The Genus Pinus

by George Russell Shaw

• Paracembra-Subsection, [36]
• Parapinaster-Subsection, [44]
• Peduncle of cone, [8]
• Persistence of leaf, [4]
• Persistent cone, [8]
• Phyllotaxis, of cone, [12]
  • definite, [12]
  • indefinite, [12]
• Pinaster-Subsection, [50]
• Pineae-Group, [48]
• Pinus, [24]
• Pinus abasica Carr. = halepensis, [78]
  • alba-canadensis Prov. = strobus, [36]
  • albicaulis Engelm., [27]
  • Altamirani Shaw = Lawsonii, [68]
  • apacheca Lemm. = ponderosa, [66]
  • apulcensis Lindl. = pseudostrobus, [62]
  • arabica Sieb. = halepensis, [78]
  • aristata Engelm., [44]
  • arizonica Engelm. = ponderosa, [66]
  • Armandi Franch., [30]
  • armena Koch = sylvestris, [54]
  • attenuata Lemm., [88]
  • australis Michx. = palustris, [70]
  • austriaca Höss = nigra, [58]
  • ayacahuite Ehrenb., [30]
  • bahamensis Grise. = caribaea, [70]
  • Balfouriana Balf., [42]
  • Balfouriana Wats. = aristata, [44]
  • Banksiana Lamb., [84]
  • Beardsleyi Murr. = ponderosa, [66]
  • Benthamiana Hartw. = ponderosa, [66]
  • Bolanderi Parl. = contorta, [84]
  • Bonapartea Roezl = ayacahuite, [30]
  • Boursieri Carr. = contorta, [84]
  • brachyptera Engelm. = ponderosa, [66]
  • brutia Ten. = halepensis, [78]
  • Bungeana Zucc., [40]
  • californica Hartw. = attenuata, [88]
  • canaliculata Miq. = Massoniana, [52]
  • canariensis Smith, [48]
  • caribaea Mor., [70]
  • carica Don = halepensis, [78]
  • cembra L., [27]
  • cembra Thunb. = parviflora, [32]
  • cembroides Gord. = Pinceana, [38]
  • cembroides Newb. = albicaulis, [27]
  • cembroides Zucc., [38]
  • chihuahuana Engelm. = leiophylla, [44]
  • clausa Vasey, [80]
  • contorta Dougl., [84]
  • coronans Litv. = cembra, [27]
  • Coulteri D. Don, [93]
  • Craigana Murr. = ponderosa, [66]
  • cubensis Grise. = occidentalis, [70]
  • cubensis Sarg. = caribaea, [70]
  • dalmatica Vis. = nigra, [58]
  • deflexa Torr. = ponderosa, [66]
  • densata Mast. = sinensis, [60]
  • densiflora Sieb. & Zucc., [52]
  • Devoniana Lindl. = Montezumae, [64]
  • divaricata Dum. Cours. = Banksiana, [84]
  • Donnell-Smithii Mast. = Montezumae, [64]
  • echinata Mill., [74]
  • Edgariana Hartw. = muricata, [86]
  • edulis Engelm. = cembroides, [38]
  • Ehrenbergii Endl. = Montezumae, [64]
  • eldarica Medw. = halepensis, [78]
  • Elliottii Engelm. = caribaea, [70]
  • Engelmanni Carr. = ponderosa, [66]
  • escarena Riss. = pinaster, [80]
  • excelsa Hook. = peuce, [34]
  • excelsa Wall., [34]
  • filifolia Lindl. = Montezumae, [64]
  • Finlaysoniana Wall. = Merkusii, [58]
  • flexilis James, [28]
  • flexilis Balf. = albicaulis, [27]
  • formosana Hay. = parviflora, [32]
  • Fremontiana Endl. = cembroides, [38]
  • Frieseana Wich. = sylvestris, [54]
  • funebris Kom. = sinensis, [60]
  • Gerardiana Wall., [42]
  • glabra Walt., [72]
  • Gordoniana Hartw. = Montezumae, [64]
  • Greggii Engelm., [86]
  • Grenvilleae Gord. = Montezumae, [64]
  • Griffithii McClell. = excelsa, [34]
  • halepensis Bieb. = nigra, [58]
  • halepensis Mill., [78]
  • Hamiltonii Ten. = pinaster, [80]
  • Hartwegii Lindl. = Montezumae, [64]
  • Heldreichii Chr. = nigra, [58]
  • Henryi Mast. = sinensis, [60]
  • heterophylla Small = taeda, [72]
  • heterophylla Sudw. = caribaea, [70]
  • hispanica Cook = halepensis, [78]
  • hudsonia Poir. = Banksiana, [84]
  • humilis Link = sylvestris, [54]
  • inops Ait. = virginiana, [80]
  • inops Bong. = contorta, [84]
  • insignis Dougl. = radiata, [88]
  • insularis Endl., [60]
  • Jeffreyi Balf. = ponderosa, [66]
  • kasya Royle = insularis, [60]
  • khasiana Griff. = insularis, [60]
  • Kochiana Klotzsch = sylvestris, [54]
  • koraiensis Mast. = Armandi, [30]
  • koraiensis Sieb. & Zucc., [26]
  • Lambertiana Dougl., [32]
  • lapponica Mayr = sylvestris, [54]
  • laricio Poir. = nigra, [58]
  • laricio Savi = pinaster, [80]
  • latifolia Sarg. = ponderosa, [66]
  • latisquama Engelm. = Pinceana, [38]
  • latteri Mason = Merkusii, [58]
  • Lawsonii Roezl., [68]
  • leiophylla Schl. & Cham., [44]
  • Lemoniana Benth. = pinaster, [80]
  • leucodermis Ant. = nigra, [58]
  • leucosperma Max. = sinensis, [60]
  • Lindleyana Gord. = Montezumae, [64]
  • Llaveana Schiede = cembroides, [38]
  • Loiseleuriana Carr. = halepensis, [78]
  • longifolia Roxb., [46]
  • lophosperma Lindl. = Torreyana, [90]
  • Loudoniana Gord. = ayacahuite, [30]
  • luchuensis Mayr, [56]
  • Lumholtzii Rob. & Fern., [46]
  • lutea Walt. = taeda, [72]
  • macrocarpa Lindl. = Coulteri, [93]
  • macrophylla Engelm. = ponderosa, [66]
  • macrophylla Lindl. = Montezumae, [64]
  • maderiensis Ten. = pinea, [48]
  • mandschurica Laws. = cembra, [27]
  • mandschurica Rupr. = koraiensis, [26]
  • maritima Ait. = nigra, [58]
  • maritima Lamb. = halepensis, [78]
  • maritima Poir. = pinaster, [80]
  • Massoniana Lamb., [52]
  • Massoniana Sieb. & Zucc. = Thunbergii, [56]
  • Mastersiana Hay. = Armandi, [30]
  • Mayriana Sudw. = ponderosa, [66]
  • Merkusii De Vriese, [58]
  • mitis Michx. = echinata, [74]
  • monophylla Torr. = cembroides, [38]
  • montana Lam. = cembra, [27]
  • montana Mill., [54]
  • montana Noll = pungens, [84]
  • Montezumae Lamb., [64]
  • monticola Dougl., [34]
  • morrisonicola Hay. = parviflora, [32]
  • mugho Poir. = montana, [54]
  • mughus Jacq. = sylvestris, [54]
  • mughus Scop. = montana, [54]
  • muricata D. Don, [86]
  • Murrayana Balf. = contorta, [84]
  • Nelsonii Shaw, [40]
  • nepalensis De Chamb. = excelsa, [34]
  • nigra Arnold, [58]
  • nigricans Host = nigra, [58]
  • nivea Booth = strobus, [36]
  • obliqua Saut. = montana, [54]
  • occidentalis H. B. K. = Montezumae, [64]
  • occidentalis Swartz, [70]
  • oocarpa Schiede, [78]
  • oocarpoides Lindl. = oocarpa, [78]
  • orizabae Gord. = pseudostrobus, [62]
  • osteosperma Engelm. = cembroides, [38]
  • Pallasiana Lamb. = nigra, [58]
  • palustris Miller, [70]
  • Parolinii Vis. = halepensis, [78]
  • Parryana Engelm. = cembroides, [38]
  • Parryana Gord. = ponderosa, [66]
  • parviflora Sieb. Zucc., [32]
  • patula Schl. & Cham., [86]
  • peninsularis Lemm. = ponderosa, [66]
  • pentaphylla Mayr = parviflora, [32]
  • persica Strangw. = halepensis, [78]
  • peuce Grise., [34]
  • pinaster Ait., [80]
  • pinaster Bess. = nigra, [58]
  • Pinceana Gord., [38]
  • pindica Form. = nigra, [58]
  • pinea Linn., [48]
  • pityusa Stev. = halepensis, [78]
  • ponderosa Dougl., [66]
  • pontica Koch = sylvestris, [54]
  • porphyrocarpa Laws. = monticola, [34]
  • Pringlei Shaw, [76]
  • prominens Mast. = sinensis, [60]
  • pseudostrobus Lindl., [62]
  • pumila Regel = cembra, [27]
  • pumilio Haenke = montana, [54]
  • pungens Lamb., [84]
  • pyrenaica David = halepensis, [78]
  • pyrenaica Lap. = nigra, [58]
  • quadrifolia Sudw. = cembroides, [38]
  • radiata D. Don, [88]
  • radiata Hook. & Arn. = Montezumae, [64]
  • recurvata Rowl. = caribaea, [70]
  • reflexa Engelm. = flexilis, [28]
  • resinosa Ait., [51]
  • resinosa Loise. = halepensis, [78]
  • resinosa Savi = sylvestris, [54]
  • rigida Mill., [82]
  • rotundata Link = montana, [54]
  • Roxburghii Sarg. = longifolia, [46]
  • Royleana Jam. = echinata, [74]
  • rubra Michx.= resinosa, [51]
  • rubra Mill. = sylvestris, [54]
  • rudis Endl. = Montezumae, [64]
  • rupestris Michx. = Banksiana, [84]
  • Russelliana Lindl. = Montezumae, [64]
  • Sabiniana Dougl., [90]
  • Salzmanni Dun. = nigra, [58]
  • sanguinea Lap. = montana, [54]
  • sativa Lam. = pinea, [48]
  • scipioniformis Mast. = Armandi, [30]
  • scopifera Miq. = densiflora, [52]
  • scopulorum Lemm. = ponderosa, [66]
  • serotina Long = rigida, [82]
  • serotina Michx., [82]
  • shasta Carr. = albicaulis, [27]
  • sibirica Mayr = cembra, [27]
  • Sinclairii Hook. & Arn. = Montezumae, [64]
  • = radiata, [88]
  • sinensis Lamb., [60]
  • squarrosa Walt. = echinata, [74]
  • strobiformis Engelm. = ayacahuite, [30]
  • strobiformis Sarg. = flexilis 28
  • strobus Linn., [36]
  • strobus Thunb. = koraiensis, [26]
  • sylvestris Baumg. = nigra, [58]
  • sylvestris Gouan = halepensis, [78]
  • sylvestris Linn., [54]
  • sylvestris Lour. = Merkusii, [58]
  • sylvestris Mill. = pinaster, [80]
  • sylvestris Thunb. = Thunbergii, [56]
  • tabulaeformis Carr. = sinensis, [60]
  • taeda Blanco = insularis, [60]
  • taeda Lamb. = pungens, [84]
  • taeda Linn., [72]
  • tamrac Murr. = contorta, [84]
  • tatarica Mill. = sylvestris, [54]
  • tenuifolia Benth. = pseudostrobus, [62]
  • tenuis Lemm. = contorta, [84]
  • teocote Schl. & Cham., [68]
  • terthrocarpa Shaw = tropicalis, [52]
  • Thunbergii Parl., [56]
  • Torreyana Parry, [90]
  • tropicalis Mor., [52]
  • tuberculata D. Don = radiata, [88]
  • tuberculata Gord. = attenuata, [88]
  • uliginosa Neum. = montana, [54]
  • uncinata Ram. = montana, [54]
  • variabilis Lamb. = echinata, [74]
  • Veitchii Roezl = ayacahuite, [30]
  • virginiana Mill., [80]
  • Wilsonii Shaw = sinensis, [60]
  • Wincesteriana Gord. = Montezumae, [64]
  • Wrightii Engelm. = occidentalis, [70]
  • yunnanensis Franch. = sinensis, [60]
• Pistillate flower, [7]
• Primary leaf, [1]
• Pseudolateral conelet, [7]

• Resin-ducts of the leaf external, [6]
  • internal, [6]
  • medial, [6]
  • septal, [6]

• Secondary leaf, [2]
• Sectional characters, [18]
• Seed, wing of, [16]
  • winged, [16]
  • wingless, [16]
• Septal resin-ducts, [6]
• Serotinous cone, [14]
• Species, classification of, [22]
• Specific characters, [20]
• Spring-shoot, [2]
• Staminate flowers, [7]
• Stelar tissues of leaf, [6]
• Stomata of leaf, [4]
• Strobi-Group, [30]
• Strobus, Opiz = Pinus, [24]
• Strobus strobus Small = Pinus strobus, [36]
• Subsectional characters, [20]
• Subterminal conelet, [7]
  • flower, [7]
• Symmetrical cone, [10]

• Terminal umbo, [8]
• Tissues of the cone, [12]
  • leaf, [4]
  • wood, [17]

• Umbo of the cone dorsal, [8]
  • terminal, [8]
• Uninodal branchlet, [2]
  • spring-shoot, [2]
• Uniform hypoderm, [6]

• Variation, [21]

• Wing of seed, adnate, [16]
  • articulate, [16]
• Winged seed, [16]
• Wingless seed, [16]
• Wood, [17]
• Wood-strands of the cone, [14]
• Wood-tissues, [17]

---

Transcriber's Notes:

1. The position of Plates was changed to the end of the section referencing each.