Piper, in his Trees of America, p. 19, gives an interesting account of Mr. Tudor's success in planting trees on the bleak and barren shore of Nahant. "Mr. Tudor," observes he, "has planted more than ten thousand trees at Nahant, and, by the results of his experiments, has fully demonstrated that trees, properly cared for in the beginning, may be made to grow up to the very bounds of the ocean, exposed to the biting of the wind and the spray of the sea. The only shelter they require is, at first, some interruption to break the current of the wind, such as fences, houses, or other trees."
[423] The careful observations of Colonel J. D. Graham, of the United States Army, show a tide of about three inches in Lake Michigan. See "A Lunar Tidal Wave in the North American Lakes," demonstrated by Lieut.-Colonel J. D. Graham, in the fourteenth volume of the Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
[424] Staring, De Bodem van Nederland, i, p. 327, note.
[425] The principal special works and essays on this subject known to me are:
Brémontier, Mémoire sur les Dunes, etc., 1790, reprinted in Annales des Ponts et Chaussées, 1833, 1er sémestre, pp. 145-186.
Rapport sur les differents Mémoires de M. Brémontier, par Laumont et autres, 1806, same volume, pp. 192, 224.
Lefort, Notice sur les Travaux de Fixation des Dunes, Annales des Ponts et Chaussées, 1831, 2me sémestre, pp. 320-332.
Forchhammer, Geognostische Studien am Meeres Ufer, in Leonhard und Bronn, Jahrbuch, etc., 1841, pp. 1, 38.
J. G. Kohl, Die Inseln und Marschen der Herzogthümer Schleswig und Holstein, 1846, vol. ii, pp. 112-162, 193-204.
Laval, Mémoire sur les Dunes du Golfe de Gascogne, Annales des Ponts et Chaussées, 1847, 2me sémestre, pp. 218-268.