- 1784 P. cembra Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 274. (not Linnaeus).
- 1842 P. parviflora Siebold and Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. ii. 27, t. 115.
- 1890 P. pentaphylla Mayr, Mon. Abiet. Jap. 78, 94, t. 6.
- 1908 P. morrisonicola Hayata in Gard. Chron. ser. 3, xliii. 194.
- 1908 P. formosana Hayata in Jour. Linn. Soc. xxxviii. 297, t. 22.
Spring-shoots pubescent or glabrous; branches becoming studded with prominent resin-cells of the cortex. Leaves from 3 to 8 cm. long, slender, serrulate; stomata ventral only; resin-ducts external and dorsal. Cones subsessile, often persistent, from 5 to 10 cm. long, patulous or horizontal, short-ovate, or elongate and slightly conical; apophyses nut-brown, abruptly convex near the apex, or irregularly warped, varying much in size, the umbo confluent with the thin margin of the scale and resting on the apophysis beneath; seeds with a large nut and a short broad wing, often temporarily adherent to the cone-scale and breaking apart at the fall of the nut.
A tree of the mountains of Japan and Formosa, cultivated extensively. It is recognized by its very short quinate leaves and by its nearly sessile cones. The frequent but not invariable retention of the seed-wing in the cone is due to adhesion. Many seeds fall with their wings intact, others break away from the wing which, after a while, loosens and also falls.
Figs. 114, 115, Three cones and seed. Fig. 116, Leaf-fascicle and magnified leaf-section.
9. PINUS PEUCE
- 1844 P. peuce Grisebach, Spicil. Fl. Rumel. ii. 349.
- 1865 P. excelsa Hooker in Jour. Linn. Soc. viii. 145. (not Wallich).
Spring-shoots glabrous. Leaves from 7 to 10 cm. long, erect, serrulate; stomata ventral only; resin-ducts external. Connective of pollen-sacs small and narrow. Cones deciduous, from 8 to 15 cm. long, subcylindrical, often curved, the peduncle short; apophyses tawny yellow, prominently and abruptly convex, the umbo against the scale beneath; seed-wing long.
A tree of the Balkan Mountains, very hardy and bearing abundant fruit in the gardens of both hemispheres. The cone resembles that of P. excelsa, but is prevalently much shorter and with a relatively shorter peduncle. Its leaves are also much shorter and are always erect. A curious difference is found in the connectives of the pollen-sacs, small in peuce (fig. 113), large in excelsa (fig. 110). The convexity of its apophyses distinguishes the cone from those of P. monticola and P. strobus. Beissner followed Hooker and named this species excelsa, var. peuce, in the first edition of his Handbuch (1891), but in the second edition he restored the Balkan Pine to specific standing.