13·97 | 79·4 | 24·53 | 81·0 | 16·17 | 83·1 | 13·76 | 82·3 | 13·35 | 81·4 | 3·50 | 79·0 | 0·26 | 71·8 | 0·10 | 65·3 | |||
| Sibsagar | 1·47 | 59·9 | 1·96 | 62·9 | 5·07 | 69·7 | 9·37 | 74·6 | 12·63 | 78·9 | 13·69 | 83·2 | 17·10 | 84·5 | 16·19 | 83·8 | 12·22 | 82·6 | 4·84 | 78·0 | 0·98 | 69·1 | 0·57 | 61·1 | |||
| 6 | Jaipur | 0·69 | 61·1 | 0·19 | 63·0 | 0·39 | 75·4 | 0·09 | 84·9 | 0·45 | 90·9 | 2·49 | 91·4 | 9·37 | 84·4 | 10·07 | 85·0 | 4·40 | 82·7 | 0·30 | 78·9 | 0·24 | 68·8 | 0·08 | 62·8 | Rajputana.—Closely resembles the Southern Punjab. | |
| 7 | Kurrachi | 0·72 | 66·8 | 0·31 | 69·4 | 0·23 | 76·8 | 0·33 | 82·2 | 0·00 | 86·3 | 0·52 | 88·5 | 3·47 | 86·1 | 1·55 | 83·8 | 0·54 | 83·6 | 0·00 | 82·2 | 0·09 | 75·0 | 0·16 | 69·0 | Seaport of Sind.—Waterless and desert; but climate modified by proximity to sea. Exceptionally little malariapreviously to the introduction of a regular water supply. | |
| 8 | Deesa | 0·17 | 67·1 | 0·10 | 70·2 | 0·05 | 79·9 | 0·01 | 86·9 | 0·25 | 91·8 | 2·62 | 91·1 | 10·99 | 84·4 | 7·60 | 81·8 | 4·83 | 83·1 | 0·35 | 81·5 | 0·16 | 75·6 | 0·06 | 68·6 | Gujarat.—Scanty rainfall, July, August; heat of prolonged drought modified by proximity to sea. Malariamoderate, more or less throughout the year, with two maxima—in February and October respectively. | |
| 9 | Khandwa | T r o p i c a l I n d i a . | 0·31 | 67·6 | 0·06 | 71·7 | 0·13 | 81·3 | 0·17 | 89·3 | 0·45 | 93·1 | 6·05 | 87·7 | 8·82 | 81·0 | 7·14 | 79·8 | 7·56 | 80·2 | 1·73 | 78·0 | 0·31 | 70·4 | 0·56 | 65·3 | Central India.—Prolonged dry season, intensely hot in May and June; rainfall moderate. Malariaautumnal, prolonged far into cold weather, but seldom particularly virulent. |
| Jubulpur | 0·76 | 62·8 | 0·47 | 66·8 | 0·51 | 77·2 | 0·18 | 86·2 | 0·71 | 91·6 | 9·10 | 87·4 | 20·80 | 80·1 | 16·12 | 79·3 | 8·77 | 79·9 | 2·07 | 75·6 | 0·50 | 66·6 | 0·38 | 60·6 | |||
| Nagpur | 0·55 | 69·2 | 0·27 | 74·2 | 0·61 | 83·1 | 0·34 | 90·8 | 0·80 | 94·9 | 8·74 | 87·9 | 14·73 | 80·9 | 10·25 | 81·0 | 10·13 | 81·2 | 2·95 | 78·9 | 0·90 | 71·8 | 0·64 | 66·8 | |||
| 10 | Bombay | 0·13 | 75·1 | 0·01 | 75·5 | 0·03 | 79·6 | 0·01 | 82·7 | 0·94 | 85·2 | 19·37 | 83·3 | 27·17 | 80·7 | 11·43 | 80·3 | 11·81 | 80·2 | 2·47 | 81·8 | 0·66 | 79·7 | 0·09 | 76·8 | Considerable rainfall, almost confined to three months. Not very malarious. | |
| 11 | Hyderabad | 0·09 | 71·0 | 0·04 | 76·8 | 0·75 | 83·6 | 0·67 | 88·7 | 1·15 | 90·4 | 4·85 | 83·7 | 6·90 | 78·6 | 8·17 | 78·4 | 5·99 | 78·4 | 3·08 | 77·3 | 1·76 | 72·5 | 0·27 | 69·1 | Southern plateau.—Scanty rainfall, but no great annual variation of temperature; intense heat ofcentral region modified by sea breeze as ghauts are approached. Malaria worst in August, prolonged far into cool season, but rarely ofvirulent type. | |
| Poona | 0·06 | 70·0 | 0·04 | 74·2 | 0·05 | 80·7 | 0·54 | 85·5 | 1·65 | 85·3 | 4·73 | 80·6 | 6·87 | 76·3 | 3·22 | 75·7 | 5·21 | 76·3 | 4·80 | 77·5 | 1·31 | 72·4 | 0·26 | 68·6 | |||
| Belgaum | 0·06 | 70·3 | 0·02 | 74·0 | 0·35 | 78·9 | 1·72 | 81·8 | 2·62 | 80·5 | 6·59 | 74·3 | 15·37 | 71·2 | 8·74 | 71·2 | 4·64 | 71·9 | 6·39 | 73·7 | 2·11 | 71·6 | 0·13 | 69·6 | |||
| Bellary | 0·13 | 76·0 | 0·04 | 79·5 | 0·22 | 86·1 | 0·58 | 90·4 | 1·70 | 89·8 | 1·85 | 85·1 | 1·93 | 82·6 | 2·58 | 82·1 | 4·09 | 81·7 | 4·29 | 80·1 | 2·13 | 76·0 | 0·14 | 73·0 | |||
| Bangalore | 0·19 | 67·9 | 0·11 | 72·0 | 0·54 | 77·3 | 1·15 | 81·2 | 4·02 | 80·1 | 3·45 | 75·6 | 4·59 | 73·7 | 5·80 | 73·6 | 4·72 | 73·5 | 7·15 | 72·9 | 3·59 | 70·3 | 0·55 | 68·1 | |||
| Trichinopoly | 0·26 | 77·0 | 0·90 | 80·0 | 0·55 | 85·1 | 1·53 | 89·2 | 3·04 | 89·7 | 1·62 | 88·3 | 1·50 | 87·1 | 4·67 | 86·2 | 3·21 | 85·4 | 7·49 | 82·4 | 5·37 | 79·1 | 2·55 | 76·7 | |||
| 12 | Cochin (West Coast) | 0·59 | 80·0 | 0·62 | 81·2 | 2·44 | 83·7 | 4·37 | 84·7 | 13·30 | 83·2 | 28·41 | 79·5 | 21·51 | 78·6 | 13·31 | 78·7 | 9·38 | 79·2 | 14·01 | 80·1 | 6·77 | 80·6 | 1·81 | 80·3 | Southern littoral.—Climate uniform and moist. No marked malaria-free season, but disease seldomspecially severe. | |
| Madras (East Coast) | 0·89 | 76·0 | 0·28 | 77·2 | 0·39 | 80·6 | 0·62 | 85·1 | 2·12 | 89·3 | 2·11 | 89·3 | 3·87 | 87·0 | 4·56 | 85·5 | 4·69 | 85·2 | 11·00 | 82·1 | 13·21 | 78·7 | 5·28 | 76·7 | |||
| 13 | Rangoon | 0·17 | 76·3 | 0·34 | 78·9 | 0·28 | 83·6 | 1·83 | 87·0 | 9·42 | 84·9 | 17·51 | 81·3 | 21·68 | 80·3 | 18·19 | 80·3 | 16·04 | 80·7 | 6·74 | 81·4 | 2·98 | 80·1 | 0·09 | 77·5 | Lower Burmah.—Resembles Indian Southern littoral in climate, but disease often of severe type. | |
| 14 | Mandalay | 0·08 | 69·7 | 0·07 | 74·8 | 0·21 | 82·4 | 1·37 | 89·4 | 5·56 | 89·0 | 6·21 | 86·5 | 3·17 | 86·1 | 3·88 | 85·3 | 6·54 | 84·8 | 5·08 | 83·1 | 1·28 | 76·9 | 0·28 | 70·5 | Climate resembles that of Southern Indian plateau. Malaria from June to December, worst in August; disease often ofvirulent type. | |
| Table Showing the Monthly Rainfall and Mean Temperature of Thirty-OneIndian Stations. | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Station | January | February | March | April | May | June | |||||||
| Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | |||
| 1 | Simla | S u b - T r o p i c a l I n d i a . | 2·35 | 41·5° | 2·68 | 41·5° | 2·24 | 50·7° | 1·90 | 59·7° | 3·64 | 64·5° | 6·79 | 68·0° |
| 2 | Peshawar (N.) | 1·77 | 51·7 | 0·98 | 53·6 | 1·70 | 64·2 | 1·84 | 73·7 | 0·75 | 83·6 | 0·35 | 91·0 | |
| Lahore (Mid.) | 1·06 | 54·4 | 1·10 | 57·1 | 0·73 | 69·2 | 0·46 | 80·7 | 1·03 | 87·4 | 1·84 | 92·7 | ||
| Multan (S.) | 0·48 | 56·3 | 0·38 | 59·5 | 0·38 | 72·1 | 0·07 | 82·7 | 0·42 | 90·3 | 0·59 | 94·5 | ||
| 3 | Meerut | 1·27 | 57·4 | 0·79 | 61·0 | 0·77 | 72·4 | 0·24 | 83·2 | 0·69 | 88·5 | 2·44 | 91·1 | |
| Agra | 0·53 | 61·0 | 0·21 | 65·0 | 0·31 | 77·2 | 0·14 | 88·2 | 0·60 | 93·7 | 2·54 | 94·8 | ||
| Allahabad | 0·85 | 60·8 | 0·28 | 65·3 | 0·32 | 77·8 | 0·11 | 88·1 | 0·39 | 22·4 | 5·69 | 92·6 | ||
| Benares | 0·79 | 61·2 | 0·37 | 65·9 | 0·28 | 77·8 | 0·08 | 87·9 | 0·72 | 91·6 | 5·13 | 91·6 | ||
| Jhansi | 0·59 | 63·3 | 0·33 | 67·3 | 0·35 | 79·3 | 0·13 | 89·9 | 0·49 | 94·9 | 4·89 | 93·5 | ||
| 4 | Patna | 0·65 | 61·3 | 0·53 | 65·3 | 0·38 | 77·4 | 0·26 | 87·0 | 1·97 | 88·6 | 7·34 | 88·4 | |
| Hazaribagh | 0·56 | 61·7 | 0·82 | 65·8 | 0·75 | 76·3 | 0·41 | 85·2 | 2·26 | 86·3 | 7·63 | 84·2 | ||
| 5 | Calcutta | 0·60 | 66·2 | 1·38 | 70·7 | 1·57 | 80·0 | 1·74 | 85·5 | 7·62 | 85·2 | 10·74 | 85·0 | |
| Dhubri | 0·40 | 62·5 | 0·53 | 66·0 | 1·93 | 75·6 | 4·83 | 79·4 | 13·97 | 79·4 | 24·53 | 81·0 | ||
| Sibsagar | 1·47 | 59·9 | 1·96 | 62·9 | 5·07 | 69·7 | 9·37 | 74·6 | 12·63 | 78·9 | 13·69 | 83·2 | ||
| 6 | Jaipur | 0·69 | 61·1 | 0·19 | 63·0 | 0·39 | 75·4 | 0·09 | 84·9 | 0·45 | 90·9 | 2·49 | 91·4 | |
| 7 | Kurrachi | 0·72 | 66·8 | 0·31 | 69·4 | 0·23 | 76·8 | 0·33 | 82·2 | 0·00 | 86·3 | 0·52 | 88·5 | |
| 8 | Deesa | 0·17 | 67·1 | 0·10 | 70·2 | 0·05 | 79·9 | 0·01 | 86·9 | 0·25 | 91·8 | 2·62 | 91·1 | |
| 9 | Khandwa | T r o p i c a l I n d i a . | 0·31 | 67·6 | 0·06 | 71·7 | 0·13 | 81·3 | 0·17 | 89·3 | 0·45 | 93·1 | 6·05 | 87·7 |
| Jubulpur | 0·76 | 62·8 | 0·47 | 66·8 | 0·51 | 77·2 | 0·18 | 86·2 | 0·71 | 91·6 | 9·10 | 87·4 | ||
| Nagpur | 0·55 | 69·2 | 0·27 | 74·2 | 0·61 | 83·1 | 0·34 | 90·8 | 0·80 | 94·9 | 8·74 | 87·9 | ||
| 10 | Bombay | 0·13 | 75·1 | 0·01 | 75·5 | 0·03 | 79·6 | 0·01 | 82·7 | 0·94 | 85·2 | 19·37 | 83·3 | |
| 11 | Hyderabad | 0·09 | 71·0 | 0·04 | 76·8 | 0·75 | 83·6 | 0·67 | 88·7 | 1·15 | 90·4 | 4·85 | 83·7 | |
| Poona | 0·06 | 70·0 | 0·04 | 74·2 | 0·05 | 80·7 | 0·54 | 85·5 | 1·65 | 85·3 | 4·73 | 80·6 | ||
| Belgaum | 0·06 | 70·3 | 0·02 | 74·0 | 0·35 | 78·9 | 1·72 | 81·8 | 2·62 | 80·5 | 6·59 | 74·3 | ||
| Bellary | 0·13 | 76·0 | 0·04 | 79·5 | 0·22 | 86·1 | 0·58 | 90·4 | 1·70 | 89·8 | 1·85 | 85·1 | ||
| Bangalore | 0·19 | 67·9 | 0·11 | 72·0 | 0·54 | 77·3 | 1·15 | 81·2 | 4·02 | 80·1 | 3·45 | 75·6 | ||
| Trichinopoly | 0·26 | 77·0 | 0·90 | 80·0 | 0·55 | 85·1 | 1·53 | 89·2 | 3·04 | 89·7 | 1·62 | 88·3 | ||
| 12 | Cochin (West Coast) | 0·59 | 80·0 | 0·62 | 81·2 | 2·44 | 83·7 | 4·37 | 84·7 | 13·30 | 83·2 | 28·41 | 79·5 | |
| Madras (East Coast) | 0·89 | 76·0 | 0·28 | 77·2 | 0·39 | 80·6 | 0·62 | 85·1 | 2·12 | 89·3 | 2·11 | 89·3 | ||
| 13 | Rangoon | 0·17 | 76·3 | 0·34 | 78·9 | 0·28 | 83·6 | 1·83 | 87·0 | 9·42 | 84·9 | 17·51 | 81·3 | |
| 14 | Mandalay | 0·08 | 69·7 | 0·07 | 74·8 | 0·21 | 82·4 | 1·37 | 89·4 | 5·56 | 89·0 | 6·21 | 86·5 | |
| No. | Station | July | August | September | October | November | December | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | Rain- fall | Mean Tem- pera- ture | ||
| 1 | Simla | 17·55 | 65·0° | 17·98 | 63·5° | 6·56 | 62·4° | 1·22 | 56·8° | 0·54 | 49·7° | 0·74 | 45·8° |
| 2 | Peshawar (N.) | 1·79 | 99·0 | 2·70 | 88·4 | 0·64 | 82·8 | 0·11 | 72·9 | 0·57 | 60·6 | 0·34 | 53·0 |
| Lahore (Mid.) | 6·67 | 89·5 | 5·83 | 87·4 | 2·49 | 84·9 | 0·26 | 76·6 | 0·10 | 63·7 | 0·38 | 56·1 | |
| Multan (S.) | 2·94 | 93·1 | 1·58 | 91·1 | 0·42 | 88·5 | 0·00 | 70·9 | 0·10 | 67·8 | 0·20 | 58·6 | |
| 3 | Meerut | 9·54 | 86·3 | 10·59 | 84·5 | 5·74 | 83·2 | 0·42 | 76·4 | 0·08 | 65·3 | 0·32 | 58·6 |
| Agra | 11·50 | 86·6 | 7·67 | 84·5 | 4·91 | 84·3 | 0·47 | 80·4 | 0·05 | 60·5 | 0·19 | 62·1 | |
| Allahabad | 12·33 | 85·4 | 11·10 | 84·1 | 6·05 | 83·8 | 1·83 | 78·8 | 0·17 | 68·2 | 0·32 | 61·2 | |
| Benares | 10·74 | 85·5 | 11·83 | 84·3 | 6·59 | 84·2 | 2·30 | 79·3 | 0·36 | 68·7 | 0·24 | 61·4 | |
| Jhansi | 12·60 | 84·5 | 12·50 | 82·6 | 6·80 | 83·1 | 0·70 | 80·5 | 0·12 | 70·4 | 0·13 | 64·3 | |
| 4 | Patna | 11·75 | 85·1 | 11·30 | 84·4 | 7·40 | 84·7 | 3·25 | 80·5 | 0·17 | 70·7 | 0·13 | 62·6 |
| Hazaribagh | 14·16 | 79·0 | 13·11 | 78·3 | 8·76 | 78·3 | 3·41 | 75·0 | 0·20 | 67·2 | 0·22 | 66·9 | |
| 5 | Calcutta | 12·46 | 83·2 | 12·95 | 82·6 | 9·33 | 82·6 | 4·39 | 80·5 | 0·66 | 72·9 | 0·24 | 66·1 |
| Dhubri | 16·17 | 83·1 | 13·76 | 82·3 | 13·35 | 81·4 | 3·50 | 79·0 | 0·26 | 71·8 | 0·10 | 65·3 | |
| Sibsagar | 17·10 | 84·5 | 16·19 | 83·8 | 12·22 | 82·6 | 4·84 | 78·0 | 0·98 | 69·1 | 0·57 | 61·1 | |
| 6 | Jaipur | 9·37 | 84·4 | 10·07 | 85·0 | 4·40 | 82·7 | 0·30 | 78·9 | 0·24 | 68·8 | 0·08 | 62·8 |
| 7 | Kurrachi | 3·47 | 86·1 | 1·55 | 83·8 | 0·54 | 83·6 | 0·00 | 82·2 | 0·09 | 75·0 | 0·16 | 69·0 |
| 8 | Deesa | 10·99 | 84·4 | 7·60 | 81·8 | 4·83 | 83·1 | 0·35 | 81·5 | 0·16 | 75·6 | 0·06 | 68·6 |
| 9 | Khandwa | 8·82 | 81·0 | 7·14 | 79·8 | 7·56 | 80·2 | 1·73 | 78·0 | 0·31 | 70·4 | 0·56 | 65·3 |
| Jubulpur | 20·80 | 80·1 | 16·12 | 79·3 | 8·77 | 79·9 | 2·07 | 75·6 | 0·50 | 66·6 | 0·38 | 60·6 | |
| Nagpur | 14·73 | 80·9 | 10·25 | 81·0 | 10·13 | 81·2 | 2·95 | 78·9 | 0·90 | 71·8 | 0·64 | 66·8 | |
| 10 | Bombay | 27·17 | 80·7 | 11·43 | 80·3 | 11·81 | 80·2 | 2·47 | 81·8 | 0·66 | 79·7 | 0·09 | 76·8 |
| 11 | Hyderabad | 6·90 | 78·6 | 8·17 | 78·4 | 5·99 | 78·4 | 3·08 | 77·3 | 1·76 | 72·5 | 0·27 | 69·1 |
| Poona | 6·87 | 76·3 | 3·22 | 75·7 | 5·21 | 76·3 | 4·80 | 77·5 | 1·31 | 72·4 | 0·26 | 68·6 | |
| Belgaum | 15·37 | 71·2 | 8·74 | 71·2 | 4·64 | 71·9 | 6·39 | 73·7 | 2·11 | 71·6 | 0·13 | 69·6 | |
| Bellary | 1·93 | 82·6 | 2·58 | 82·1 | 4·09 | 81·7 | 4·29 | 80·1 | 2·13 | 76·0 | 0·14 | 73·0 | |
| Bangalore | 4·59 | 73·7 | 5·80 | 73·6 | 4·72 | 73·5 | 7·15 | 72·9 | 3·59 | 70·3 | 0·55 | 68·1 | |
| Trichinopoly | 1·50 | 87·1 | 4·67 | 86·2 | 3·21 | 85·4 | 7·49 | 82·4 | 5·37 | 79·1 | 2·55 | 76·7 | |
| 12 | Cochin (West Coast) | 21·51 | 78·6 | 13·31 | 78·7 | 9·38 | 79·2 | 14·01 | 80·1 | 6·77 | 80·6 | 1·81 | 80·3 |
| Madras (East Coast) | 3·87 | 87·0 | 4·56 | 85·5 | 4·69 | 85·2 | 11·00 | 82·1 | 13·21 | 78·7 | 5·28 | 76·7 | |
| 13 | Rangoon | 21·68 | 80·3 | 18·19 | 80·3 | 16·04 | 80·7 | 6·74 | 81·4 | 2·98 | 80·1 | 0·09 | 77·5 |
| 14 | Mandalay | 3·17 | 86·1 | 3·88 | 85·3 | 6·54 | 84·8 | 5·08 | 83·1 | 1·28 | 76·9 | 0·28 | 70·5 |
| No. | Station | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Simla | Hill station, with practically temperate climate. Not malarious. |
| 2 | Peshawar (N.) | Punjab Stations.—Intensely hot in summer, quite cold in winter; rainfall scanty. Malaria rifefrom August to November; sometimes of a very virulent type. |
| Lahore (Mid.) | ||
| Multan (S.) | ||
| 3 | Meerut | North-West Provinces.—Hot and dry from April to mid-June; then to September moderate rain; coolwith bright sun, November to March. Malarious from August to November, but seldom of a severe type. |
| Agra | ||
| Allahabad | ||
| Benares | ||
| Jhansi | ||
| 4 | Patna | Upper Bengal.—Intermediate in climate and salubrity between N.W.P. and Lower Bengal. |
| Hazaribagh | ||
| 5 | Calcutta | Lower Bengal and Assam.—Moist, except for a few weeks in March and April; heavy and prolongedrains, but seldom with intense heat. Malaria prolonged, and often of a severe type. |
| Dhubri | ||
| Sibsagar | ||
| 6 | Jaipur | Rajputana.—Closely resembles the Southern Punjab. |
| 7 | Kurrachi | Seaport of Sind.—Waterless and desert; but climate modified by proximity to sea. Exceptionally little malariapreviously to the introduction of a regular water supply. |
| 8 | Deesa | Gujarat.—Scanty rainfall, July, August; heat of prolonged drought modified by proximity to sea. Malariamoderate, more or less throughout the year, with two maxima—in February and October respectively. |
| 9 | Khandwa | Central India.—Prolonged dry season, intensely hot in May and June; rainfall moderate. Malariaautumnal, prolonged far into cold weather, but seldom particularly virulent. |
| Jubulpur | ||
| Nagpur | ||
| 10 | Bombay | Considerable rainfall, almost confined to three months. Not very malarious. |
| 11 | Hyderabad | Southern plateau.—Scanty rainfall, but no great annual variation of temperature; intense heat ofcentral region modified by sea breeze as ghauts are approached. Malaria worst in August, prolonged far into cool season, but rarely ofvirulent type. |
| Poona | ||
| Belgaum | ||
| Bellary | ||
| Bangalore | ||
| Trichinopoly | ||
| 12 | Cochin (West Coast) | Southern littoral.—Climate uniform and moist. No marked malaria-free season, but disease seldomspecially severe. |
| Madras (East Coast) | ||
| 13 | Rangoon | Lower Burmah.—Resembles Indian Southern littoral in climate, but disease often of severe type. |
| 14 | Mandalay | Climate resembles that of Southern Indian plateau. Malaria from June to December, worst in August; disease often ofvirulent type. |
In the third zone, that of Bengal, the cold weather is short, but even in Calcutta there are two months during which ordinary European clothing becomes desirable. There is a short hot weather, relieved by a rainy period, the “chota barsât,” about Easter, but the heat never approaches that of the western part of the continental triangle. The rainfall is extremely heavy towards the east, as in Assam, so that extensive floods are common, and malaria necessarily very common and often serious.
In the northern part of the peninsular triangle we find the same tendency to dryness in the west and moisture in the east, Khathiawar and Surat having but moderate rainfalls, while that of Orissa is very heavy; but in neither is either the fierce heat or bracing cold weather of the northern triangle to be met with.
Between the two lie the “Central” Provinces, which, apart from some favoured spots, such as Saugor and Chindwara, which have an elevation of over 2,000 feet, undoubtedly possess one of the vilest climates in India, or in the world. The hot, dry weather is severe and prolonged, and towards the burst of the monsoon is combined with a moist atmosphere without any alleviation of the heat. The writer has personally verified in the Nerbudah valley a temperature of 105° F. (40·6° C.) at 4.30 a.m. in the open, the observation being taken carefully with a swung Kew thermometer.