1. Mammals with one pancreatic duct, either connected with the bile-duct or entering the intestine independently:
Monkeys, most rodents (except the beaver), marsupials, carnivora (except dog and hyena), many ungulates (pig, peccary, hyrax, etc.), most ruminating artiodactyla.
(a) The pancreatic duct joins the common bile-duct before entering the duodenum in the monkeys, marsupials, carnivora, in the sheep, goat and camel.
The point of entrance of the combined duct into the intestine varies. In some forms it is near the pylorus, in others at some distance from the same. The common opening is situated 1½″ to 2″ beyond the pylorus in carnivora, and one foot behind the same point in the goat and sheep.
(b) The pancreatic duct does not join the bile-duct, but empties separately into the intestine, in most rodents and in the calf and pig.
In the calf the pancreatic duct opens into the duodenum 15′ beyond the bile-duct and 3′ beyond the pylorus.
In the pig the pancreatic opening is 5″–7″ beyond that of the bile-duct and 6″–8″ behind the pylorus.
2. Mammals with two pancreatic ducts, of which one usually joins the bile-duct: perissodactyla (except the ass according to Meckel), elephant, beaver, several carnivora, dog, hyena, and according to Bernard the cat. In the perissodactyla the proximal of the two pancreatic ducts empties, either combined with the bile-duct, or separate from it, but very close to it, 3″–4″ behind the pylorus. The second distal duct is smaller and opens several inches further down.
